2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3第7課時(shí)（文化背景知識）教案 新人教版選修8I. 語法: 過去分詞作定語1. 過去分詞作定語既可以放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可以放在所修飾的詞后面，作后置定語。表示被動(dòng)和完成意義,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如：Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)預(yù)定的座位在哪里？The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到很好的照料。We needed much more qualified workers.我們需要更多合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是個(gè)歸國留學(xué)生。2. 過去分詞作后置定語可分為限制性（緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后）和非限制性（用逗號與其所修飾的中心詞分開）兩種，其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。例如：The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用來幫助那些無家可歸的人。He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是個(gè)很受學(xué)生愛戴的老師。Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀請參加你的晚會的那些所謂的客人是誰呀?This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學(xué)者。The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒。3. 過去分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語。例如：The newly-built building is our office building.這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓。This is a state-owned factory. 這是一家國營工廠。This is our school-run factory. 這是我們的校辦工廠。4. 有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，并不表示被動(dòng)的意思而是表示完成。這類過去分詞常作前置修飾語。例如：There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.秋天有許多落葉。The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的這一類詞有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。5. 如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，即使一個(gè)單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved? 還有沒解決的問題嗎？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自從我離開這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以來，幾乎沒有什么變化。6. 過去分詞作定語時(shí)與定語從句的關(guān)系：(1) 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞可改為動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)形式的定語從句。lost timetime which is lost a well-known writera writer who is well- knowna beaten teama team which is beaten(2) 部分不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)可改為動(dòng)詞為完成式或動(dòng)詞為表示狀態(tài)的定語從句。a returned soldiera soldier who has returnedretired workersworkers who have retireda learned mana man who is of much learninga sunken shipa ship which has sunk練習(xí)1. First he made a list of the names of those _. Then he began to write the invitation cards.A. invitedB. being invitedC. to be invitedD. having been invited2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being written D. written3. This method, _ in areas near Shanghai, _ in a marked rise in total production.A. trying; resulting B. tried; resulted C. trying; resulted D. tried; resulting4. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door , _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading6. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hangingC. hang D. being hung7. Next he is going to write a science story about outer space _ by Science and Technology Press.A. published B. being published C. to be published D. publishing8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars9. The Yellow River, _ to be “the mother river”, runs across China like a huge dragon.A. saying B. to say C. said D. being said10. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; played D. missed; to playKey: 1-5 CDBAD 6-10 BCDCAII. 文化背景知識Invention Year of InventionInventorAir Conditioning 1902Willis CarrierApple Lisa puter 1983AppleAtomic Bomb 1945J. Robert Oppenheimer leadingthe Manhattan Project team.Ball-Point Pen 1938Ladislo BiroMobile/Cellular Phones 1947/1979MultiModern puters 1936-presentMultiputer Game 1962MITSteve Russellputer Mouse 1964Douglas EngelbartElectric Chair1888Thomas EdisonDrive-In Movie Theater1933Richard M. HollingsheadFiber Optics 1854-1970Maurer, Keck, Schultz Multi - Tyndall, Bell, Wheeler“Floppy” Disk 1971IBM Alan ShugartFountain Pen 1884Lewis Edson Waterman MultiInternet 1969MicrosoftMS-DOS 1981MicrosoftNeon 1902Georges ClaudeNetwork puting1973Robert Metcalf XeroxRobots 1921-1956MultiWord Processors 1960s to 79MultiYo-Yo 1929MultiZippe1851-1917Gideon SundbackWhitb JudsonIII. The Invention Convention Steps for StudentsCan you invent something? Can you think of an idea or invention that will help people?Read the five steps below. They will help you to bee an inventor. Then bring your idea or invention to the Invention Convention.Step 1 Learning about Inventors Learn about inventors. Read about them in books. Talk to people about them.Step 2 Finding an Idea Think about something people need in order to make life better. Talk to people about something they would like to be changed. Then tell your teacher about it on a special sheet of paper called “My New Idea.”Step 3 Research and Planning Use your plan to make an invention. Or write about how your invention would help to solve a problem. Be sure to follow science safety rules when you make an invention.Step 4 Developing and Testing Test your invention or your plan. Make sure it works and is safe to use. Tell about your invention. You may want to draw a picture of it. Use the sheet called My Invention.Step 5 Attending the Invention Convention Get your invention or plan ready for the Invention Convention. Try to make it look as good as you can. Learn all you can about how it works and what it is good for. Bring it to the Invention Convention. Be ready to answer questions.