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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材課文要點(diǎn)Module2AJobWorthDoing夯基提能作業(yè)外研版必修 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 　　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A (xx課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,D) The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them being more isolated(隔絕) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom-made navigation(導(dǎo)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.” “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.” “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A.To explore new means of transport. B.To design new types of cars. C.To find out older drivers’ problems. D.To teach people traffic rules. 2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A.It keeps them independent. B.It helps them save time. C.It builds up their strength. D.It cures their mental illnesses. 3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A.Improve their driving skills. B.Develop driver-assist technologies. C.Provide tips on repairing their cars. D.Organize regular physical checkups. 4.What is the best title for the text? A.A New Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problems C.Driving Services for Elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road B (xx山東青島二模,A) “Oh, my god. Are you serious?” That’s a reaction I often get when people hear the tale of my childhood. It’s a story I don’t often share. Growing up in a bad home, I learned to protect myself by not speaking up. I’ve seldom said anything about how badly I was treated and hurt as a child. I don’t talk about how my name was changed at least three times, what it was like to live in my van(箱式貨車),or how I’ve struggled with anxiety, depression, and wanting to kill myself. But I learned to start speaking up for myself. I went on to earn two graduate degrees and I will plete my Doctor’s degree this year. I’ve also bee a widely published author. So, how did I get to where I am today? What’s helped me is surrounding myself with caring, loving people. I’ve learned day-to-day skills through research, trial and error, and with the help of skilled professionals. They’ve taught me how to slow down, to breathe, to be thankful for what I’ve got. They’re the ones who make my goals possible. They have also taught me to turn my past experiences into strength—to make the negatives into positives. My hope is that sharing my story might help others to see what is possible even in the darkest times and help others to speak out. I don’t think I’m in any way special or unique. I’m a mon man, no more deserving than anyone else. But for far too long, I’ve been afraid that others think I’m damaged goods. I’ve worried about how I might be treated differently. Pain and fear teach us to be silent. It’s time for that to change. I don’t know what tomorrow might bring. But one thing I’ve learned is that if we can hold on and find help, if we find ways to get through the day and speak up, we’ll not only survive, but bee stronger than before. Our very survival can be an inspiration all on its own. And with love of my friends, I look forward to so much more than pleting my education—I look forward to the future. 5.Which might not be related to the author’s childhood? A.Depression. B.Disappointment. C.Desperation. D.Trust. 6.How did the writer get today’s success? A.With the help of his parents. B.Learning by himself. C.Holding on and finding help from others. D.Being special and talented. 7.What’s the author’s purpose of sharing his story? A.To bee stronger than before. B.To encourage others to make the most of their dark times of life. C.To bee a better publisher. D.To change the ways to speak up. 8.What can we learn from the author’s experience? A.We should overe the difficulty depending on ourselves. B.We should keep silent when meeting pain and fear. C.Managing to survive when in trouble can make us stronger. D.Our childhood life decides our future. Ⅱ.語法填空 　　閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 According to the data from population reports and the statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in xx　1　(live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks　2　the top five nations with the longest life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命). 　3　major contributor to Japan’s high life expectancy and overall health is their diet. According to a recent study　4　(publish)by the BMJ, Japanese people　5　kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15-year study had a mortality rate(死亡率)15% lower than those who did not. Furthermore, those who　6　keep were also　7　(little)likely to suffer from some diseases. Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare　8　(break)the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the“Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top”. Though the Japanese diet gives special　9　(important)to high intake of fish and soybean products instead of fat, it is　10　(general)a balance of grains, vegetables, fish, meat, milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員為了理解老年司機(jī)面臨的生活挑戰(zhàn)和壓力而進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究。他們想通過研究,找到一套切實(shí)可行的技術(shù)方案,以延長老年人的開車時(shí)間,確保他們的開車安全。 1.C　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段中的in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers和第六段中的is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers可知,答案選C。 2.A　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句中的preserving their independence可以得知A項(xiàng)正確。 3.B　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第三段和最后一段可知,研究人員希望他們可以研究出一套技術(shù)方案,幫助老年司機(jī)繼續(xù)安全開車,故選B。 4.D　主旨要義題。由第三段最后一句話中的help them to continue driving into later life可知答案選D。 B [語篇解讀]　作者有一個(gè)悲慘的童年,提起他的童年經(jīng)歷沒人會(huì)相信。但是現(xiàn)在作者獲得了兩個(gè)碩士學(xué)位,正在讀博士。同時(shí)作者還是一個(gè)作家。他是怎么一步一步做到的呢? 5.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的how I’ve struggled with anxiety, depression, and wanting to kill myself可知,作者的童年時(shí)期經(jīng)歷過焦慮、抑郁沮喪和想要自殺,即depression, disappointment and desperation,唯獨(dú)沒有經(jīng)歷過信任(trust),所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 6.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的I’ve learned day-to-day skills through research, trial and error, and with the help of skilled professionals.可知,作者通過每天探索,反復(fù)嘗試,也在專家的幫助下學(xué)習(xí),也就是通過自己的堅(jiān)持和別人的幫助,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 7.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段中的My hope is that sharing my story might help others to see what is possible even in the darkest times and help others to speak out.可知,作者分享自己的童年故事是為了幫助別人在生活最黑暗的日子也要看到希望。所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 8.C　主旨大意題。本文通過作者自己的成長經(jīng)歷,來告訴讀者即便是在生活最黑暗的日子也不要放棄,充分利用這些經(jīng)歷讓自己更加強(qiáng)壯直到成功。所以答案為C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng):我們應(yīng)該靠自己取得成功。B項(xiàng):在遇到痛苦和恐懼的時(shí)候我們要保持沉默。D項(xiàng):我們的童年生活決定了我們的未來。這三項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。 Ⅱ.語法填空 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。根據(jù)世界銀行的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字,日本人的平均壽命在世界上名列前五名,這和日本的傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)。 1.lived　根據(jù)本句中in xx可知本句需用一般過去時(shí)。 2.among　rank在這里為不及物動(dòng)詞,故設(shè)空處需用介詞。among意為“……之一”。 3.A　設(shè)空處后的contributor為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故與不定冠詞連用。 4.published　本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。被修飾詞study與publish為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示完成,故用過去分詞形式作定語。 5.who/that　本句中Japanese people had a mortality rate(死亡率)15% lower than those...為主句,“　5　kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15-year study”為定語從句,先行詞為Japanese people,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語,先行詞指人,故答案為who或that。 6.did　本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)?！皐ho　 6　keep”為定語從句,根據(jù)上下文可知該從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí),故設(shè)空處填did。 動(dòng)詞原形前加助動(dòng)詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 7.less　句意:此外,那些真正保持日本傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣的人們患一些疾病的可能性也更小。根據(jù)上句中l(wèi)ower than可推知本空也需用比較級形式。 8.breaks　根據(jù)本段中的gives(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)),可推知本空的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語“Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”為第三人稱單數(shù),故答案為breaks。 9.importance　此處需用名詞形式作動(dòng)詞gives的賓語。 10.generally　此處需用副詞形式作狀語。