2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookII Unit18教學(xué)案 人教大綱版理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.remain講：v.剩下；停留 linkv.一直保持；仍然(后接名詞、形容詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))例:If you take 4 from 10,6 remains. 10減去4，還余6。 How long will you remain(=stay)here? 你能在這里停多久？ How can we remain silent on this question? 對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們?cè)趺茨鼙３殖聊?？鏈接提?可以用作連系動(dòng)詞的行為動(dòng)詞: (1)表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞 feel摸起來(lái)，感覺(jué)；look看起來(lái)；smell聞起來(lái)；sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)；taste嘗起來(lái) (2)表示進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)或存在某種狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 appear似乎；bee變成；e變得；fall變成；get變得；go變得；grow變得；keep保持；prove證實(shí)；remain保持；seem好像； stay保持；turn變得練:（xx上海春季模擬）The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating提示:單從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，remain后可用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，但是seat應(yīng)該用seated作表語(yǔ)，如:Please be seated.(=Please seat yourself.=Sit down,please.)故選C項(xiàng)。答案:C2.similar講：adj. 相似的；類似的 similarly adv. 相似地；類似地；同樣；也例:My wife and I have similar tastes in music. 我和妻子有共同的音樂(lè)愛(ài)好。 The two brothers look similar. 這兄弟倆長(zhǎng)得很像。 The two houses are similar in size. 兩座房子大小差不多。 Husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers. 夫妻倆在各自選擇的事業(yè)上都很成功。鏈接提示 (1)be similar to.in.在方面與有相似之處 The two words are similar to each other in meaning. 這兩個(gè)詞在意思上有相似之處。 (2)similarity n. 相似性；相像性；相似點(diǎn)；相像處 She bears a striking similarity to her mother. 她跟她母親十分相像。 There is some similarity in the way they sing. 他們的演唱風(fēng)格有點(diǎn)像。練:(1)Our body are strengthened by taking exercises._ ,our minds are developed by learning.A.Probably B.Likely C.Generally D.Similarly提示:本題考查在語(yǔ)境中選詞的能力。probably意為“大概”；likely是形容詞，意為“可能的”，用在此句不妥；generally意為“一般地”；similarly意為“同樣地，類似地”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意和詞義，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。答案:D(2)My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a(n)_ delay in the evening.A.same B.alike C.similar D.equal提示:句意為:我乘坐的火早上晚點(diǎn)20分鐘，晚上差不多也晚點(diǎn)這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。答案:C(3)The two phrases are similar_ structure but different_ meaning.A.in;in B.to;to C.in;from D.with;from提示:句意為:這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但意義不同。be similar in.在相似；be similar to.與相似；be different in.在不同；be different from.與不同。答案:A3.attempt講：n. 努力、嘗試、企圖、未遂行為v.嘗試；試圖；試圖征服(危險(xiǎn)的山、海等)例:They made no attempt at escaping. 他們沒(méi)有試圖逃走。 He made an attempt to swim across the English Channel. 他試圖渡過(guò)英吉利海峽。 They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices. 他們減少生產(chǎn)量，以試圖抬高價(jià)格。 They attempted a surprise attack. 他們企圖偷襲。 The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed. 那些囚犯試圖逃走，但失敗了。 He attempted breaking the world record. 他試圖打破世界記錄。鏈接提示 (1)attempt to do/doing sth.企圖做某事 attempt to do sth.暗含不成功之意；try to do sth.“盡力做某事”，結(jié)果有可能成功也有可能失敗；manage to do sth.“設(shè)法做到”，結(jié)果一定是成功的 (2)make an attempt to do/doing sth.試圖做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的；意圖的 an attempted murder/suicide殺人未遂/自殺未遂練:(1)（xx江蘇模擬）A man is being questioned in relation to the_ murder last night.A.advised B.attendedC.attempted D.admitted提示:句意為:一個(gè)男子正在被詢問(wèn)昨天晚上的殺人未遂案。attempted與句意相符。答案:C(2)Tom has been preparing carefully for the English examination,so that he can be sure of passing it at his first_.A.request B.attemptC.promise D.purpose提示:本題考查名詞。request請(qǐng)求；attempt嘗試；promise許諾；purpose目的。從句意看應(yīng)該選用attempt。答案:B短語(yǔ)1.allow for講：該詞組的義項(xiàng)有“顧及；考慮到”。例:The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather. 這趟旅行通常需時(shí)三周，但是你應(yīng)該考慮到惡劣天氣所造成的延誤。 His inexperience should be allowed for. 他缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)。 Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is 2 million. 考慮到通貨膨脹因素，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為200萬(wàn)美元。鏈接拓展 (1)allow doing sth.允許做某事 We dont allow making noise here,so you should keep quiet. 這里不允許大聲喧嘩，請(qǐng)你保持安靜。 (2)allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事 The nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days.護(hù)士準(zhǔn)許他在醫(yī)院再住兩天。 (3)considering考慮到；鑒于 Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.考慮到對(duì)方實(shí)力強(qiáng)大，我們進(jìn)了兩個(gè)球就很不錯(cuò)了。 John did quite well considering how little he studied. 考慮到約翰才學(xué)了那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，他考得已算很不錯(cuò)了。練:(1)We cant finish the work in such a short time;you must_ our lack of experience.A.allow to B.allow forC.allow of D.allow into提示:句意為:我們不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成工作；你必須考慮到我們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)。allow for考慮到；allow of容許，容得。B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案:B(2)I suppose well have to,_ bad weather conditions,spend more than 500 days undertaking the construction.A.considering B.allowed forC.including D.linked with提示:作“考慮到”講時(shí)，allow for 為動(dòng)詞詞組，而considering為介詞。本句中“_ bad weather conditions”用作狀語(yǔ)，故選A項(xiàng)。答案:A(3)Nobody but doctors or nurses and those_ by Dr Hu_ to enter the patients room.A.invited;is allowed B.are invited;are allowedC.being invited;allowed D.invited;are allowed提示:第一空需要過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，排除B、C項(xiàng)；第二空要考慮主謂一致，本句中的主語(yǔ)是nobody，but doctors or nurses and those是狀語(yǔ)。故選A項(xiàng)。答案:A2.be aware of 意識(shí)到；察覺(jué)到例:Im well(quite) aware of the risk. 我深知那項(xiàng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 She was/became aware of the danger. 她(終于)覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn)。 He was aware that he had drunk too much. 他曉得他喝了太多(酒)。 Few of them were aware(of) what a hypocrite he really was. 他們之中很少人知道他實(shí)際上是個(gè)什么樣的偽君子。鏈接拓展 (1)be aware of后接名詞或從句，接從句時(shí)，可以省略of。 (2)be aware+that從句 意識(shí)到；察覺(jué)到練:The young couple was worried,because neither of them was aware_ they had lost the necklace.A.of the place B.of whichC.what D.of where提示:aware的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)為:be aware of sth.或be aware(that)，意為“知道，意識(shí)到，明白”。如果選A 項(xiàng)，在place后應(yīng)加上where。由于賓語(yǔ)從句中需要地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選D項(xiàng)。答案:D3.after all講：該詞組的義項(xiàng)有“畢竟；究竟；歸根結(jié)底；(解釋或說(shuō)明理由)別忘了；到底”。例:So you made it after all. 你畢竟成功了。 He should have paid.He suggested it,after all. 他本來(lái)該付款的。別忘了是他提出來(lái)的。 Its not surprising you are tired.After all,you were up until three last night. 難怪你感到疲倦，別忘了，你昨晚3點(diǎn)才睡覺(jué)。鏈接拓展 含有all的短語(yǔ): (1)all in all從各方面考慮；總的來(lái)說(shuō) All in all it had been a great success. 總得來(lái)說(shuō)，那是個(gè)巨大的成功。 (2)all in one多功能；多用途 (3)and all而且；還；包括 She jumped into the river,clothes and all. 她連衣服也沒(méi)脫就跳進(jìn)河中。 (4)in all總共；總計(jì) (5)not at all一點(diǎn)也(不)；完全(不)；(回答道謝的客套話)不用謝練:I thought I was going to fail the exam,but I passed_ .A.above all B.after allC.in all D.first of all提示:above all意為“尤其是、最重要的是”，常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)諸多事情中最重要的；after all意為“畢竟、別忘了”或“終究、終歸、到底”，用以提醒或強(qiáng)化被忽略的事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象，或表示轉(zhuǎn)折之意；in all的意思是“總共，總計(jì)”；first of all的意思是“首先”，表示要說(shuō)、要做事情的順序。答案:B God never helps the man who will not act.天決不佑無(wú)行動(dòng)的人。句型1.now that.既然講:注意觀察下面教材原句: Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace,the true challenge is to find new ways of using it. 句中的now that是一個(gè)連詞詞組，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于since，意思是“既然，由于”，在口語(yǔ)中常省略that，而只用now引導(dǎo)從句，這時(shí)不要把now理解為“現(xiàn)在”。例:Now that the kids have left home,weve got a lot of extra space. 孩子都離開(kāi)家了，我們住得寬綽了。 Now youve grown up,you can decide it yourself. 你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，你可以自己決定了。 