2019-2020年高中英語 Unit5Enjoying novels-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10一、核心單詞用法例析1.authoress n. 女作家 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：waitress 女服務(wù)員；hostess女主人，空中小姐，(火車,巴士上)女服務(wù)員； waiter (男)侍者,服務(wù)生；author 作者；作家；host主人,東道主，節(jié)目主持人2.recount vt. 詳細(xì)講; 敘述; 描述列舉; 依次數(shù)說；重新計(jì)算,再數(shù)He recounted all the happenings of the day. 他詳細(xì)敘述那天發(fā)生的一切事情3. oppose vt. 反對;反抗;妨礙I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反對與他人一起外出購物。He is strongly opposed to the plan.他強(qiáng)烈反對這一計(jì)劃。4.gifted a. 有天資的,有天賦的He is a gifted athlete.他是個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。5.respectable a. 值得尊敬的，名聲好的;體面的Our new neighbors are very respectable people.我們的新鄰居是十分可敬的人。It is not respectable to spit on the sidewalk.在人行道上吐痰是不文雅的。區(qū)別：respectable 和respectful respectable 指獲得來自外人的尊敬，“受人尊敬的”，而respectful指對外人的尊敬，“恭敬的”。如：No respectable girl would associate with a man like him.沒有哪個(gè)正派的姑娘愿意和他這樣的人交往。6. marry vt. & vi 使某人結(jié)婚 娶; 嫁, 和.結(jié)婚 He is going to marry Jane. 他將與簡結(jié)婚。Ben and Jill are getting married. 本和吉爾即將結(jié)婚。注意：英文里無marry with sb的說法；表示“結(jié)婚多久了”用be married 如：How long have you been married to Sheila?你和希拉結(jié)婚多久了？ 7. hopeless a. -less是否定后綴，意思是：不抱希望的；無望的,沒有辦法的 The lost hikers felt helpless.這些迷路的徒步旅行者感到絕望。Our position is hopeless; well never get out alive.我們的處境毫無希望,我們決不可能活著出去。8. approval n. ( vt. approve)批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可 贊成;同意The plan had the approval of the school authorities.計(jì)劃得到學(xué)校當(dāng)局的認(rèn)可。We went to the party with our parents approval.我們?nèi)〉酶改竿夂笕⒓泳蹠?huì)。9. growth n. 生長,成長;發(fā)育 增長;增加 Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child.運(yùn)動(dòng)和營養(yǎng)好的食物對孩子的正常發(fā)育十分重要。the recent growth in / of violent crime 近期暴力罪行的增加10. hail vt. 向.歡呼;為.喝彩 承認(rèn).為;擁立(+as) 招呼The people lined the street to hail the invincible general.人們排列在街的兩旁向常勝將軍歡呼。They hailed him king.他們擁立他為王。An old friend hailed me from across the street.一個(gè)老朋友在馬路對面和我打招呼。10. critic n. 批評(píng)家,評(píng)論家 持批評(píng)態(tài)度的人;吹毛求疵的人,愛挑剔的人He is a very famous film critic.他是一個(gè)很有名氣的電影評(píng)論家。11. possess vt. 擁有,持有;具有;占有The country possesses rich mineral deposits.這個(gè)國家擁有豐富礦藏。12. generous a. 慷慨的(+with/in/to) 寬宏大量的(+to/towards) 大量的;豐盛的She is generous in giving help.她樂于助人。She gave me a generous lunch.她請我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。13. sequence n. 連續(xù);接連;一連串(+of) 次序;順序;先后Farmers met with a sequence of bad harvests.農(nóng)民們遇到了接二連三的壞收成。14. inspect vt. 檢查;審查 檢閱;視察They inspected the roof for leaks.他們檢查了屋頂看看是否有漏隙。Health Department officials came to inspect the factory.衛(wèi)生部的官員來視察這個(gè)工廠。15. chain n. 鏈,鏈條;項(xiàng)圈 一系列;連鎖,連續(xù) 連鎖店(chain store)The dog was fastened to a post with/by a chain.那條狗被用鏈條拴在柱子上。The traffic accident led to a chain of events.交通事故引起了一連串的事件。16. discount n vt. 折扣; 打折扣 將.打折扣;將商品打去.折扣We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash.如用現(xiàn)金購買,我們給予九折優(yōu)待。17.decline vi. & vt. 下降,下跌;減少;衰退,衰落 婉拒;謝絕As one grows older, ones memory declines.人的記憶力隨著年齡增長而衰退。Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.上個(gè)月失業(yè)率降至百分之四。