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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材課文要點(diǎn)Module4GreatScientists夯基提能作業(yè)外研版必修 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 　　閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版畫) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(風(fēng)景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my panions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 1.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin. C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A.He took him to see painting exhibitions. B.He provided him with painting materials. C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D.He taught him how to make engravings. 4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to 　　　. A.master the use of paints B.appreciate landscape paintings C.get to know other painters D.make up his mind to be a painter Ⅱ.七選五 　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 (xx山東師大附中模擬八) Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 　1　 They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species—for example, a snake, and transfer them to another—for example, corn. 　2　 Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein. Genetic engineers put genes from ducks into chickens to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素)into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 　3　 It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow. The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters, that we cannot control.　4　They’ll have to find one, fight for one—or kill for one. It may be your land they fight for—or you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight. We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 　5　 A.The information tells us what to do or what not to do. B.We must make sure that this tale remains a story—and no more than that. C.This doesn’t make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier. D.The new life forms have no natural habitat or home. E.Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish. F.In this way a new life form is created. G.They are passed on from generation to generation. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 (xx河北正定中學(xué)模擬) 　　Imagine being born without arms. No arms to hug someone, and no hands to 　1　touch. Or what about being born without legs? Having no 　2　to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenes together: no arms and no legs. How would that 　3　one’s everyday life? Without any medical explanation, Nick Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Imagine the 　4　his parents felt when they saw their baby being what the world would consider imperfect and 　5　. Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would 　6　and motivate people from all walks of life. Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the 　7　of self-respect, and struggled with depression and 　8　. As Nick grew up he learned to deal with his 　9　and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He 　10　to his situation and found ways to　11　tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, 　12　hair, typing on a puter, etc. As time 　13　, Nick began to eagerly accept his 　14　and achieve greater things. Nick got a double bachelor’s degree 　15　in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to 　16　his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through 　17　speaking. He found the purpose of his 　18　. Now at 27 years old, he has acplished more than most people. He has travelled around, 　19　his story with millions of people. He is a true inspirational and motivational　20　. 