2019年高考總復習 語言基礎知識 考點歸納拓展 Module 2 The Renaissance 外研版選修8effect n效果；作用；影響經(jīng)典例句Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it.(xx全國卷閱讀理解E)她的研究已經(jīng)使她發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個明顯不同的心態(tài)，這兩種心態(tài)對我們?nèi)绾稳獙λ泻艽笥绊憽ave an effect on/upon對產(chǎn)生影響bring/put.into effect 實行，實施，使生效e into effect 開始生效，開始實施take effect 見效，生效，實施in effect實際上；(規(guī)律、法律)有效，在實行中The new tax law will not take effect until January.新稅法到1月份才生效。This Regulation will _ from September 1, xx.本章程自2014年9月1日起施行。答案e into effectblame n過失；責備vt.責備；譴責；把歸咎于經(jīng)典例句You cant blame others unless you start with yourself.(xx天津完形填空)在責備他人之前請先自省。(1)blame sb for sth因某事而責備某人blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人頭上be to blame (for sth)(因某事)應受指責；應負責任(2)take the blame 承擔責任lay/put the blame for sth on sb把某事歸咎于某人It is believed that more than one person may be to blame for the mine accident.大家認為許多人都對這次礦井事故負有責任。If you fail the exam youll only put the blame on yourself.你若考試不及格，只能怪自己。We were ready to _ what had happened.我們準備對所發(fā)生的事承擔責任。答案take the blame for名師點睛 在be to blame (for)短語中，不定式用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。語境巧記He was blamed for the accident，but he blamed it on others.In fact，it is he，rather than others，that is to blame for it.他因這次事故而受責備，但他把它歸咎于別人。實際上，是他而不是別人該為此承擔責任。.單詞拼寫1B_，its all a question of upbringing.2He has had some d_experiences.3I spent the afternoon reading under the s_ of an umbrella.4This kind of material is a good s_ for leather.5Its a great citythe only _(不利因素)is the weather.6He left the teaching _(職業(yè))to set up his own business.7He _(猛沖) out of the house and went as quickly as possible to the riverside.8What she said sounded convincing, but I _(懷疑) it to be a lie.答案1.Basically2.disturbing3.shade4.substitute5drawback6.profession7.dashed8.suspected.單項填空1(xx天津六校三模)For years, scientists have been worried about the _ of air pollution on the earths natural conditions.Aeffect Bresult Caccount Dcause答案A句意：許多年來，科學家們一直擔心空氣污染對地球的自然環(huán)境帶來的影響。effect“影響”；result“結果”；account“敘述；賬目”；cause“原因；事業(yè)”。根據(jù)句意及on可知此處為effect。2(xx資陽一診)I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.Ais to blame Bis going to blameCis to be blamed Dshould blame答案A本句是強調句型，強調的是句子的主語。be to blame表示“(對壞事)負有責任”。blame通常用主動形式表示被動意義。根據(jù)句子的時態(tài)可知應用is to blame。3(xx安徽合肥一中)As we all know, the present world financial crisis still has a negative_ on the development of the economy of every country.Acontribution BeffectCeffort Dstress答案B句意：正如我們所知道的，目前世界性的經(jīng)濟危機仍然對每個國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有消極影響。have an effect on“對有影響”。contribution“貢獻”；effort“努力”；stress“壓力”。.單句改錯1They walked off and left me sit alone._.2It is they that should be to blamed for their stupid mistakes in the work._.答案1.sitsitting2.blamedblame核 心 短 語leave behind 把拋在后面經(jīng)典例句If you ask the fast runner to set the pace, then most of them will be left behind.如果你讓跑得最快的人來定速度，那么他們中的大多數(shù)人都將落后。leave sb/sth alone不要干涉某人/某事leave sb/sthn./adj./v.ing/p.p./to do/介詞短語使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)leave aside 擱置一邊Hes in a bad mood right now. Wed better leave him alone.他現(xiàn)在情緒很糟，我們最好不要打攪他。Ive told you to _.我已經(jīng)告訴過你不可動我的東西。Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car？且不說費用多少，我們真的還需要一輛二手汽車嗎？答案leave my things untouchedon behalf of代表經(jīng)典例句On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感謝。on behalf of sbon ones be half代表某人，為某人的利益in behalf of sbin ones behalf代表某人，為某人的利益represent/ stand for 代表We collected money in behalf of the homeless.我們?yōu)閹椭鸁o家可歸者而募捐。In the Western countries, “V” often _ victory.在西方國家，“V”通常代表勝利。答案stands for集 訓 中 心.