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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 BookIII Unit4教學案 人教大綱版 理解：要點詮釋 單詞 1.appoint 講： vt.挑選某人做某工作，委任；約定 結構:appoint sb.任命某人 appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人擔任 appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事 例:The president appointed a new director. 總經(jīng)理任命了一位新主任。 We appointed him(as.to be)chairman. 我們選他擔任主席。 The teacher appointed me to call the roll. 老師指派我點名。 The time appointed for the meeting was 10:30. 規(guī)定的開會時間是10點30分。 鏈接提示 appointed adj. 指定的，約定的 at the appointed time在約定的時間； appointment n. 約定，約會 make an appointment with sb. to do sth. 和某人約定做某事; disappoint vt.使……失望; disappointment n.失望 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的事 練:An American may feel angry when he has made a(an)_______with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time. A.decision B.conclusion C.appointment D.date 提示:本句話的意思為“美國人在和別人已經(jīng)約定好的時候又發(fā)現(xiàn)同時還有其他事情會很生氣”，根據(jù)短語搭配和語境得出答案。 答案:C 2.nowhere 講： adv. 無處(相當于not anywhere) 例:—Where are you going at the weekend? 周末你打算去哪兒？ —Nowhere special. 無處可去。 He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him. 他在姐姐的幫助之下作業(yè)才有些進步。 $20 goes nowhere when you are feeding a family these days. 如今要養(yǎng)家的話，二十美元到不了哪兒去。 The children were nowhere to be seen. 孩子們都沒有影了。 鏈接提示 當位于句首時，要使用主謂語倒裝的形式否定副詞還有not,never,little,seldom,hardly等。 練:（xx遼寧模擬） Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else _______such a beautiful palace. A.can you find B.you could find C.you can find D.could you find 提示:本題考查倒裝的句型結構。從時間分析，此處應該表示現(xiàn)在的情況。因為nowhere為否定副詞，位于句首時應該使用主謂倒裝結構。 答案:A 3.promote 講： v.提升；晉級；促進；助長。在表示“提升；晉級”時，常用于被動語態(tài)。 例:She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作努力，很快便獲得提升。 His assistant was promoted over his head. 他的助手獲得了提升，職位超過了他。 The football team was promoted to the first division. 該足球隊已晉級為甲級隊。 The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 該組織旨在促進各國之間的友誼。 The pany is trying to promote a new product. 這家公司在盡力促銷一樣新產(chǎn)品。 鏈接提示 以下動詞或短語也表示“提升”。raise vt.;bring up vt.;go up vi.。在使用時，一定要分清詞性，命題常從語態(tài)入手。 練:The instructor was________ to professor. A.raising B.promoting C.promoted D.risen 提示:此處表示“由講師提升為教授”，故使用promote的被動形式。 答案:C 4.reward 講：n.& v.報答；報償；報酬；酬金；給某人以報酬、獎賞。用于reward sb.for(doing)sth.結構。 例:He worked hard without any hope of reward. 他辛勤工作絲毫不期待報酬。 He was given a medal as a reward for his service. 他因為有功而獲頒一枚獎章。 Is that how you reward me for my help? 那就是你為了我的幫忙而給我的報酬嗎？ Rather than being punished,he should be rewarded. 他應受獎勵而不是受懲罰。 The Nobel Peace Prize for xx was rewarded to Shirin Ebadi,because she made a special contribution to fighting for the basic human rights. Shirin Ebadi女士由于為爭取基本人權作出的努力而被授予xx年度諾貝爾和平獎。 鏈接提示 比較:award v. 頒發(fā)；授予；賞給。用法為:award sth. to sb./award sb. sth.。n.獎金 練:—So why do we_______ the people who do them so poorly? —There can be only one answer－because they are women,and the work is so hard. A.punish B.blame C.reward D.claim 提示:本題考查動詞辨析。從后面一句話所提供的語境分析，此處用動詞reward，表示“獎賞”。 答案:C 短語 1.pass away 講：該短語主要是委婉地表示一個人離開去世 例:His mother passed away last year. 他母親去年去世了。 He passed away peacefully this morning. 今天上午他安詳?shù)剡^世了。 鏈接提示 (1)英語和漢語一樣，表達死亡根據(jù)不同的情況有不同的用詞。普通用詞為die，pass away為委婉的說法。murder為“暗殺”，kill為“殺死”，hang為“絞死”。 (2)pass down 把……傳給后代;pass on 將某物傳交給某人，繼續(xù)前進;pass by從旁邊經(jīng)過;pass off消失;pass through穿過 練:The custom has been ________from generation to generation. A.passed away B.passed down C.passed by D.passed off 提示:根據(jù)句子意思分析，此處用pass down，表示“該風俗一代代地傳下去”。其他短語和語境不相吻合。 答案:B 2.name...after... 講：給……取名；以……來命名…… 該短語中的介詞after表示“依據(jù)，按照”，在美國英語中可以用for。 例:He named his daughter after/for his grandmother. 他以祖母的名字來給他女兒取名。 The island was named after its discoverer,Tasman. 這個島是以它的發(fā)現(xiàn)者塔斯曼的名字來命名的。 鏈接提示 和name相關的短語還有:by name名義上，名叫；by the name of...以……之名；in name only僅在名義上；in the name of以……的名義。 練:Washington,a state in the United States,was named __________one of the greatest American presidents,_________him. A.after;in honour of B.for;in favor of C.after;in praise of D.for;in place of 提示:根據(jù)句意和短語搭配作出選擇?！叭A盛頓市是為了紀念美國的一個總統(tǒng)而以他的名字來命名的?！眓ame after 根據(jù)……來命名，in honor of 紀念。 