單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,*,體裁：記敘文(2021湖南高考作文題)話題：生活中我們?cè)袉适锲范终一氐慕?jīng)歷，其間有煩惱、喜悅、感慨,佳作選登,I have a precious pen, which was given to me as a birthday present by one of my best friends. I like it very much. However, this pen once had an unusual experience.,When I was a student of Grade Two, I lost my precious pen because of carelessness when our school was holding a sports meeting. I almost felt crazy when I realized that it was missing. I searched the playground carefully and even the road leading to my home. I put up several notices with its titleMy Precious Pen Lost, in which I promised to pay the one who gives me the pen back to 100 yuan. Several days later, I heard my name called by someone. It was a girl with a pen in her hand. ,I felt excited to see my precious pen back. I thanked this kind girl again and again, who didn't accept the money I gave her as a reward.,From the unusual experience of my precious pen, I learn that we should be thankful to those who always do good deeds and also be ready to do what we can to help others.,佳句變式,A：I have a precious pen, which was a birthday present given to me by one of my best friends.,B：I have a precious pen and it was a birthday present that was given to me by one of my best friends.,A：I felt so excited to see my precious pen back that I thanked this kind girl again and again, who didn't accept the money I gave her as a reward.,B：I felt excited to see my precious pen back and thanked this kind girl again and again, but she didn't accept the money I gave her as a reward.,1,v,t,.包括；包含,include,ruin,2 n. 廢墟；遺跡；消滅；崩潰,restore,3,v,t,. 修復(fù)；重建,rebuild,4,v,t,. 重建；復(fù)原；改造,.高頻單詞必記,一、考綱詞匯識(shí)記,5,v,t,.&,n,. 損害；傷害,6,adj,. 古代的；古老的,7 n. 方案；方案；工程,8,n,. 官員；公務(wù)員,adj,. 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的,damage,ancient,project,official,9,v,t,.代表；表現(xiàn),n,代表,adj,.,典型的；有代表性的,10,n,美；美景；美好的人或事物,v,t,.,美化,adj,.美好的；美麗的,11,v,i,.聯(lián)合；團(tuán)結(jié),n,聯(lián)合；結(jié)合；聯(lián)盟,represent,beauty,unite,union,12,v,t,.限制；限定,n,界限；限度,adj,.有限,的,adj,.無(wú)限的,limit,limited,representative,beautify,beautiful,limitless,二、高頻詞匯活用,(一)一言辨異,13In our daily life，we use fuels which _ the,environment badly.It is reported that 25,000 deaths per­year are caused by air _.(pollute),答案：,pollute；pollution,(二)用breath及其派生詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,14(1)We had great difficulty in _，for the air was,thin.,(2)The performance left me _ with excitement.,(3)Jack took a deep _ and then dived into the water.,答案：,(1)breathing(2)breathless(3)breath,1,基于,base on,2,遭受襲擊,3,讓步；投降,4,成為廢墟；遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,5,放棄(念頭、希望等)；停止；,拋棄；認(rèn)輸；對(duì),絕望,6,使蘇醒；使生動(dòng)；使活潑,under attack,give in,in ruins,give up,bring.back to life,.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)必背,7,實(shí)現(xiàn),come true,8,拆毀；摧毀；推翻,9,損害，破壞,10,設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立,11,改變主意,12,留神；照料,pull down,cause/do damage to,set up,change one's mind,look out,.經(jīng)典句型必會(huì),1,Where,there is a river，there is a city.,凡有河流的地方，必有城市。,解讀：where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，含有條件意味。,仿寫(xiě)：有希望之處，生命就生生不息。,_ there is hope，there is life.,答案：Where,2We will not let our history and culture be destroyed，,and we will,do everything we can to save,our city!,我們不會(huì)讓我們的歷史和文化被毀壞，我們要竭盡全力來(lái)拯救我們的城市！,解讀：do everything we can to do sth.盡力做某事。,仿寫(xiě)：她總是樂(lè)于盡力幫助有困難的人。,She is always ready to _ those in trouble.,答案：do everything she can to help,3,Strong，proud and united,，the people of St Petersburg,are the modern heroes of Russia.,圣彼得堡的人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、自豪、團(tuán)結(jié)一致，他們是當(dāng)代的俄羅斯英雄。