18. enquire vi. 詢問;查詢(+about/for) 調(diào)查(+into)I enquired about trains to New York.我查問有關(guān)去紐約的火車開行情況。We will enquire into the matter.我們將調(diào)查這事。19. rejoice vi. & vt. 欣喜,高興 慶祝,歡樂 使高興,使欣喜I rejoice to hear of your promotion.聽說你高升我非常高興。We all rejoiced at/over the good news.我們都為這一消息感到高興。20.initial a.開始的,最初的 在（字）開頭的His initial reaction was one of shock.他最初的反應(yīng)是震驚。21.fault n.缺點(diǎn),毛病,缺陷錯(cuò)誤Every man has his faults.人無完人,金無足赤。Faults are thick where love is thin.一朝情誼淡，樣樣不順眼。22. sensible a. 明智的;合情理的 意識(shí)到的,察覺到的(+of)Be sensible and take your umbrella.聰明些，把傘帶上吧。I am sensible of my error.我認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤了。二、詞組句型用法全解1. in force 有效大批地The new law will soon e in force.新法律將很快生效。The police arrived in force.警察大批地趕到。2. even so即使如此The book is rather old; even so, it is very useful.這本書已很舊,盡管如此,它還是很有用。3. get round / around 逃避 說服, 爭取（某人） 傳開He got round the difficulty.他避開了這一難題。I got round my father to lend me his car.我說服了父親借車給我。4. under the name of 用.的名字;以.的名義Instead of using his true name, he sent the article to the paper under the name of Saki.他不用真名,而用"沙奇"這個(gè)名字投稿。5. stand out 堅(jiān)持, 引人注目,脫穎而出,杰出They stood out till victory.他們堅(jiān)持到勝利。Our daughter is a great dancer, she stands out above the rest.我們的女兒是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的舞者,她從許多舞者中脫穎而出。6. put off 推遲;拖延Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。7. straight away/ right away 即刻;馬上；毫不猶豫地；毫不耽誤地I want it typed straight away, please. 請立即把它打印出來。I told her straight away what I thought of her.我把我對她的看法直截了當(dāng)?shù)母嬖V了她。8. in vain adv. 徒勞Their efforts were not in vain.他們的努力沒白費(fèi)。9. at length 最后,終于 詳細(xì)地At length, we began to understand what she wanted.最后,我們總算弄清楚她到底要什么。He talked at length about his work.他詳細(xì)地談了他的工作。10. used to I used to live in the country but now I am used to the city life here. 我過去住在鄉(xiāng)下，但是現(xiàn)在適應(yīng)這里的城市生活了。11. pull up 拔起、使停下、阻止、斥責(zé)The driver pulled up his car at the gate.司機(jī)在門口把車停下了。比較：The car pulled up at the gate.車在門口停下了。12. think ill of 看不起(輕視)，對評(píng)價(jià)(印象)不好(反義詞：think well of) Dont think ill of him. 不要把他想得太壞。13. see through 幫助.渡過(困難等) 看穿;識(shí)破(謊言)We will see you through the difficulty.我們會(huì)幫助你渡過難關(guān)。The policeman saw through his false alibi.警察識(shí)破他不在場的偽證。14. struggle against 同.斗爭,向.展開斗爭We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs.我們必須努力克服這種偏見，從而在信仰上采取更為寬容的態(tài)度。三、課文長句難句剖析1. Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women.剖析：句中must have operated表示“對過去的事情肯定推測” ；at a time 表示“一個(gè)時(shí)期、一段時(shí)間”， when引導(dǎo)的是定語從句修飾time。譯文：很顯然，這種限制在婦女沒有平等權(quán)利的時(shí)期肯定會(huì)起作用的。拓展：at a time 每次;一次Take three pills at a time. 每次服三粒。真題：Dont speak all at once! _, please. (全國94)A. Each at one time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time 解析：意思是“請每次一個(gè)人講”，故選D。2She produced six pleted novels, all of which deal with the problems and limitations of womens choices.剖析：句中 pleted adj. 完整的;包含全部內(nèi)容的， which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾novels， which指代six pleted novels。譯文：她創(chuàng)作了六部完整的小說，這些作品都涉及到女性選擇權(quán)的問題及其局限性。