2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 閱讀微技能訓(xùn)練 人物傳記I. 任務(wù)傳記類類文章的特點(diǎn)Example 1 When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951，her mother told her，“Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesnt work out，youll have something to rely on. ”Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on，“the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course，”she recalls.The show business thing worked out，of course. In her career，Mary won many awards. Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom. “I dont know how to use a puter，”she admits.Unlike her 1995 autobiography，After All，her second book is less about life as an awardwinning actress and more about living with diabetesAll the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)，an organization she serves as international chairman.“I felt there was a need for a book like this，”she says. “I didnt want to lecture，but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when were self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”But she hasnt always practiced what she teaches. In her book，she describes that awful day，almost 40 years ago，when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First，she had lost the baby she was carrying and second，tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈)Years would pass before she realized she had to grow upagainand take control of her diabetes，not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit，overe her addiction to alcohol，and begin to follow a balanced diet.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask，why me？about something or other，”she insists. “It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive e to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”1. Why did Mary feel regretful? A. She didnt achieve her ambition. B. She didnt take care of her mother.C. She didnt plete her high school. D. She didnt follow her mothers advice.2. We can know that before 1995 Mary _.A. had two books published B. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a puter D. supported the JDRF by writing3. Marys second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her _.A. living with diabetes B. successful show businessC. service for an organization D. remembrance of her mother4. When Mary received the life-changing news，she _.A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced dietC. tried to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult waySummary: 人物傳記是記敘文體的一種，主要描寫某人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等，這類文章常采用倒敘的寫作方法，即首先用幾句話來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單介紹這個(gè)人，接著介紹這個(gè)人的出生、成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，然后再記述他(她)一兩件主要的事情或業(yè)績(jī)，來(lái)反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者會(huì)對(duì)他(她)進(jìn)行評(píng)論，從而表達(dá)作者對(duì)他(她)的情感。該類命題既注重考查對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)理解的準(zhǔn)確性，又注重考查推理判斷能力。II. PracticeMost people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies two daughters. Along with nice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Svign in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mothers assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene bined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity (輻射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956.1Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.2Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?A. At the Curie Institute.B. At the University of Paris.C. At a military hospital.D. At the College of Svign.3When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?A. In 1932.B. In 1927.C. In 1897.D. In 1926.4In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?A. Irene worked with radioactivity.B. Irene bined family and career.C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.D. Irene died from leukemia. BMany people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the worlds first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a cars parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Fords. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well- known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile pany. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the pany. That sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model Ts were built in the first few years.5What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1 ?A. He made good use of ideas from others. B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts. D. He invented the production line.6Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills. B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology. D. To raise money for his new pany.7“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to _.A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices B. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor D. the sales target for the Ford pany8What was Henry Fords dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers. B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models. D. Starting more panies. CJacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate (巨頭) Aristotle Onassis, Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life. She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor，first at Viking, then at Doubleday, pursuing a late-life career longer than her two marriages bined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book, The Power of Myth. The book went on to bee an international best-seller. She dealt, too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography，Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote. Her role as First Lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However,few knew that she had achieved so much.9We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline _.Abecame fond of reading after working as an editorBwas in charge of publishing 100 booksCpromoted her books through social relationsDgained a lot from her career as an editor10The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _.AJacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First LadyBJacquelines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editorCJacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First LadyDJacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor11What can be inferred from the passage?AJacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years.BJacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.DJacquelines achievements were widely known.12The passage is mainly _.Aan introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editorBa brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiencesCa brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsDan analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishingDArthur Miller (1915xx) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner pany, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, xx, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.13Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.”C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed14The play Death of a Salesman_.A. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a panyC. talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business15What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner pany.C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.16After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman_.A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly weled by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists17What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.EXAMPLE: 【文章大意】 本文主要介紹了瑪麗摩爾職業(yè)生涯及與病魔之爭(zhēng)。 1. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom. “I dont know how to use a puter，” she admits.可判斷選D。 2. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards.”可判斷選B。3. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“her second book is less about life as an awardwinning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病)”可判斷選A。 4. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow upagainand take control of her diabetes, not let it control her.”可判斷選A。5. C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Mary Moore 所說(shuō)的話“Ive e to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”可推斷她想盡可能地去幫助他人，故選C。A答案與解析1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女兒艾琳居里之所以獲得軍人獎(jiǎng)?wù)率且驗(yàn)樗趽尵葌麊T方面做出了很多貢獻(xiàn)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句可知，艾琳居里是在居里研究所遇到后來(lái)成為她丈夫的弗雷德里克約里奧。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，他們的第一個(gè)孩子出生于1927年，第二個(gè)孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，艾琳居里與自己的母親有很多相似之處，唯一不同的就是，她只獲得一次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，而母親獲得過(guò)兩次。 B答案與解析1A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“What Henry Ford did was to use other peoples ideas and make them better”可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Fords most famous race was his first one.”可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。3C詞義猜測(cè)題。由第四段畫線單詞前的一句“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the pany.”以及畫線單詞所在的一句可知，C項(xiàng)符合題意。4A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的 That sale was the beginning of Henry Fords dream. Ford said：“ I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. making good money will be unable to own one.”可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。C答案與解析1D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文第一段中的“.she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else”可推出她在自己的編輯事業(yè)中獲益很大。故選D項(xiàng)。2. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)畫線句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了這么多成就”可知，畫線句的含義是：她作為第一夫人的角色最終在她作為編輯的出色表現(xiàn)前黯然失色。故選C項(xiàng)。3C推理判斷題。由最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.”即她編輯的書(shū)籍就是她從來(lái)沒(méi)有寫過(guò)的自傳。由此可知，她的觀點(diǎn)和信仰都反映在她所編輯的書(shū)籍中。故選C項(xiàng)。4C主旨大意題。由短文第一段中“.as an editor in the last two decades of her life.”以及整篇文章的敘述可知，本文主要介紹Jacqueline 生命中最后20年的編輯生涯。故選C項(xiàng)。D答案與解析1B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria?Hungary，drawn like so many others by the Great American Dream”可知，他父親移居美國(guó)像其他許多人一樣是受當(dāng)年偉大的美國(guó)夢(mèng)吸引。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這部戲劇對(duì)美國(guó)制度是一個(gè)抨擊，它表現(xiàn)了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及堅(jiān)信金錢和社會(huì)地位才是財(cái)富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意場(chǎng)上殘酷無(wú)情：如果他做不了，那么對(duì)老板而言，他就一無(wú)是處，他必須離開(kāi)。故此部戲劇揭露了美國(guó)職場(chǎng)的殘酷。3C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.”可知主人公面對(duì)失敗無(wú)所適從，無(wú)法面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，從而走向毀滅，成了美國(guó)資本主義制度下美國(guó)夢(mèng)的犧牲者。故選C項(xiàng)。4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，這部戲劇自1949第一次搬上銀幕就獲得了“托尼戲劇音樂(lè)獎(jiǎng)”、“紐約戲劇評(píng)論獎(jiǎng)”、“普利策戲劇獎(jiǎng)”三項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)，獲得極大的成功。因此A項(xiàng)正確。