,解讀：strong，proud and united為形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。,仿寫(xiě)：又冷又餓，他挨家挨戶乞討。,_，he begged from door to door.,答案：Cold and hungry,4,It is said to be,the city's largest ever cultural relics repair,project.,據(jù)說(shuō)這項(xiàng)工程是這個(gè)城市有史以來(lái)最大的文化遺址修復(fù)工程。,解讀：sb./sth. is said to be據(jù)說(shuō)某人/某物是。,仿寫(xiě)：據(jù)說(shuō)她是班里最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。,_the best student in the class.,答案：She is said to be,1represent,vt,.代表，表示；表現(xiàn)；描述；象征；相當(dāng)于,教材P44原句,You can select five things that,represent,Chinese culture，but you cannot put any living things in the capsule.你可以選出五種能夠代表中國(guó)文化的事物，但不能將有生命的物品放入太空艙。,(1)represent.to do sth.代表,做某事,represent.as/to be. 把,描繪成，,聲稱(chēng)是,represent oneself as/to be. 自稱(chēng)是,represent sth.to sb. 向某人陳述,(2)representative,n,. 代表,adj,. 典型的，有代表性的,He will represent our class to attend the meeting.,他將代表我們班出席會(huì)議。,He had,an employee in order to gain access to the files.,為了能夠看到這些檔案，他佯稱(chēng)自己是公司員工。,Parents must represent to their children the risk of getting addicted to the Internet.,父母必須向孩子說(shuō)明沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的危險(xiǎn)性。,represented himself as,2include v包括，把列在內(nèi),教材P44原句You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box .,你還可以放進(jìn)盒子里一張用任何一種語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)成的短信息(兩句話),His courses include various make­up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.,(2021·北京高考閱讀A),他的課程包括各種化裝課和許多給未來(lái)的小學(xué)教師設(shè)立的講座。,(1)include sb./sth.(in/among/on sth.),使某人/某物成為整體中的一局部,include doing sth.包括做某事,(2)including prep. 包括(常引起一個(gè)解釋性短語(yǔ)),(3)included 包括在內(nèi)(常用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),中，放于名詞或代詞之后),Robert had always wanted to include such a man in a story.羅伯特一直希望故事里有這樣一個(gè)人物。,Her daily work includes cleaning the office and answering calls.她日常的工作包括清掃辦公室和接 。,China is willing to face the problem of the climate change with all countries， the developing and the developed.中國(guó)愿意同所有國(guó)家一道來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問(wèn)題，包括開(kāi)展中國(guó)家和興旺國(guó)家。,Twelve people were awarded at the meeting，a boy of twelve .,十二人在會(huì)上受到嘉獎(jiǎng)，其中包括一名十二歲的男孩。,including,included,contain，include,(1)contain含有，包含，容納，里面裝有，側(cè)重所含的量和成分，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。另外，contain有“克制，抑制之意。,(2)include著重強(qiáng)調(diào)所包括的人或事物為整體的一局部。,巧學(xué),助記,自填助記,用contain，include的適當(dāng)形式填空,The three­day tour will,a visit to the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube.,This new book,all the poems by the writer from 1980 to 1996.,include,contains,3ruin n消滅；崩潰 (pl.)廢墟；遺跡 vt.消滅；毀壞,教材P45原句St Petersburg was almost in ruins：fires burned everywhere.,圣彼得堡幾乎變成廢墟：到處都是大火。,Don't let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.,不要讓小小的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)損害你們的友誼。,She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.,她回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)家具全被洪水毀壞了。,(1)(be/lie) in ruins 成為廢墟,fall into ruin/go to ruin 消滅；滅亡,bring sb.to ruin 使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產(chǎn),(2)ruin one's reputation 使某人名聲掃地,ruin ones health 把身體搞垮,The big fire left the whole city,in only two days.,僅用了兩天的時(shí)間大火就使整個(gè)城市成為了廢墟。,A large number of temples fell into ruin before liberation.,解放前，許多寺廟都?xì)Я恕?in ruins,4breath,n,呼吸；氣息,教材P48原句,The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings.,他們呼出的二氧化碳正損壞著這些畫(huà)。,(1)take a deep breath深深地吸一口氣,hold one's breath 屏住呼吸,lose one's breath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái),out of breath 上氣不接下氣,(2)breathe,v,. 呼吸,breathe hard/heavily 大口喘氣，費(fèi)力喘氣,breathe in/out 吸/呼氣,(3)breathless,adj,. 