真題：1) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad . （xx遼寧）Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 解析：非限制性定語從句，先行詞是half a million pairs of shoes。故選A。2) I have many friends, some are businessmen . （xx全國） Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom 解析：道理同上，先行詞是表達(dá)“人”的名詞。故選D。3At this time the only respectable career for a woman was to marry, so the dilemma of her heroines was also to marry but for love.剖析：句中respectable 可以形容人或事，意思是“符合社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的；正派的；正當(dāng)?shù)?；值得尊敬的”；dilemma意思是“兩難處境”，本句中“兩難”指“要么找不到真愛就不結(jié)婚，要么就同意締結(jié)沒有愛情基礎(chǔ)的婚姻”。如：Marys dilemma was whether to go to the party in her old dress or to stay at home.瑪麗的難處在于是穿舊衣服去聚會(huì)還是呆在家里。本句中but for 是“除了、除以外”的意思，于except for很相近。but for 最常見的意思是“要不是”，多用于虛擬語氣中。如：But for the rain, we would have had a pleasant journey. 要不是這場雨，我們的旅行一定會(huì)很愉快的。But for his bad habit of smoking, he would be a perfect man. 要不是抽煙的不良習(xí)慣，他就是一個(gè)完美的人。譯文：那時(shí)女性唯一受到尊敬的事業(yè)就是嫁人，所以她作品中女主人公也為了無愛情的婚姻所困擾。4It was also in her refreshingly light and ironic style, evident from the first sentence of the novel: everyone knows that a single man with a fortune must be in want of wife.剖析：句中want 意思是“缺乏，不足”, in want of 是個(gè)短語，意思是“需要”。如：The school is in want of good teachers. 這個(gè)學(xué)校需要好老師。句中that 引導(dǎo)的從句作knows 的賓語。譯文：她的作品的魅力還體現(xiàn)在她那清新明快而又帶點(diǎn)諷刺的寫作風(fēng)格上，這從小說的第一句就可以很清楚地看出來：“眾所周知，凡是有財(cái)產(chǎn)的單身漢必定需要娶一位太太?！?It is making fun of those mothers whose only wish is to marry their daughters well.剖析：句中 it指代上文中everyone knows that a single man with a fortune must be in want of wife。 句中whose only wish is to marry their daughters well是定語從句，修飾those mothers。如：Have you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actor is world famous? (01上海)譯文：這句話就是調(diào)侃那些母親，因?yàn)樗齻円婚T心思要女兒嫁個(gè)好人家。真題：Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. （xx天津） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 解析：引導(dǎo)詞在這個(gè)定語從句本身必須作定語。故選B。6. Her most famous book, Jane Eyre, describes the growth of a poor, abused heroine with an unhappy childhood through to mature person who finds eventual happiness after many struggle and disappointments. 剖析：句中abused是abuse的過去分詞形式，表示“被虐待、傷害的, 受辱罵的”with an unhappy childhood through to mature person 是個(gè)介詞短語修飾heroine。who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句也修飾heroine。譯文：她最有名的小說簡愛所描繪的女主人公從童年的不幸、貧窮且飽受摧殘到成熟，她經(jīng)歷多種坎坷和失望，最后終于找到了幸福。7. Being immediately hailed as “the masterwork of a great genius”, Jane Eyre became a great success.剖析：Being immediately hailed as “the masterwork of a great genius” 是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，作時(shí)間狀語，be hailed as 意思是“作為。被承認(rèn)”，success 表示具體的一次成功的事或一個(gè)成功的人士，其前要加不定冠詞a 。譯文：簡愛一出版，立即被譽(yù)為“偉大天才的杰作”，獲得了巨大的成功。8With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors. 剖析：句中With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨情況的。譯文：19世紀(jì)被認(rèn)為是偉大的女作家人才輩出的世紀(jì)，這一時(shí)期也有一些優(yōu)秀的男作家。9These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them.剖析：句中These women having produced works of the highest quality是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，表示原因。