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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習第一部分教材課文要點Module6WarandPeace夯基提能作業(yè)外研版選修 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 　　閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。 A peace treaty is a formal agreement between two or more countries that have formerly been at war.The treaty is a contract designed to cease wars immediately or other requirements to ensure peace.Many of the most famous wars of history ended with a peace treaty.In modern times,plicated conflicts often call for a more detailed resolution than a simple treaty. Wars are conducted by governments or other opposing bodies for a variety of reasons.When one force has superior bat strength,the war often ends with bloody conquest.When forces are evenly matched,or nearly so,fighting can last for months or years,with tremendous losses on both sides.In these cases,diplomacy often triumphs where strong force fails to resolve the conflict.A peace treaty is a mon way for opposing forces to end wars and begin the process of rebuilding. In modern history,Paris has long been the site for the signing of peace treaties,as it is often a neutral (中立的) location.The American Revolution ended with the 1783 Paris Peace Treaty,while Napoleon acknowledged defeat with the Treaty of Paris in 1815. During the Indian wars of the 18th and 19th centuries,the American government got a bad prestige for disregarding treaties it had previously signed with Native American tribes,which led to more battles.The Treaty of Versailles,which officially ended World War Ⅰ in 1919,imposed serious punishments on Germany,the defeated party.These punishments damaged the German economy and caused bitter anger among the German people.Many historians believe these conditions led to the rise of the Nazi party and the Second World War. In modern times,war rarely ends with a prehensive peace treaty.The Vietnam War,the Korean Conflict,and France’s Algerian War ended with agreements that slowed bat gradually over a period of years rather than bringing an immediate peace.Modern war is a messy business that is difficult to control through such civilized measures as a signed contract.Nevertheless,diplomats work diligently to ensure that conflicts are resolved,one way or the other by eventual peace. 1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Wars will last for long when the bat strength of both sides is similar. B.World War Ⅰ in 1919 ended up with the sign of the Treaty of Versailles. C.German Nazi party rose because it was defeated during World War Ⅰ in 1919. D.True peace requires the diplomats’ diligent work and people’s awareness. 2.What does the writer mainly tell us in Paragraph 4? A.A peace treaty is often ignored by the defeated side. B.Some countries don’t want to sign peace treaties. C.A peace treaty does not always mean the end of wars. D.The defeated side often suffers greatly from punishments. 3.It can be inferred from the passage that　　　. A.peace treaties are less effective in modern times B.the stronger side suffers more during a war C.peace treaties are often signed by neutral countries D.there are more conflicts or wars in modern times 4.The underlined word in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “　　　”. A.power B.experience C.reputation D.influence Ⅱ.完形填空 　　閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 (xx河南豫北名校聯(lián)盟精英賽) 　　Fireworks are beautiful and we all enjoy appreciating them. But let’s stop and think about the price that we　1　for just a few minutes of 　2　. To begin with, the amount of money we spend on fireworks is　3　. The excitement is gone　4　. Let’s face it:what we are really doing is burning　5　. Yet,year after year,thousands of cities and towns spend our tax dollars on fireworks displays. Those tax dollars would be put to much better　6　feeding our hungry and housing our homeless. Second,there is the matter of　7　. Fireworks contain chemicals that are harmful to people and animals. Over the years,these chemicals will　8　the air we breathe and the water we drink. Third, let’s　9　the trash left behind after a fireworks display. What a　10　! One would probably expect that those who　11　the fireworks would have the politeness to　12　 the trash afterwards.　