屏息的；氣喘吁吁的,We'd take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic.,(2021·湖北高考閱讀E),在上班的路上我們要做幾次深呼吸，而不是抱怨繁忙的交通。,Time was running out.We all to see which team would win the match.,時(shí)間快用完了，我們都屏住呼吸看看哪個(gè)隊(duì)將贏得比賽。,When he hurried home，he was almost .,當(dāng)他匆匆趕回家時(shí)，幾乎是上氣不接下氣。,He was breathing hard when he finished the race.,賽跑結(jié)束時(shí)，他不停地大口喘氣。,held our breath,out of breath,5limit vt.限制；限定 nC限度；限制 (pl.)范圍；極限,教材P48原句Second，the number of visitors should be limited.,第二，游客的數(shù)量應(yīng)該受到限制。,There are no obvious limits to the escalation (增加) of demands for quality.(2021·重慶高考閱讀E),在質(zhì)量上不斷提升的要求似乎是沒(méi)有止境的。,A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.,缺少正規(guī)的教育會(huì)限制你就業(yè)的時(shí)機(jī)。,(1)set a limit/limits to對(duì)加以限制,reach one's limit 到達(dá)極限,within the limit of 在范圍內(nèi),(2)limit.to 把限制之內(nèi),(3)limited adj. 有限的；少的；小的,They did well,their knowledge.,由于知識(shí)所限，他們已經(jīng)做得很好了。,I believe teaching should not,the classroom.我認(rèn)為教學(xué)不應(yīng)該局限在教室內(nèi)。,within the limit of,be limited to,(2021·湖北高考)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _ our thinking.,AdirectBlimit,Cchange Dimprove,解析： 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。 句意： 如是我們想成功， 學(xué)識(shí)很重要， 但是它們也可能會(huì)限制我們的思維。 direct“指導(dǎo)， 管理； limit“限制； change“改變； improve“改善， 改進(jìn)。,答案：B,.單詞拼寫(xiě),1_(污染) causes a threat to the continued,existence of this species.,答案：,Pollution,2Numbers of people were buried under the _(廢,墟) in the earthquake.,答案：,ruins,3Many students in our class took part in the summer camp，,_(包括) Susan and Mary.,4Many people suffered from _(文化) shock when,they came abroad.,5The garden they visited was such a great _(美),that they didn't want to leave.,答案：,beauty,答案：,culture,答案：,including,6As long as we _(團(tuán)結(jié)) together，we can finally,succeed.,答案：,unite,7The house has been _(修復(fù)) to the way it,looked in 1900 when it was built.,答案：,restored,8Joe was on his feet again after such a long _(一,段時(shí)期) in hospital.,答案：,period,.單項(xiàng)填空,1(2021·濟(jì)南高三檢測(cè))When we got to top of the,mountain, we were nearly _.,Aunder our breathBlost our breath,Ccaught our breath Dout of breath,解析：句意：到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，我們幾乎上氣不接下氣了。out of breath“上氣不接下氣，符合句意。lose one's breath“喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)；catch one's breath“屏息。,答案：D,2(2021·南安高三檢測(cè))Today the public is much,concerned about the way _.,Anature is being ruined Bwhich nature is ruined,Con which to ruin nature Dof nature to be ruined,解析：考查the way的定語(yǔ)。句意：當(dāng)今公眾非常關(guān)心大自然正遭受怎樣的破壞。the way表示“方式，方法時(shí)，其后可跟that，in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中關(guān)系詞常省略；也可跟不定式或of短語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the way to do sth.或the way of doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。,答案：A,3(2021·皖南八校聯(lián)考)How much shall I pay for the,trip?,$800 in total，hotels and meals _.,Ato include Bincluding,Cincluded Dare included,解析：答句句意：總共八百美元，賓館住宿和飲食也包括在內(nèi)。included常放在名詞或代詞之后，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,答案：C,4The traffic department has taken effective measures,_ the car speed in the town and _ the traffic accidents.,Alimiting; cut off Bto limit; cut up,Climiting; cut out Dto limit; cut down,解析：句意：交通部門(mén)已采取有效措施以限制城鎮(zhèn)的車(chē)輛速度，減少交通事故。第一個(gè)空表示目的，and連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，所以選D。,答案：D,5As our head teacher _ it, “Lei Feng will always,live in our hearts, because his spirit _ some of the best qualities of us human beings.,Asays; presents Bputs; represents,Cexplains; stands Dexpresses; means,解析：句意：正如我們班主任說(shuō)的，“雷鋒永遠(yuǎn)活在我們心中，因?yàn)樗木翊砹巳祟?lèi)最優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。 