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞比較:鏈接提示 (1)because語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，表示直接原因；在回答why的問(wèn)句時(shí)，必須用because。 (2)since/as語(yǔ)氣較弱，表示明顯的原因或已知事實(shí)。練:(1)_ you like the car so much,why not drive it back? Well,I cant afford_ car.A.If;such big a B.Now that;that big aC.When;so a big D.Now that;that a big提示:由題干可知，第一空用now that，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；第二空中的that是副詞，相當(dāng)于so，應(yīng)放在形容詞前。故選B項(xiàng)。答案:B(2)_ she is out of a job,Lucy has been considering going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.A.Now that B.Even thoughC.No matter how D.Except that提示:句意為:因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ucy失業(yè)了，她一直在考慮返回學(xué)校，但到目前為止她還沒(méi)有決定。答案:A2.Sb.be said to do.據(jù)說(shuō)；人們說(shuō)講:注意觀察下面教材原句: We are said to be living in the “Information Age”. 據(jù)說(shuō)我們生活在“信息時(shí)代”。例:He is said to be a clever student. 據(jù)說(shuō)他是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。 He is said to have gone to the United States. 據(jù)說(shuō)他去了美國(guó)。鏈接提示 (1)在sb.be said to do中還可以用sb.be said to be doing(據(jù)說(shuō)某人在做)或sb.be said to have done(據(jù)說(shuō)某人已經(jīng)做)。該句型可以改成:It be said that. (2)類似句型: It is believed that.人們相信 It is thought/suggested that.人們認(rèn)為 It is hoped that.人們希望 It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道 It is announced that.據(jù)宣布練:(1)（xx山東濰坊統(tǒng)考）The king is said to_ by the spider weaving its web in the cave where he was hiding and defeated his enemy at last.A.be encouraged B.being encouragedC.have been encouraged D.have encouraged提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)by the spider可知要用被動(dòng)形式，又由于不定式動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，故選C項(xiàng)。答案:C(2)(xx遼寧模擬)It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931)_ the world leading inventor for sixty years.A.would be B.has beenC.had been D.was提示:從括號(hào)中提供的出生和去世的日期可以看出Thomas Edison現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)去世，排除B項(xiàng)；由于沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比，也不能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，排除C項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)不合題意；故選D項(xiàng)。答案:D辨析1.be made from,be made of,be made in,be made into,be made up of(1)be made of/from意為“由制成”。用以制造的原材料已改變，在制成品中看不出原材料，用from;原料未改變，在制成品中仍看得出原材料，用of。(2)be made in指產(chǎn)地，意為“在制造，由制造”。(3)be made into意為“將制成”。與以上短語(yǔ)不同，它的主語(yǔ)為原材料。(4)be made up of指“由組成”。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)These table are made_ our factory.They were made_ wood.(2)Wood can be made_ tables and other furniture.(3)This kind of paper was made_ rags.(4)China is made_ 56 nations.(5)Bamboo can be made_ many useful tools.(6)The soil is made_ the dead leaves of the trees above.答案:(1)in,of (2)into (3)from (4)up of (5)into (6)from2.try to,try doingtry to意為:試，嘗試；試圖。內(nèi)含一種“試圖但并沒(méi)達(dá)到”之意。而try doing 意為“試著做，看有什么樣的結(jié)果”。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Dont shout at him;he is only trying_(help).(2)Im going to try _ (cook)a paella this evening.(3)I tried_ (persuade)him and succeeded(4)I tried_ (persuade)him but in vain.答案:(1)to help (2)cooking (3)persuading (4)to persuade誘思：實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥【例1】(xx北京海淀期末)There are many people _ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.A.who B.that C.which D.whose提示:本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在從句中作only on-line activity的定語(yǔ)。答案:D【例2】(xx浙江模擬)Weve been looking at houses but havent found_ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them提示:one指代上文出現(xiàn)的同一類事物中的一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)用ones；而it則指同一事或同一物。答案:A【例3】(xx全國(guó)模擬)There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,_ five are mine.A.on which B.in whichC.of which D.from which提示:本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。five of which表示“其中的5本”。答案:C