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2019-2020年高考英語 Unit14單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 大綱人教版第二冊(cè) 1.demand 講：v. & n.要求;詰問；需要;需求 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的主要搭配形式為:+名詞;+動(dòng)詞不定式；+that從句。 例:She demanded an immediate explanation. 她要求立即給予解釋。 She demanded to see the manager. 她要求見經(jīng)理。 The UN has demanded that all troops(should)be withdrawn. 聯(lián)合國要求全面撤軍。 There is an increased demand for puter engineers. 對(duì)電腦工程師的需求不斷增加。 鏈接提示 (1)demand 后的that 從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或省略should。 (2)不能說demand sb.to do sth.。 練:(1)—How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers? —The key_________________ the problem is to meet the demand by the customers. A.to solving;making B.to solving;made C.to solve;making D.to solve;made 提示:meet/satisfy the demand的意思是“滿足要求”,make與它所修飾的名詞demand之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。介詞to可以表示“……的”。如:change to the plan 計(jì)劃的變動(dòng);answer to the question問題的答案;key to the exercise練習(xí)的答案;reply to the letter回信;key to the door房門的鑰匙;entrance to the building大樓的入口;note to the text課文的注釋。由于to是介詞，因此后接動(dòng)名詞形式。 答案:B (2)Our teacher demanded that all of us_________________ English every day. A.should practise to speak B.would practice speaking C.could practise speaking D.practise speaking 提示:demand 后的that 從句中用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或省略should。排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；practise后接動(dòng)名詞。 答案:D 2.form 講：v. 形成；使……形成;組成 n.形狀;形態(tài);形式;(健康)狀態(tài) 例:It’s too early to form an opinion about the new policy. 要形成對(duì)于這項(xiàng)政策的意見還為時(shí)過早。 The soldiers were formed into a line. 士兵們站成一條線。 Help in the form of money will be very wele. 非常歡迎以捐款的形式幫助。 鏈接提示 (1)in the form of 以……的形式 (2)be in great form心情很好 (3)take form逐漸形成 (4)take the form of采取……的形式 練:(1)（xx上海春季）China has promised to revise its existing regulations and______________ new policies according to WTO requirements. A.forming B.to form C.to be forming D.have formed 提示:and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，且本句不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B (2)Jessy should have no problem winning the game—he is quite______________ . A.in mon B.out of form C.in form D.in debt 提示:詞組辨析題。首先要準(zhǔn)確理解各詞組的意義，然后根據(jù)語境作出選擇。in mon 共同的；out of form(健康)狀態(tài)不佳；in form (健康)狀態(tài)良好；in debt負(fù)債。 答案:C 3.forbid 講：vt. 禁止；不許 例:He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. 他不準(zhǔn)他們?cè)偬徇@個(gè)問題。 You are all forbidden to leave. 你們都不準(zhǔn)離開。 He forbids walking in his garden. 他不許在他的花園里走。 鏈接提示 (1)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 (2)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 (3)God/Heaven forbid(that...)但愿這事不要發(fā)生 —Maybe you’ll end up as a lawyer,like me. 也許你會(huì)像我一樣，最終成為律師。 —God forbid! 但愿不會(huì)這樣！ 練:We forbid_____________________ here.Who has permitted you________________ here? A.to smoke;to smoke B.smoking;to smoke C.smoking;smoking D.to smoke;smoking 提示:依據(jù)forbid doing sth.排除A、D項(xiàng)；依據(jù)permit sb.to do sth.確定答案為B。 答案:B 1.set an example to 講：該詞組的義項(xiàng)有“做出榜樣”。 例:He sets an example to the other students. =He sets the other students an example. 他為其他學(xué)生樹立了榜樣。 She studies hard and sets a good example to all of us. 她學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，給我們所有人樹立了好榜樣。 鏈接提示 (1)for example=for instance (2)take...for example 以……為例 (3)follow sb.’s example=follow the example of sb.學(xué)習(xí)某人的榜樣 (4)make an example of sb.懲罰某人以儆他人 練:Lei Feng__________________ the young people the country. A.was set an example for;all over B.was set an example to;across C.set an example to;throughout D.set an example for;across 提示:throughout the country或all over the country的意思是“全國”；“某人給某人樹立榜樣”應(yīng)為sb.set an example to sb.。 答案:C 2.from...on 講：該詞組的義項(xiàng)有“從……時(shí)起”。 例:She left in 1984 and from then on she lived alone. 她于1984年離開，打那時(shí)起一直獨(dú)居。 She never spoke to him from that day on. 從那天起她就再?zèng)]和他說話。 鏈接提示 (1)(every)now and then=(every)now and again=from time to time時(shí)常，不時(shí) (2)then and there=there and then 當(dāng)場;立即 I took one look at the car and offered to buy it there and then. 我看了一眼汽車便當(dāng)場答應(yīng)買下來。 (3)but then=then again=but then again 但是；但是另一方面 She was early,but then again,she always is. 她來得早，不過她總是早來。 練:My college friends and I write to each other_______________ ,even when there’s not much to say. A.now and then B.by and by C.step by step D.more or less 提示:根據(jù)題干后半部分提供的信息，此題應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)，now and then表示“不時(shí)地;每隔些時(shí)候就”,其余三項(xiàng)都與題干后半部分相矛盾。 