put“表達(dá)(思想，評(píng)論)；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該用represent“代表。,答案：B,1give in讓步；投降；屈服；交上,教材P45原句It was under attack for 900 days，but the people of the city never gave in.,雖然被圍困了900天，但這個(gè)城市的人們卻從未屈服過(guò)。,At this climate conference，our government gave in in order to protect the benefits of other developing countries.在氣候大會(huì)上，為保護(hù)其他開(kāi)展中國(guó)家的利益，我國(guó)政府作出了讓步。,Please give your homework in as soon as possible.,請(qǐng)盡快把作業(yè)交上來(lái)。,give away出賣(mài)；泄露；暴露；贈(zèng)送,give off 發(fā)出(蒸汽、光等)；長(zhǎng)出(枝、杈等),give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；發(fā)表；用盡；,精疲力竭,give up 放棄(念頭、希望等)；停止；拋棄；認(rèn)輸,The old lady most of her savings to the children in the disaster­stricken area.,老太太把她的大局部積蓄都捐給了災(zāi)區(qū)的孩子們。,After two days our food ，and we had to return.兩天后食物耗盡了，我們只好返回。,gave away,gave out,2bring.back to life使蘇醒；使恢復(fù)生機(jī),教材P45原句,Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to,bring,the city,back to life,.,當(dāng)畫(huà)家和工人們?cè)诒M力使這個(gè)城市恢復(fù)生機(jī)時(shí)，他們必須十分小心。,Only by hard work can the people of the town bring their hometown back to life.,只有通過(guò)辛勤勞動(dòng)，城鎮(zhèn)的人們才能使他們的城鎮(zhèn)恢復(fù)生機(jī)。,bring about引起；致使；造成,bring back 回憶；使返回；帶回來(lái)；恢復(fù),bring in 生產(chǎn)；掙得；介紹；引進(jìn),bring up 教育；培養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐,bring down 使倒下；降低；減少,bring along 把帶來(lái),bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出；說(shuō)明；出版,But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect.(2021·北京高考閱讀C),但是這些結(jié)果進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明壓力可能會(huì)帶來(lái)雙重影響。,My photographs of Shanghai memories of my childhood there.,我在上海拍的照片使我回想起在那里度過(guò)的童年。,The discussion came alive when an interesting topic,.,引入有趣的話題后，討論開(kāi)始生動(dòng)起來(lái)。,brought back,was brought in,3set up建起；設(shè)立；開(kāi)辦；資助(某人)，扶持(某人)；建立,事業(yè),教材P47原句The villagers set up a website to help people learn more about the cultural relics.,村民們建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站來(lái)幫助人們更多地了解那些文化遺產(chǎn)。,Let's set up the tent first，and build a fire later.,我們首先把帳篷搭起來(lái)，然后生火。,More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.,(2021·遼寧高考閱讀C),最近，中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)在80多個(gè)國(guó)家建立了孔子學(xué)院。,set about開(kāi)始，著手,set aside 留出，撥出(時(shí)間等)；把擱置一邊,set down 放下；記下；寫(xiě)下,set off 出發(fā)，啟程；引起；(使)爆炸,set out 動(dòng)身，啟程；開(kāi)始；擺放；說(shuō)明，陳述,set free 釋放,set foot on/in 踏上，到達(dá)，進(jìn)入,I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.,我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能用最簡(jiǎn)易的方法來(lái)捕蛇。,some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.,每天都留出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)寫(xiě)作，哪怕五分鐘也行。,They are expected to,to look into the case this week.,他們有可能在本周開(kāi)始調(diào)查這一案子。,Set aside,set out,(2021·全國(guó)卷)We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.,Aset about Bset up,Cset out Dset down,解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們開(kāi)始著手刷整座房子，但是那天只刷完了前面的局部。set out to do sth.表示“著手做某事，符合句意。其他三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。,答案：C,1It is easier to _ than to build up.,答案：,pull down,.選詞填空,in ruins，give in，bring.back to life，come true，under attack，pull down,2Although the doctors did everything they could，they,weren't able to _ him _.,答案：,bring；back to life,3Both sides argued with reason，but neither would,_.,4I hope his dream of becoming an artist will,_.,答案：,give in,答案：,come true,5When an animal is _，it can run away,or fight back.,答案：,under attack,6It's impossible to rebuild these old temples，because,they are all _.,答案：,in ruins,.