新目標(biāo)新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)八年級(jí)(下下)Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells?Unit 6Discuss the following questions:Did youlast night/yesterday?When did you start?I startedatHow long have you?I haveforHow long have you been doing?Ive been doingfor+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間since+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) Yao Ming1980:be born1989 2011:play basketballHe started playing basketball in 1989.He has been playing basketball since 1989.He has been playing basketball for 20 years.Li Yuchun 1984:be born1987 2011:singHow long has she been singing?When did she start singing?She started singing in 1987.She has been singing for 22 years.since 1987.成龍成龍(Jackie Chan)1954:be born1961now:actHe has been acting for 49 years.How long has Jackie Chan been acting?He has been acting since 1961.Michael Jackson 1958:be born1963 2009:singerHow long has Michael Jackson been a singer?Michael Jackson has been a singer for 45 years.A:Whats your hobby?B:A:How long have you been?B:I have been for/since.1.How long did you sleep last night?2.When did you start class today?3.How long have you been in class today?I slept for hours last night.We started class at today.I have been in class for hours today.QuestionsIve been skating for five hours.How long have you been skating?1b Listening How long?AlisonSamVictor Celia Ive been skating for five hours.I skated for four hours.Ive been skating for five hours.I skated for two hours.PAIRWORK Ask and answer questions about the people in the picture.A:How long has Alison been skating?B:Shes been skating for five hours.A:How long did Sam skate?B:He skated for four hours.2a Listening 1.How long did you skate today?2.How long have you been skating today?3.Was this your first skating marathon?4.Do you skate every day?5.When did you get your first pair of skates?6.How long have you been skating?Questions 1.How long did you skate today?2.How long have you been skating today?3.Was this your first skating marathon?4.Do you skate every day?5.When did you get your first pair of skates?6.How long have you been skating?2b ListeningAnswersa.No,I skated in a marathon last year.b.Yes,I do.c.For six hours.d.Since I was seven years old.1.Congratulations on winning the skating marathon!Congratulations!祝賀你！祝賀你！Congratulations on doing sth.祝賀你做了某事祝賀你做了某事2.I skated in a marathon last year.我在去年的一場(chǎng)馬拉松比賽中滑過(guò)冰。我在去年的一場(chǎng)馬拉松比賽中滑過(guò)冰。3.How long did you skate?(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí))How long have you been skating?(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))How long have you been here?(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))How long?多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?(疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句)e.g.:How long have you been waiting?你已經(jīng)等了多久你已經(jīng)等了多久?How long will the meeting last?會(huì)議將持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間會(huì)議將持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?4.I have been collecting shells for five years.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞,表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并有肯能持續(xù)下去。并有肯能持續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這種用法多用于延續(xù)性現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這種用法多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞,比如：比如：work,live,study等等,它所表它所表示的動(dòng)作可能一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止示的動(dòng)作可能一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止,或或可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。以表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的重復(fù)性動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的語(yǔ)法作用(1)在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束,還要繼續(xù)下還要繼續(xù)下去。如：去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours,but I havent finished it.這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了,但我還沒(méi)讀完。但我還沒(méi)讀完。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一貫是這樣工作的。她一貫是這樣工作的。(3)動(dòng)作不包含持續(xù)意義的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作不包含持續(xù)意義的動(dòng)作,要表示要表示延延 續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Theyve been building a ship.他們一直在造一艘船。他們一直在造一艘船。(在進(jìn)行在進(jìn)行)(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這 段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。最近我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。2c PAIRWORKA:How long have you been skating?B:Ive been skating since I was seven years old.定義定義:表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開始表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開始,一直延一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間續(xù)到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,常有可能持常有可能持續(xù)下去續(xù)下去,常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。此時(shí)態(tài)包含現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義此時(shí)態(tài)包含現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,也包含也包含現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):1.for+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 2.since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) 3.since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：have/has been+V-ing+注意注意:for表示時(shí)間的持續(xù)表示時(shí)間的持續(xù),后跟時(shí)間段。后跟時(shí)間段。表示一段時(shí)間表示一段時(shí)間,多與帶數(shù)詞的名詞連用多與帶數(shù)詞的名詞連用,謂語(yǔ)需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。since表示表示“自從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)自從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)”,后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。since后可接表時(shí)間的名詞后可接表時(shí)間的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)或名詞短語(yǔ),也可接一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。也可接一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Ive been studying English for two years.Ive been studying English since two years ago.He has been collecting shells since he was ten.否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+doing (現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)1.I havent been writing the letter for two hours.2.He hasnt been sleeping for 4 hours.3.一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+been 4.+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞）現(xiàn)在分詞）?5.1.Have you been writing the letter for two hours?6.2.Has he been sleeping for 4 hours?QuestionsAnswers DifferenceHow long did you do?I did forstopHow long have you been doing?I have been doing for since nine oclock since 1995.since ten year ago.since I was years old.continue現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 這兩種時(shí)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作雖然都發(fā)這兩種時(shí)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作雖然都發(fā)生在過(guò)去生在過(guò)去,但是但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的持續(xù)或進(jìn)行是動(dòng)作的持續(xù)或進(jìn)行,而而一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)則則只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系。例如：什么聯(lián)系。例如：He has been swimming since four oclock.他從四點(diǎn)起一直在游泳。他從四點(diǎn)起一直在游泳。(現(xiàn)在還在游現(xiàn)在還在游)He swam at four oclock.四點(diǎn)鐘他在游泳。四點(diǎn)鐘他在游泳。(不涉及現(xiàn)在是否還在游不涉及現(xiàn)在是否還在游)How long has she been dancing?She has been dancingfor 3 hours.since 3 hours ago.3 hours45 minutesHow long has she been learning?She has been learningfor 45 minutes.since 45 minutes ago.What is/are doing?How long has/have.been?Using since/for:45 minutes half an hour 2 year 5 years 1 hour 2 hours一、選擇填空一、選擇填空()1.Ive been skating _ three hours today.A.about B.forC.since()2.Weve been studying English _ two years ago.A.for B.fromC.sinceBC()3.She started skating _ 9 oclock.A.for B.at C.since()4.Sam _ collecting shells for five years.A.isB.started C.has been()5.How long have you _ today?A.swimming B.been swimming C.started swimmingBCB二、用二、用 for或或since填空填空1.I have been practicing my oral English _ 10:30.2.Mary has been running _ 15 minutes.3.Sarah has been sleeping _ 9:00.4.Dale has been talking on the phone _ 5 minutes.sinceforsincefor5.Louie has been studying Chinese _ he was 6 years old.6.I have been watching you _ 10 minutes.7.Lana has been running _ 15 minutes8.Tom has been sleeping _ 9:00.sinceforforsince9.He has been living here _ 2001.10.She has been doing her homework _ two hours.11.I have been watching TV _ 10 minutes.12.How long has Mary been a teacher?_ two years ago.sinceSinceforforIII.將下列漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)。將下列漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.雨已經(jīng)下了兩個(gè)星期了。雨已經(jīng)下了兩個(gè)星期了。_2.你奶奶從年輕時(shí)就一直運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？你奶奶從年輕時(shí)就一直運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？是的是的,她一直運(yùn)動(dòng)。她一直運(yùn)動(dòng)。_It has been raining for two weeks.Has your grandmother been doing sports since she was young?Yes,she has.3.這些天他一直沒(méi)有打籃球。這些天他一直沒(méi)有打籃球。_When did you start collecting stamps?