13　, they don’t. The mess they leave behind　14　the kind of attitude many Americans have toward our　15　. Fourth,fireworks are　16　. Some fireworks can damage your hearing,especially the fireworks used in public displays that give off a big BANG.Losing your　17　is too high a price to pay. 　18　all the safety warnings, we still see injuries and deaths as a result of fireworks. Approximately 10,000 Americans are injured every year by fireworks. In my view,all consumer fireworks should be　19　. Public fireworks displays should be kept to a minimum and should be paid for through volunteer funding,not tax dollars. Finally,those people in　20　of fireworks displays should be responsible for cleaning up the mess they make. 1.A.give away B.decide on C.pay D.raise 2.A.invitation B.hesitation C.excitement D.development 3.A.limited B.worthless C.necessary D.unreasonable 4.A.in an instant B.in a whisper C.by accident D.up to now 5.A.failure B.money C.time D.leather 6.A.end B.use C.food D.place 7.Ament B.coincidence C.safety D.health 8.A.give out B.cut down C.pollute D.purify 9.A.think about B.pick out C.cut off D.slide into 10.A.shame B.mess C.pity D.wonder 11.A.set off B.built up C.focused on D.starred in 12.A.save B.leave C.pick up D.figure out 13.A.Therefore B.Anyhow C.Otherwise D.However 14.A.changes B.reflects C.adopts D.shares 15.A.behavior B.neighbourhood C.society D.environment 16.A.beautiful Bplex C.bright D.noisy 17.A.memory B.hearing C.life D.sight 18.A.Despite B.Besides C.Beyond D.Without 19.A.encouraged B.discussed C.forbidden D.produced 20.A.charge B.need C.honor D.case Ⅲ.短文改錯 　　(xx安徽皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞; 2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。 　　When Molly’s father was about to work, his daughter Molly, aged 8, hand him a bag. The father was in hurry so he didn’t know what was inside. While having lunch, he took out the contents: a plastic dinosaur, a tiny sea shell and three small stone. The busy father smiled, finished eating, and sweeping the desk clean into the dustbin include Molly’s bag. This evening, Molly wanted her bag back because she had not made a note into it: I love you, Daddy. The father went to his office hurried, carrying the junk home. He asked Molly to tell her about the contents. It was turned out that everything in the bag had a story. To Molly they were not junk and treasures! 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 [語篇解讀]　戰(zhàn)爭的雙方簽署了和平條約,就真正意味著戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束嗎? 1.A　細節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的“When forces are evenly matched,or nearly so,fighting can last for months or years”可知,當交戰(zhàn)的雙方勢均力敵的時候,戰(zhàn)爭會持續(xù)更長的時間。 2.C　主旨大意題。通讀本段可知,作者在本段列舉了例子說明:盡管戰(zhàn)爭的雙方簽署了和平條約,但是這并非真正意味著戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束,有時候會因為某一方的忽視而導致更多的戰(zhàn)爭。 3.A　推理判斷題。從第一段中的“In modern times,plicated conflicts often call for a more detailed resolution than a simple treaty.” 以及最后一段中的“In modern times,war rarely ends with a prehensive peace treaty.”可知,在當今世界和平條約對于真正消除戰(zhàn)爭所起到的作用并不是很大。 4.C　詞義猜測題。由“for disregarding treaties it had previously signed with Native American tribes,which led to more battles”可知,美國政府沒有尊重先前與印第安人部落簽署的條約,因此在國際上的聲譽很不好。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [語篇解讀]　煙花雖美,轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。最重要的是,它的燃放給我們的生活和健康以及環(huán)境帶來一定的影響。作者就“是否應(yīng)該燃放煙花”發(fā)表了自己的看法。 1.C　句意:但讓我們停下來思考一下為了那幾分鐘的興奮我們付出(pay)了多大的代價。根據(jù)本句中But及設(shè)空處后的for可推知答案為C項。 2.C　煙花只能給我們帶來短暫的興奮,故答案為C項。另外,第二段第二句中的“The excitement”也有暗示。 3.D　根據(jù)后面的論述可知:作者認為我們在煙花上的花費不合理(unreasonable)。 4.A　那種興奮轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝(gone in an instant)。in an instant立即,很快。 5.B　作者認為在煙花上的花費是在“燒錢(burning money)”。 6.B　那些稅款本可以被更好地利用,比如解決吃飯和住房問題。put sth. to (good) use(很好地)運用。 7.D　根據(jù)下文的chemicals that are harmful to people and animals可知,本段談?wù)摰氖侨挤艧熁ńo人們帶來的健康(health)問題。故答案為D項。 8.C　此處指煙花中的化學物質(zhì)會污染(pollute)空氣和水。 9.A　第三,讓我們考慮(think about)一下煙花表演后留下的垃圾吧。 10.B　燃放煙花之后,往往是一片狼藉。What a mess!真是一片狼藉!下文的The mess也是提示。 11.A　人們認為那些燃放(set off)煙花的人隨后會收拾垃圾。 12.C　pick up收拾,撿起。 13.D　前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選D。 14.B　人們放完煙花便揚長而去,這反映(reflect)出許多美國人對待環(huán)境 (environment)的態(tài)度。 15.D　解析見上題。 16.D　根據(jù)下文的Some fireworks can damage your hearing可知,本段談?wù)摰氖侨挤艧熁〞圃煸胍簟? 17.B　根據(jù)上文的damage your hearing可知答案為B項。 18.A　“有安全警示”和“燃放煙花導致傷亡”之間為讓步關(guān)系,故選A。 19.C　綜合上文作者的觀點可以得知作者反對私人燃放煙花,故此處選C。 20.A　負責(in charge of)燃放煙花的人員應(yīng)該把垃圾打掃干凈。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 1.第一句:hand→handed　根據(jù)句子中的動詞時態(tài)was和didn’t可知,時態(tài)為一般過去時。 2.第二句:in后加a　考查固定搭配:in a hurry匆忙的。 3.第三句:stone→stones　由three可知stone要用復數(shù)形式。 4.第四句:sweeping→swept　并列連詞and連接三個并列的謂語動詞:smiled, finished and swept。 5.第四句:include→including　此處應(yīng)用介詞including,意為“包括……在內(nèi)”。 6.第五句:This→That　句意:那天晚上,莫莉想要回她的包……。根據(jù)句意可知this要改為that。 7.第六句:hurried→hurriedly　考查副詞hurriedly修飾謂語動詞went to。 8.第七句:her→him　他(爸爸)要她(莫莉)告訴他關(guān)于袋子里東西的情況。代詞應(yīng)該指代Molly’s father,應(yīng)該用his。 9.第八句:去掉turned out前的was　句意:結(jié)果證明袋子里的一切都有一個故事。turn out不能用于被動語態(tài)。 10.第九句:and→but　句意:對莫莉來說它們不是垃圾而是寶貝!此處意思上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用but連接。