相當(dāng)于because these women have produced works of the highest quality。譯文：這些女作家由于創(chuàng)造了具有最高水準(zhǔn)的作品，任何關(guān)于19世紀(jì)英國文學(xué)的研究都必須包括她們。10. At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was sensitive to the pain she was going to cause him when declined his offer of marriage.剖析： 介詞短語in spite of與despite同義，是“不管,盡管”意。比如：He went to work in spite of his illness.盡管生病,他還是去工作。Despite advanced years, she is learning to drive.盡管年事已高,她還在學(xué)開車。In spite of disliking him 意思是 Although she disliked him.be sensitive to對敏感的;易受傷害的譯文：起初，雖然不喜歡他，她并漠視他的愛，而且還很在意拒絕他的求婚給他帶來的痛苦。11. At length he asked “And this is all the reply that I am to have! I might, perhaps, ask why I am refused so abruptly?” “I might as well enquire,” replied she,“why you told me you liked me against your will?.”剖析：that I am to have 是定語從句，修飾all the reply。be to do 表示“將要做”。might as well 意思是“還是做某事好；不妨?！?，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。用于提供建議或要求。比如：Since weve got nothing better to do, we might as well go for a walk.既然我們沒有什么更適合的事可做，我們不妨去散步吧。You might as well tell the truth. 你還是說實(shí)話為好。 against ones will 違背某人的意愿遺囑譯文：他終于問到：“這就是我要得到的全部答復(fù)！也許我可以問一下，為什么我會(huì)被如此斷然地拒絕？” 他答道：“為什么你對我說你是違心地喜歡我？ ”12. “And this,” cried Darcy as he walked with quick steps across the room, “is your opinion of me! Thank you for being so outspoken.”剖析：as 連詞，意思是 “ 一邊一邊”表示同時(shí)性。Thank you for (doing) sth因.而感謝你。譯文：“而這，”達(dá)西大聲嚷道，同時(shí)快速走向房間另一頭，“就是你對我的印象！感謝你如此直言不諱?！?3. “ If your pride has not been hurt by my honest confession and if I had flattered you, it might have been different. I am not ashamed of the feelings I related. They were natural and just”剖析：該主從復(fù)合句是與過去事實(shí)不符的虛擬語氣。（參見Unit4的“語法歸納”）譯文：“如果我的坦誠相告沒有傷及你的高傲，如果我對你阿諛奉承，事情可能就會(huì)完全不同了。對我所述說的感情我并不感到羞恥，因?yàn)檫@些是自然的和恰當(dāng)?shù)??！彼?、語法知識(shí)歸納梳理獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由一個(gè)名詞或主格代詞（作為邏輯主語）加上一個(gè)分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式或介詞短語構(gòu)成，被用逗號(hào)和句子分隔開。常常作狀語，表示行為方式或伴隨情況，有時(shí)也被用來表示時(shí)間、原因和條件等。多用于書面語中,特點(diǎn)是語言簡潔。比如：1. These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them.2. The teacher came in, book in hand.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用：1表示時(shí)間：Spring ing on, the trees turns green.=When spring es on, .2表示原因：There being no buses, we had to walk home.=Because there were no buses, .3表示條件：Condition permitting, I will climb Mt.Qomolangma next spring.= If condition permits, .Weather permitting, they will start at six tomorrow morning.= If weather permits, .4表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明：The children were making a snowman, hands red with cold.I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out.注：表示伴隨情況的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以用“with +賓語+賓補(bǔ)”代替。真題：1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on (xx北京)解析：賓語補(bǔ)語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)。故選A。2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled (xx上海)解析：問題有待解決，時(shí)間上是“將來”。故選C。3. The work _, John went to see a film.（ 91全國） A. done B. doing C. to be done D. to do 答案：工作“被做”，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。故選A。