單項(xiàng)填空,1(2021·福建高考)You had better _ some time every,day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.,Aset aside Btake up,Cput away Dgive out,解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你最好每天留出點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，以便使你保持精力充分。set aside“把放置一旁；不理會(huì)；留出；take up“拿起；抱起；繼續(xù)；put away“收起來(lái)；放好；儲(chǔ)存；give out“分發(fā)；公布；耗盡。,答案：A,2(2021·桂林質(zhì)檢)I know my brother well. Once he has,made up his mind, nothing can change it, but instead I usually _.,Agive off Bgive away,Cgive out Dgive in,解析：give off“發(fā)出；give away“泄露；分發(fā)；捐贈(zèng)；give out“分發(fā)；公布；用盡；give in“屈服；讓步；交上。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。,答案：D,3(2021·阜新高三一模)Nearly all educators believe that a,challenging situation can often _ the best qualities of a person.,Abring up Bbring about,Cbring forward Dbring out,解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：幾乎所有的教育家都相信，一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的形式能夠充分反映出一個(gè)人的最正確品質(zhì)。bring out“顯示出來(lái)，(使)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，符合句意。bring up“教育；培養(yǎng)；bring about“導(dǎo)致；引起；bring forward“提出。,答案：D,1Where there is a river，there is a city.,凡有河流的地方，必有城市。,(1)where 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“在地方，此句中where,含有條件意味。,Where there is a will，there is a way.,有志者事竟成。,(2)where還可以引導(dǎo)其他地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于in/to the,place where。,Sit where I can see you.,坐在我能看到你的地方。,The chairman called on the youths to go where they were needed.,主席號(hào)召青年人到需要他們的地方去。,2We will not let our history and culture be destroyed，,and we will do_everything_we_can_to save our city!,我們不會(huì)讓我們的歷史和文化被毀壞，我們要竭盡全力來(lái)拯救我們的城市！,句中do everything we can to save our city意為“竭盡全力來(lái)拯救我們的城市，can后省略了與前面重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞do，不定式在句子中表目的。類(lèi)似句型還有：,do what(ever) one can to do sth.,do everything one can to do sth.,do all (that) one can to do sth,竭盡全力做某事,do/try one's best to do sth.,make an/every/one's effort to do sth.,spare no effort to do sth.,努力做某事,Why not do whatever you can to get what you have been dreaming of?,為什么不竭盡全力去獲得你一直夢(mèng)想得到的東西呢？,We have done everything we can to make the meeting more successful.我們已竭盡全力確保這次會(huì)議更加成功。,To satisfy my boss，I have to,something pleasant.為了讓老板滿意，我總是好話說(shuō)盡。,I will do all I can to make your stay here more comfortable.我將竭盡全力讓你在這里住得更舒服些。,make every effort to say,1The doctors did _ the patient，but failed.,Aall they could to save Ball what they could to save,Call that they could save Dwhat they could save,解析：“醫(yī)生竭盡全力地?fù)尵炔∪说某Ｒ?jiàn)表達(dá)：The doctors did all they could to save the patient或者The doctors did what they could to save the patient。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。,答案：A,2If you are traveling_the customs are really,foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.,Ain which Bwhat,Cwhen Dwhere,解析：句意：如果你在一個(gè)風(fēng)俗不同的地方旅行的話，請(qǐng)入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。根據(jù)句意，句中需要一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而in which只有在定語(yǔ)從句中的某些情況下才可以與where互換。,答案：D,3The ever­lasting book is said _ into dozens of,languages in the last decade.,Ato have been translated Bto be translated,Cto translate Dto have translated,解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這部不朽名著在過(guò)去10年中已經(jīng)被翻譯成數(shù)十種文字。translate這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，而且該動(dòng)作與本句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式。,答案：A,4He won the first prize in the English speech contest，,_.,Ahappy and relaxedly Bhappy and relaxed,Chappily and relaxedly Dhappily and relaxed,解析：考查形容詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)。此題用形容詞(短語(yǔ))而不是副詞作狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。,答案：B,