2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit24 Society單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修61. voluntary adj. 自愿的巧記提示：volunt(自愿)+-ary(形容詞后綴)經(jīng)典例句：The doctor was voluntary to settle down in the poor village.這個(gè)醫(yī)生志愿到這個(gè)窮村莊落戶(hù)。考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:voluntarily adv. 自動(dòng)地;volunteer n. 志愿者, adj. 志愿的, v. 自愿2)voluntary adj. 自愿的, 無(wú)償?shù)?。?She is a voluntary worker at the hospital.她在這家醫(yī)院義務(wù)服務(wù)。He made a voluntary statement to the police.他自動(dòng)向警方陳述。3)volunteer 常與to連用, 表示自愿去做, 主動(dòng)請(qǐng)求去做。Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to work for the Olympic Games.與此同時(shí), 許多大學(xué)生自愿為奧運(yùn)會(huì)服務(wù)。活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)1)We all v_ to paint the house.2)She is v_ to teach English in the village school.答案:1)volunteered2)voluntary2. deposit vt. &vi. 存儲(chǔ), 儲(chǔ)蓄經(jīng)典例句：She deposited her money in the bank for her old age.她把錢(qián)存在銀行里預(yù)備防老。The little girl has deposited 100 English songs in her MP4.那個(gè)小女孩在她的MP4里存儲(chǔ)了100首英語(yǔ)歌曲?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:depositary n. 保管人, 儲(chǔ)藏所;deposition n. 沉積作用2)同義詞:store vt. 貯藏, 存儲(chǔ)3)deposit 還可意為“放置, 寄存”。如:You can deposit your bags at the counter while you are wandering around the city.當(dāng)你在城區(qū)閑逛的時(shí)候, 可將包存放在柜臺(tái)處。4)deposit 作名詞時(shí)意為“保證金;押金”。You must pay a deposit if you want to reserve the room.你要預(yù)訂房間, 就得先付訂金。活學(xué)活用：漢譯英盡管銀行提息, 一些市民還是不把錢(qián)存在銀行里。_答案:Some citizens wont deposit the money in a bank though the interest in the bank has been raised.3. govern vt. 統(tǒng)治, 治理經(jīng)典例句：Who really governs this country?誰(shuí)真正統(tǒng)治著這個(gè)國(guó)家?The need for money governs his behavior.對(duì)金錢(qián)的需求支配著他的行為?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:governable adj. 可統(tǒng)治的;governance n. 統(tǒng)治, 管理;government n. 政府2)同義詞:control vt. 控制, 支配3)govern常接表示人或國(guó)家的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:They are trying best to govern their country better.他們努力地把國(guó)家治理得更好。4)govern 作“控制”講時(shí), 常接temper等名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:You should govern your temper.你應(yīng)當(dāng)控制你的脾氣。5)相關(guān)短語(yǔ):a governing principle 指導(dǎo)原則govern a machine管理機(jī)器活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空The Chinese munist Party is _ the country well.A. summingB. adoptingC. claimingD. governing答案:D4. accumulate v. 積累經(jīng)典例句：She is good at accumulating new phrases in her English studies.她在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面, 善于積累新詞組?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:accumulation n. 積累2)同義詞:pile積累;store up累積3)accumulate常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.他們開(kāi)始積累大量的資料。By buying ten books every month, he soon accumulated a good library.他每月買(mǎi)十本書(shū), 不久便積累成一個(gè)豐富的藏書(shū)庫(kù)。4)相關(guān)短語(yǔ):accumulate funds積累資金accumulate knowledge積累知識(shí)活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空Dust will quickly _if we dont sweep our room often.A. accumulatesB. accumulateC. to accumulateD. accumulating答案:B5. vacant adj. 未住人的, 空置的經(jīng)典例句：When Professor Yu was making a speech, the hall was never vacant, even the dustmen listening there, as well.于教授在作報(bào)告時(shí), 大廳里從來(lái)沒(méi)有空缺過(guò), 甚至清潔工人也來(lái)聽(tīng)。考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:vacancy n. 空白, 空缺;vacantly adv. 空虛地;茫然若失地;vacate v. 騰出, 退位;vacation n. 假期, (房屋等的)騰出2)近義詞:empty adj. 空的, 空洞的3)vacant 作形容詞可引申為“職位空缺的”“空閑的, 清閑的”“心靈空虛的, 神情茫然的, 心不在焉的”。如:That position remains vacant because no one is fit for it.那個(gè)職位仍舊空著, 因?yàn)闆](méi)有人適合。That will leave plenty of hours vacant.那樣的話(huà)就有許多空閑時(shí)間了。When he was asked to answer the question, there was a vacant expression on his face.當(dāng)被要求回答問(wèn)題時(shí), 他臉上一副茫然的表情。4)辨析vacant和empty：vacant 指位置無(wú)人占用。empty 指沒(méi)有人或物在其中。5)相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：a vacant room空房a vacant position空位a vacant expression茫然的表情a vacant life空閑的生活活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)A v_ apartment in New York City is very difficult to find.答案:vacant6. diverse adj. 各式各樣的經(jīng)典例句：John and his brother have diverse interests.約翰和他兄弟的興趣迥然不同?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:diversely adv. 不同地, 各式各樣地;diversify v. 使多樣化;diversity n. 差異, 多樣性2)同義詞:various adj. 不同的, 各種各樣的3)diverse 修飾人或物。如:There are diverse colors to choose from.有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。There are diverse ways of getting to the station.從這兒去車(chē)站有各種不同走法。