選詞填空depend on； on behalf of； take up； get tired of； leave behind； be thirsty for1Whether or not we go on a picnic _ the weather.2We are _ news about holidays.3He set off in a hurry，_ the key _.4_ all the workers, I wele you to our factory.5More and more people are beginning to _ a sport and take exercise regularly.6Tell me if you _ driving and well change over.答案1.depends on2.thirsty for3.leaving；behind4.On behalf of5.take up6.get tired of.單項填空1(xx遼寧)_ everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.ABy means of BOn behalf ofCIn search of DFor fear of答案B考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我代表這里所有的人祝你回國旅途愉快。A項“通過方法”；B項“代表”；C項“尋找”；D項“唯恐，害怕”。2(xx綿陽一診)A second，please. I have another call ing through._. Im not in a hurry.AEnjoy yourself BLeave me aloneCDo as you like DTake your time答案D考查情景交際。句意：稍待片刻，我又有一個電話打進來了。別慌，我并不著急。take ones time別慌，慢慢來。enjoy yourself慢慢享用；leave me alone別管我；do as you like隨你喜歡；愛怎么來就怎么來。根據(jù)句意可知選D項。3Many foreign friends were very excited when the Chang e3 lifted off at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province on Dec. 2 ,xx，_ we Chinese people.Aleave alone Blet aloneCleave out Dleave off答案B考查動詞短語辨析。句意：2013年12月2日，當嫦娥三號在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心離地升空的時候，許多外國朋友都感到非常興奮，更不用說我們中國人了。leave alone “不管；別惹；讓一個待著”，符合句意。let alone“更不用說”；leave out“漏掉；省略；忽視”；leave off“停止；中斷”。核 心 句 型Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.畫家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何使用透視法和光線的效果。(1)在此句中，how to use perspective and the effects of light為特殊疑問詞加不定式短語，在句中作賓語，可以變成賓語從句：Painters discovered how they could use perspective and the effects of light.(2)特殊疑問詞加不定式結構也可以作主語、表語等。除了how以外，what，where，who，whom，whether等也可用于類似的句型。How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.(作主語)我正在努力學習如何用英語提建議。I really dont know _.(作賓語)我實在不知道該寫些什么。The question is where to put it.(作表語)問題是該把它放在哪兒才好。答案what to write about集 訓 中 心.句型轉換1We must decide whether well stay or go.We must decide _.2Not only he but also you always care for others.He always cares for others, and _ you.答案1.whether to stay or go2.so do.單項填空1(xx浙江溫州八校聯(lián)考1)The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me _ to call that in Chinese.Awhether Bhow Cwhich Dwhat答案D考查疑問詞不定式的結構作賓語。句意：那位法國人指著羹匙問我在中文中這叫什么。此處what to call that in Chinese作asked的賓語。2(xx海南省嘉積中學高三教學質量監(jiān)測)_ without friends _ the most difficult challenge for Chuck while living on the island.AHow to survive; is BHow does he survive; areCHow does he survive; is DHow to survive; are答案A考查主謂一致。句子作主語時需要陳述句語序，故先排除B和C項。當疑問詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選A項。單 元 語 法復習非謂語動詞1(xx濟南高三檢測)The old couple, _ in the small village for years, can tell the names of all the villagers.Aliving BlivedChaving lived Dto have lived答案C考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，主語The old couple和live之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，且句中有表示一段時間的時間狀語for years，因此用live的現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。2(xx廣元二診)In my opinion, keeping dogs well _ up is advisablefor dog owners.Ato tie Bbeing tiedCtied Dto be tied答案C考查非謂語動詞。句意：依我看，把狗拴好對狗主人來說是明智之舉。分析句子結構可知，空處在句子中作賓語補足語，且tie和dogs之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應用tie的過去分詞形式，表示狀態(tài)。故選C。3(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)合考試)A special dance _ horse dance bees so hot that many famous people cant help copying that.Ato be called BcalledCcalling Dbeing called答案B考查非謂語動詞。 句意：一種被叫做騎馬舞的特殊舞蹈變得如此流行，以至于許多名人都情不自禁地去模仿它。call與A special dance之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故用call的過去分詞形式，另外，“_ horse dance”可以轉化為定語從句“which/that is called horse dance”。4(xx廣安一診)_ in a famous university is what most students wish for.ATo educate BEducatedCBeing educated DEducating答案C考查非謂語動詞。該結構的邏輯主語是下文中的“most students”，所以應用被動形式，故排除A、D兩項；由句子結構分析，空格部分在句子中作主語，故只能選C。