modal verbGrammar ( 陶 文 武 ) 情 態(tài) 動 詞 有 一 定 的 意 義 ， 但 沒 有 人 稱 和 數(shù) 的變 化 ， 不 能 獨(dú) 立 使 用 ， 它 和 后 面 的 動 詞 構(gòu) 成謂 語 只 作 情 態(tài) 動 詞 的 can/could, may/might, ought to， must可 情 態(tài) 可 實(shí) 義 的 need, dare/dared可 情 態(tài) 可 助 動 詞 的 shall/should, will/would相 當(dāng) 于 情 態(tài) 動 詞 的 have to, used to Must , can/could, may/might 的用法must1.Must 表示推測時(shí)， 只能用于肯定句。這 個(gè) 電 腦 肯 定 出 了 問 題 。There must be something wrong with the computer.你 努 力 學(xué) 了 一 整 天 ， 一 定 累 了 吧You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 2.Must +be doing/do 表示對現(xiàn)在的動作進(jìn)行肯定推測 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說He must be reading novels now.他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money. 3.Must +have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定判斷他們在玩籃球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.路是濕的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night. can/could 1. can /could 表示推測時(shí)，只能用在否定句或疑問句中。Its so late. Can Tom be reading?這么晚了，湯姆還在看書嗎？這個(gè)人不可能是瑪麗， 她生病了。It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.她不可能在說謊。She couldnt be telling lies. 2. can/could have done 對過去發(fā)生行為的可能性進(jìn)行推測:剛才我還看見他了， 所以他不可能出國的。 I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.門是鎖著的， 所以她不可能在家。The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home. 3. can/could have done “本可以，本來可能已經(jīng)”用于肯定句中，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情做出的判斷， 你本來可以考的更好。You could have had a better mark.may/might1.May/might表示推測時(shí)，只能用于陳述句，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動作把握不大。她們明天可能會到這里來。They may come here tomorrow. 他們可能還在等我們呢。They may be still waiting for us.2.might 可用于指過去的行為或者表示可能性更小。他也許在作功課吧。He might be doing his homework now.我問他我是否可以離開。I asked him if I might leave.I asked him “May I leave now?” 3.might/may have done,表示對過去發(fā)生的動作進(jìn)行可能性推測， 他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He may have gone to the clinic.他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper. Will /Would you do? 表 請 求表 意 志 ， 愿 望 ， 決 心would表 過 去 反 復(fù) 發(fā) 生 得 動 作 或 某 種 傾 向 “ 總 是 ,總 要 ”used to表 過 去 常 常 （ 現(xiàn) 在 已 沒 有 這 種 習(xí) 慣 ） “ 過 去 常 常 ”used to 可 于 狀 態(tài) 動 詞 連 用 would不 可 以eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ( )He would be a quiet boy. ( ) will/would 1. - Will you go skating with me this winter vacation? - It _ . ( 2002上 海 ) all depended B. all dependsC. is all depended D. is all depending解析：答案B。It all depends 是 “ 不 確 定 ” 、“ 看 情 況 ” 的 意 思 。高考鏈接B 2. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.( 2004重 慶 )A. I realized B. I had realizedC. had I realized D. did I realize解 析 ： 答 案 為 D. 句 首 為 “ only + 副 詞 ” 時(shí) ，句 子 要 用 部 分 倒 裝 語 序 ； 根 據(jù) 語 境 應(yīng) 為 一般 過 去 時(shí) 態(tài) 。D 3. - I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! - _ . ( 2004全 國 ) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I答 案 B。 第 一 個(gè) 句 子 使 用 了 would, 用 neither表 示 附 和 的 意 義 時(shí) ， 助 動 詞 應(yīng) 與 上 文 一 致 。B When you are very sure of something, you use must in positive sentences and cannot or cant in negative sentences.e.g. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. It cant be true! I dont believe it.When you are quite sure about something, you use can. e.g. Attending a ball can be exciting.Practice 1 When you think that something is possible, but you are not very sure, you use could, may or might.e.g.You could borrow some jewellery from your friend Jeanne, who is married to a rich man.You may not know that the necklace I returned is not the one that I had borrowed.Dont you have a friend who might lend you some jewellery? Practice 2:表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose. 表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.肯 定 的 推 測可 能 的 推 測否 定 的 推 測疑 問 的 推 測must 對 將 來 對 現(xiàn) 在 對 過 去情 態(tài) 動 詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常 見 must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可 以 用 not表 示 “ 可 能 不 ” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這 時(shí) ， 我 們 老 師 想 必 在 批 改 試 卷 。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you. 你 媽 媽 一 定 一 直 在 找 你 。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking 5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲 利 普 可 能 在 車 禍 中 受 了 重 傷 .6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 邁 克 一 定 還 沒 有 找 回 他 的 車 ， 因 為 早 上 他 是 坐 公 共 汽 車 來 上 班 的 。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found