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　 1.A.understand B.experience C.know D.prevent 2.A.chance B.interest C.reason D.ability 3.A.limit B.affect C.improve D.design 4.A.shock B.excitement C.calmness D.eagerness 5.A.abnormal B.unique C.extraordinary D.unqualified 6.A.teach B.organize C.inspire Dfort 7.A.challenge B.management C.question D.load 8.A.tiredness B.loneliness C.happiness D.relief 9.A.fault B.disability C.shortage D.willpower 10.A.devoted B.attended C.adapted D.stuck 11.A.acplish B.attain C.find D.reduce 12.A.wearing B.working C.brushing D.losing 13.A.went up B.went ahead C.went away D.went by 14.A.position B.situation C.state D.emergency 15.A.researching B.majoring C.aiming D.choosing 16.A.finish B.undertake C.support D.realize 17.A.meaningful B.significant C.motivational D.strong 18.A.action B.existence C.behavior Dmunication 19.A.telling B.recalling C.writing D.sharing 20.A.doctor B.driver C.speaker D.writer 答案精解精析　 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇記敘文。Benjamin 小時(shí)候喜歡畫畫,很有畫畫的天賦。在他的堂兄和一位知名畫家的影響下,他立志成為一名畫家。 1.C　主旨要義題。本文講述了美國(guó)畫家Benjamin West小時(shí)候的畫畫經(jīng)歷及他是如何立志成為一名畫家的,故選C。 2.D　推理判斷題。本句前面的內(nèi)容是他被迫承認(rèn)了他在貓的身上薅毛做畫筆的事,后面講到他的堂兄送給他真正的顏料和畫筆。而此句的意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將得到改善”。由此推斷此句暗示“他將很快得到真正的畫筆”。 3.B　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin的堂兄Pennington給他提供了顏料和畫筆;由第五段可知Pennington給他提供了創(chuàng)作油畫的材料,故選B。 4.D　推理判斷題。從文章的最后一段可知Williams給了他兩本有關(guān)畫畫的經(jīng)典著作,但是他其實(shí)不是很懂,不過卻愛不釋手。同時(shí)從最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”也可以看出這兩本書幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家。 Ⅱ.七選五 [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇生物科技方面的文章,講述了基因和遺傳的問題。 1.G　上文說基因承載著信息,下文說它們使人能夠生出人,牛生出牛,也就是說基因是代代相傳的,故G項(xiàng)符合上下文語境。 2.F　從一種物種上提取基因轉(zhuǎn)移到另一物種上,這樣新的物種就形成了,故F項(xiàng)符合語境。 3.C　由下文的“對(duì)農(nóng)民來說,它們只是更容易、更快地生長(zhǎng)”可知,C項(xiàng)“這沒有使它們更便宜、更好吃或者更健康”符合語境。 4.D　由下文的它們將不得不為找一個(gè)棲息地而斗爭(zhēng)或者廝殺,也就是說它們沒有天然的棲息地,故D項(xiàng)符合語境。 5.B　故事中,醫(yī)生創(chuàng)造了可怕的物種,所以不得不消滅它,因此我們只能確保這只是一個(gè)故事,不讓其真的發(fā)生,故B項(xiàng)符合語境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 [語篇解讀]　本文主要講述了英國(guó)勵(lì)志演說家尼克的故事。他是聞名世界的演說家, 卻有著難以想象的不幸的命運(yùn)!他一出生就無緣無故地缺少四肢, 但是他卻憑著自己的努力在生活和事業(yè)中變得很成功。 1.B　experience意為“經(jīng)歷, 體驗(yàn)”,此處指沒有手去體驗(yàn)觸摸的感覺。 2.D　根據(jù)上文可知, 沒有腿會(huì)怎么樣, 那么當(dāng)然就是沒有跳舞、走路、奔跑甚至是站立的能力了。ability能力。 3.B　結(jié)合語境, that指代的是上文所說的沒有腿沒有胳膊的情況, 這又會(huì)怎樣影響一個(gè)人的日常生活呢?affect影響。 4.A　他的父母看到自己的兒子是人們所認(rèn)為的那種不完美和不正常的人, 當(dāng)然會(huì)感到震驚了, 沒有家長(zhǎng)希望自己的孩子是那樣的。shock震驚。 5.A　由第二段第一句with neither arms nor legs可知, 他出生的時(shí)候沒有胳膊也沒有腿, 說明他是一個(gè)不正常(abnormal)的人。 6.C　根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu), 本空應(yīng)當(dāng)與motivate并列,因此選inspire“鼓舞;鼓勵(lì)”。 7.A　整個(gè)兒童時(shí)期, 尼克都在應(yīng)對(duì)自尊心的挑戰(zhàn),并和壓抑與孤獨(dú)作斗爭(zhēng)。challenge挑戰(zhàn)。 8.B　本空應(yīng)當(dāng)與depression并列, 故只能選loneliness(孤獨(dú))。 9.B　隨著尼克長(zhǎng)大,他學(xué)會(huì)處理自己的殘疾問題了。disability殘疾。 10.C　考查固定搭配。adapt to適應(yīng)。這里指的是尼克適應(yīng)自己的境況。 11.A　此處指找到完成任務(wù)的方法, acplish完成。 12.C　brush hair梳頭發(fā), 與前文cleaning teeth并列。 13.D　隨著時(shí)間的流逝, 尼克開始接受自己的境況, 并且獲得一些較大的成就。go by特指時(shí)間的流逝。 14.B　由上文的adapted to his situation提示可知用situation,這里指的是尼克自己的境況。 15.B　尼克獲得了雙學(xué)士學(xué)位(Nick got a double bachelor’s degree), 主修會(huì)計(jì)和金融策劃專業(yè)。major in主修。 16.D　realize one’s dream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想。 17.C　motivational speaking勵(lì)志演講;尼克通過自己的勵(lì)志演講來鼓舞其他人;motivational adj.動(dòng)機(jī)的;激發(fā)性的。 18.B　尼克找到了自己存在的目的。existence存在。 19.D　尼克到處旅行, 與人們分享自己的故事。由17空前的sharing也可判斷選D。share分享。 20.C　speaker演講者;這里是說尼克是一位真正的勵(lì)志演說家。