答案:A 3.at first sight 講：該詞組的義項(xiàng)有“乍一看；初看之下”。 例:At first sight the problem seems easy. 乍看起來，這個(gè)問題似乎很容易。 Though she changed much,I recognized her at first sight. 雖然她變化很大，我還是一眼就認(rèn)出了她。 鏈接提示 由sight構(gòu)成的詞組，注意sight前常不用冠詞: (1)at(the)sight of 一看到…… The lady fainted at(the)sight of blood pouring from his wound. 一看到血從他的傷口涌出，那位女士便昏過去了。 (2)in sight在視野之內(nèi) (3)out of sight在視野之外 (4)catch(get,gain)sight of看到;lose sight of 看不到 (5)e into sight 進(jìn)入視野 練:For miles around me there was nothing but a desert,without a single plant or tree______________. A.on earth B.for distance C.in sight D.at place 提示:句意為:我周圍數(shù)英里之內(nèi)，除了沙漠之外，什么都沒有，連一棵植物或樹都看不到。故選用in sight(在視野內(nèi))。 答案:C 句型 1.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 講:注意觀察下面教材原句: What all these groups have in mon is that they ask to be treated with respect,share the right to work,good housing conditions,and education and be treated equally to other people,regardless of race,religion or sex. 這些團(tuán)體所共有的愿望是要求受到尊重，享有工作、好的居住條件和受教育的權(quán)利以及在各方面受到平等對(duì)待,不會(huì)顧及他們的種族、宗教信仰或性別。 例:You are what you eat. 你的飲食習(xí)慣決定著你的人生。 Terrorists declared war on the United States,and war is what they got. 恐怖分子向美國宣戰(zhàn)，而他們得到的就是戰(zhàn)爭。 鏈接提示 連接代詞what=the thing which,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“……的人(事)”，其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句可作主語、表語或賓語。掌握what從句的關(guān)鍵是弄清what的“分身術(shù)”:既在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語或賓語，what從句又充當(dāng)主句中的主語、表語或賓語。 練:Action,not talk,was____________________ she graded her students on. A.that B.how C.what D.which 提示:此處用what引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“她評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生的行動(dòng)而不是聽他們說的”。what的意思是“……的”。 答案:C 辨析 1.fight for,fight against,fight with (1)fight for意為“為……而戰(zhàn);為爭取……而戰(zhàn)”。 (2)fight against:①接事物名詞，意為“為反對(duì)……而斗爭”。②接人或國家名詞，意思是“與……戰(zhàn)斗”。 (3)fight with:①接人或國家名詞，表示“與……(并肩)戰(zhàn)斗”。②接人或國家名詞，意思是“與……戰(zhàn)斗”(=fight against)。 即時(shí)練習(xí): 用with,against或for填空 (1)Two dogs fight a bone,and__________________ a third runs away with it. (2)England fought_______________ France_______________ Germany in the war of 19141918. (3)They are fighting______________ better working conditions. (4)They were fighting______________ the enemy to gain their freedom. (5)They fought______________ the Italians in the last war and against them in this. 答案:(1)for (2)with,against/with (3)for(4)against (5)with 2.such as,for example (1)for example作為插入語可以放在句首、句中或句末，放在句首，其后用逗號(hào);放在句中，前后用逗號(hào);放在句末，其前用逗號(hào)。 (2)such as放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as之后切不可用逗號(hào)。 即時(shí)練習(xí): (1)Noise,_______________ is a kind of pollution. (2)I know many students of your school,Wang Ling, _______________. (3)He can speak five foreign languages, _______________German and French. (4)He knows several languages, _______________,he knows English and Japanese. (5)Boys_______________ John and James are very friendly. 答案:(1)for example (2)for example(3)such as (4)for example (5)such as 誘思：實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥 【例1】(xx全國高考Ⅰ)The hero’s story_______________ differently in the newspapers. A.was reported B.was reporting C.reports D.reported 提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，由于report的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因而應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，而且story與report之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A 講評(píng):解考查語態(tài)的題時(shí)，要注意句子主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 【例2】(xx重慶高考)Millions of pounds worth of damage _________ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B.had been caused C.will be caused D.will have been caused 提示:由句中l(wèi)ast night可知storm已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而由此造成的損失缺與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 答案:A 講評(píng):解考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的題，首先要依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)，然后依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系確定語態(tài)。 【例3】(xx北京高考)—Why did you leave that position? —I_______________ a better position at IBM. A.offer B.offered C.am offered D.was offered 提示:問句中用了一般過去時(shí)，詢問的是過去的客觀事實(shí)，因此答語中也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；主語I與謂語offer之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 講評(píng):本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。在交際用語中，要求對(duì)語境有充分、正確的理解。