答案:A 句型 1.強調句式 講:It was the British government that paid for all the equipment. 所有設備都由英國政府付款。 It was Joseph Banks who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research. 是約瑟夫班克斯把英國皇家植物園變成了科技和經(jīng)濟研究中心。 It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory. 達爾文乘“小獵犬號”去加拉帕戈斯群島的活動使他獲得了創(chuàng)建新理論的鑰匙。 強調句型的結構為:It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+其余部分。注意:(1)該句型可以用來強調除謂語以外的各種成分。(2)如果原句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，就用is；如果是過去時態(tài)，就用was。(3)被強調部分是人時，可用that或who，其他一律用that。(4)如果被強調的部分是原句的主語，that/who之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與原主語一致。 例:It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you e from or what you are. 重要的是做這項工作的能力，而不是你來自哪里，是干什么的。 It was for this reason that her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. 正是由于這種原因，她叔叔搬出了紐約，在一個小村里定居。 Was it in the morning that they arrived there? 他們是在今天早晨到那兒的嗎？ What is it that you want me to say? 你想讓我說的到底是什么？ 鏈接提示 特別要注意強調句型和定語從句的區(qū)別。強調句型可在不增加任何成分的前提下還原成陳述句結構，而定語從句不可。在沒有把握時可以進行句型的轉換，來確定是什么句型，據(jù)此選用正確的引導詞。 練:(1)（xx成都診斷檢測） Whether you believe it or not,it is______ that causes your illness. A.because of your overweight B.your being overweight C.because you are overweight D.you are so overweight 提示:本題考查非謂語動詞結構作主語的用法。從句子結構分析，此處為強調主語的強調句型結構，句子的謂語為causes，所以使用v.-ing形式作主語。 答案:B (2)(xx華南師大附中綜合測試) It was with great joy_______ he received the news_______ his lost daughter had been found. A.because;that B.since;which C.for;about D.that;that 提示:本題考查名詞性從句和強調句型的區(qū)別用法。第一個that構成強調句型，第二個 that引導同位語從句，說明news的具體內容。 答案:D 2.although 引導讓步狀語從句 講:請觀察下面教材原句: Although his experiments were designed to support the ideas concerning the influence of environment upon plants,he found that many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next,without influence by the environment. 雖然他的試驗目的是為了驗證環(huán)境對植物的影響，但是他卻發(fā)現(xiàn)許多特性是代代相傳的，并不受環(huán)境的影響。 although引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然”。although引導的從句不能與but,however連用，但可以與yet,still連用。 例:Although it was snowing,it was not very cold. 盡管下著雪，但并不冷。 I was late for the last train although I hurried. 雖然我拼命趕路，還是沒搭上最后一班火車。 鏈接提示 注意比較although和though的區(qū)別:though,although均引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然……”，although較正式，though較常用。though還可以與別的詞結合使用，如even though，as though,而although則不能這樣搭配。though可以用作副詞位于句尾，作“但是、不過”解，還可以用在倒裝句中,although不可。 練: _______I prefer a color TV,I have decided to buy a black and white one this time. A.When B.Although C.Because D.If 提示:本題考查狀語從句的連詞用法。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處應該表示讓步，“盡管……還是……”，所以使用although。 答案:B 辨析 1.look out for,look out 兩個短語都可以表示“當心”，look out表達此意思時，為不及物動詞短語，而look out for后面必須跟名詞或代詞作賓語。 look out往外看；當心；挑選 He stood at the window and looked out(at the view). 他站在窗前向外望(觀看景色)。 Look out! 當心！ He looked out some books for a friend in hospital. 他為住院的朋友選一些書。 look out for 當心；留意 Look out for cars when crossing the street. 過街時當心車輛。 即時練習: _______your step,or you might fall into the water. A.Look out B.Take care C.Mind D.Notice 提示:此句為“腳下留意”的意思。look out,take care后不能直接跟賓語。 答案:C 2.expense,cost expense n. “花費；代價；費用”，表示“花費的錢”時為可數(shù)名詞。短語at sb.’s expense由某人付錢；at great/little/no expense 花費很大／很?。瘺]有花費；at the expense of在損失……的情況下。expensive adj.昂貴的 cost n. “價錢；價格；費用”，這時和expense通?？梢該Q用，cost還可以表示“代價、損失”。短語at the cost of=at the expense of；at cost的意思為“按成本價格”；at all costs不惜一切代價。 即時練習: (1)Most children in Britain are educated at the public _______. (2)I want the best you can supply;you need spare no _______. (3)He finished the job at the_______ of his health. (4)He had his book printed at his own _______. (5)House repairs,holidays and other_______ reduced her bank balance to almost nothing. (6)The goods are sold at _______. (7)We must at all_______ prevent them finding out about the plan. 答案:(1)expense (2)expense (3)cost/expense (4)expense (5)expenses (6)cost (7)costs 誘思：實例點撥 【例1】(xx福建模擬) The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _______. A.turn out Be out C.start out D.go out 提示:turn out(to be) 結果是……，證明為……；e out 出版，發(fā)行；start out 出發(fā)；go out 出去。根據(jù)句意“詞典將出版”，可知e out正確。 答案:B 講評:注意短語動詞的意思要和語境結合起來。