高考英語中的 “并列平行結(jié)構(gòu) ”及應(yīng)試策略一、 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：由并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上對等的語言成分構(gòu)成。二、并列連詞及詞組(平衡連接詞 )：連接多個平行的詞、短語、分句或者從句。1.單一式： and, or ,but2.短語式： as well as, rather than ,other than, instead of3.相 關(guān) 式 ： both.and,between.and,notonly.but also, from.to,from.until,either.or,neither.nor,the same as, such as,as.as,not.but對連接詞連接的成分 要求：形式對稱；功能相同（充當(dāng)同樣的句子成分） 。并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是名詞和名詞，副詞和副詞，分詞和分詞，不定式和不定式，動詞和動詞，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一個概念用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)，而另一個概念用不定式或從句來表達(dá)。比如下面兩個句子就違反了平行結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)則：Do some nice things for your parents that they dont expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors.三、平行結(jié)構(gòu)主要類型1. 名詞和名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)The patients symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.2. 形容詞和形容詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.3. 副詞和副詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) The work is handsomely and skillfully done.4. 分詞平行結(jié)構(gòu) (現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞與過去分詞 )The boys were running, shouting and laughing.The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.5.動名詞 doing 平行結(jié)構(gòu) Henrys work is reading books and writing book reviews.6.動詞不定式平行結(jié)構(gòu)On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need moneyto pay gardeners andother workers, and to buy plants and young trees.7. 介詞短語平行結(jié)構(gòu)1） Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test,but also on how you participate inclass.2） We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.8. 謂語動詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)謂語形式時態(tài)要一致He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.9. 排列位置的平行1主 not only謂 but also 謂 對Not only 主謂（倒）， 主 +also+謂Not only主謂（倒裝）， but also 謂錯Not only主謂（倒）but 主謂10. 句子的并列（并列句）I was tired, but I felt happy.四、在高考中的體現(xiàn)及解題思路解題思路：當(dāng)并列連詞連接兩項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)對等成分時，這些被連接的成分必須是同一詞性、同一形式。特別要注意出現(xiàn)三項(xiàng)以上(含三項(xiàng) )的并列成分。在短文改錯中的體現(xiàn)：違反平行結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)則是高考短文改錯慣用的出題手段之一。1 I was often a little tired after a day s work and watch TV demands very(1999little全國effort卷短文改錯 )2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.（ 2011 全國 )3 However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly(2004 年天津卷短文改錯）在單選中的體現(xiàn)：1.The house belongs to my aunt but she here any more (2006 年全國卷 )A hasht livedB didn t liveC hadnt livedD doesnt live2. The old couple married for 40 years and never once _with each other. (2003 全國卷 )A. they had quarreled.B. they have quarreledC. have they quarreledD. had they quarreled3. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. （ 1994 ）A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived 不規(guī)則動詞4.website 網(wǎng)站 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting(湖南卷 )A. Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD. Search5. It is worth considering what makes“ convenience ” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your ownA. introducesB. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced6 One learns a language by making mistakes and themA correctB correctingC correctsD to correct7.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launchedThe children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (重慶卷A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin.A. boughtB. buyingC. to buyD. buy10. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _ into a foreign language.A. translatingB. translatedC. were translatedD. had translated用并列平行思維改正以下句子。The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon ， and I was hold up on my way back.用并列平行思維寫出單詞正確形式。The baby in the next room(睡醒 ) and began to cry.(2010 全國 2)He（按下） the button and the doorbell rang.(2009 全國 2)平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)21.He paid more attention to what he ate than_.A. what he woreB. that he woreC. that which he woreD. to what he wore2.He would sooner resign than _ part in such dishonest business deals.A. to takeB. TakingC. takeD. have taken3.Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter is more important than_.A. work harderB. working harderC. to work harderD. to working harder4.I was advised _ for reservation.A. to either telephone or to write the hotelB. either to telephone or to write the hotelC. that I should telephone or either write the hotel D. I ought either to telephone or write the hotel5 Having gone there and _ out the truth, she started to cry.A .findingB. findsC. foundD. to find6.My approach is not to pass the test, but _ the prize.A. rather gettingB. to rather getC. rather to getD. more than getting7.The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _ late.A. but staying upB. than to stay upC. for staying upD. than staying up8.Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus_ the past.A. conserveB. ConservingC. preserveD. preserving9.Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _from the stove.A.you should remove itB. removing itC.to remove itD. remove it10. The purpose of the organization is _ all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.A. greetingB. to greetC. having greetedD. to have greeted11. Its better to die on ones feet than_.A. living on ones kneesB. live on ones kneesC.on ones kneesD. to live on ones knees12. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _ interrogate ( 訊問 ) the computer to find out what would happen if the officers own solution was put into action.A. ought toB. shouldC. dare toD. can13.Either you come in person, or_.A. to entrust someone with the matterB. entrusting someone with the matterC. you entrust someone with the matterD. you entrusted someone with the matter14.The more precise _ ,the more effective the communication.A. a writers wordsB.that a writers wordsC.there are a writers wordsD. they are a writers words15.Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB.not wanting anyoneC.wanted no oneD.to want no one16.I like watching TV_ to the cinema.A.more than to goB. than goingC. more than goingD. rather than to go17.Nowadays people usually prefer driving to_.A. drivingB. driveC.to driveD. drove18. Allen has stated that he has always had a great _ and admiration for the work of the British economist Keynes.A . interestB. interest inC. interesting inD. interested3