4)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):diverse views各種觀(guān)點(diǎn)diverse shapes不同的形狀for diverse reasons因種種理由diverse members各個(gè)成員活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空1)Art museums are places where people can learn about_ cultures.A. delicateB. miniatureC. unnecessaryD. diverse2)The reasons for homelessness are _, but poverty is undoubted one of the main causes.A. freeB. diverseC. formerD. productive答案:1)D2)B7. resign vt. &vi. 辭職巧記提示：re-(前綴, “后退, 回應(yīng)”)+sign (簽名)經(jīng)典例句：The general resigned his mission because of his old age.將軍因?yàn)榧o(jì)大了, 辭去了他的職務(wù)。The simplest thing is for him to resign at once for what he has done.因?yàn)樽约旱乃魉鶠? 最簡(jiǎn)單的做法就是他立即辭職?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:resignation n. 辭職, 辭職書(shū);resigned adj. 順從的;resignedly adv. 服從地2)同義詞:retire vi. 退休, 引退3)resign 常與from連用。如:The young man couldnt stand his boss temper and resigned from his job.這位輕人忍受不了老板的脾氣, 因此辭職了。4)resign 作“聽(tīng)從, 順從, 甘心于”講時(shí), 常與to連用, not resign oneself to “不甘心”。如:We should never resign ourselves to being defeated. 我們將永遠(yuǎn)不甘心于失敗。5)resign 作“把托交給, 委托”講時(shí), 和介詞to/into連用, resign.to.“把托付給”。如:She resigned her children to the care of her sister.她把孩子交給她妹妹照管。6)相關(guān)短語(yǔ):resign oneself to使聽(tīng)從于resign oneself to extinction束手待斃resign ones position 辭去職務(wù)resign office辭職resign oneself to ones fate聽(tīng)天由命活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空1)The mayor had_ from his position for his absence off the accident.A. to resignB. to carve C. to allocate D. to flee2)Having been teaching for 30 years, Mr. Zhang decided _on the following Teachers Day.A. retiredB. to retireC. retiringD. retire答案:1)A2)B8. elect vt. 選舉, 推選巧記提示：elect（選舉)select(挑選)經(jīng)典例句：The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country.政府是由這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民選出的人員組成的。Mr. Zhang was elected as the sixth headmaster last month.張老師上個(gè)月被選為第六任校長(zhǎng)。考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:electee n. 當(dāng)選者, 當(dāng)選人;election n. 選舉, 當(dāng)選；elective adj. 選任的, 有選舉權(quán)的2)同義詞:vote for 投票贊成3)elect vt. 選舉, 推選All the students elected Li Hua as their monitor for his ability.所有的學(xué)生因?yàn)槔钊A的能力而推選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。4)elect vt. 作出選擇, 決定He elected to bee a doctor.他決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.她決定孩子出生后再去作工作。5)辨析elect, choose, select, pick和prefer：elect選舉。choose系常用詞，指“一般的選擇”，側(cè)重“憑個(gè)人意志或判斷進(jìn)行選擇”。select強(qiáng)調(diào)“在廣泛的范圍內(nèi)精選、淘汰”，側(cè)重“以客觀(guān)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行選擇”。pick強(qiáng)調(diào)“從個(gè)人角度在眾多中進(jìn)行挑選”，有時(shí)含有“任意選擇”的意思。prefer指“偏愛(ài)、更喜歡”，有時(shí)“只表示自己的看法，不一定加以選擇”?；顚W(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空_to the House（議院)a person must be twenty-five years old and must have been a United States citizen for seven years.A. ElectedB. ElectingC. To be electedD. To elect答案:C9. fragrant adj. 有香味的經(jīng)典例句：The air in the garden was warm and fragrant.花園里的空氣又溫暖又芬芳?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:fragrance n. 香氣, 香味;fragrantly adv. 芬芳地2)fragrant adj. 有香味的。如:When spring es, the air smells fragrant in our school.春天來(lái)的時(shí)候, 校園里香味撲鼻。3)fragrant adj. 芳香的, 美好的。如:The old picture reminds me of fragrant memories as a child in my hometown.這張舊照片勾起了我對(duì)小時(shí)候在家鄉(xiāng)的甜蜜回憶。活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空The students benefit from the_ smell the trees and flowers send out.A. greatB. fragrantC. negativeD. mountainous答案:B10. undertake vt. 著手做, 從事巧記提示：under（在底下)take（承擔(dān))經(jīng)典例句：They undertook planting trees in the desert.他們著手在沙漠里種樹(shù)。Since he graduated from the college, he has been undertaking experiments and calculations.自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后, 他一直在從事實(shí)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算（工作）?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:undertaker n. 承辦者, 承擔(dān)者;undertaking n. 事業(yè), 企業(yè)2)同義詞:take on 承擔(dān);著手做3)undertake 作“著手做, 從事”講時(shí), 常接表示重要事物的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:We had a trip to the west to undertake an experiment about the nuclear.我們到西部作了一次旅行在進(jìn)行一次核試驗(yàn)。4)undertake 還可意為“承擔(dān)，接受”。如：The work was undertaken by members of the mittee.此項(xiàng)工作由委員會(huì)成員承擔(dān)。5)undertake 意為“保證, 斷言, 答應(yīng)”時(shí), 常接不定式或從句作賓語(yǔ)。如:I cant undertake that you will make a profit.我不能擔(dān)保你會(huì)獲利。He undertook to be here at five.他答應(yīng)五點(diǎn)鐘到這里來(lái)。6)相關(guān)短語(yǔ):undertake a task開(kāi)始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)undertake a post擔(dān)任一個(gè)職位活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空I undertook _the children English.A. taughtB. teachC. teachingD. to teach答案:D11. squeeze vt. 擠經(jīng)典例句：He squeezed the tube hard and the last bit of toothpaste came out.他使勁擠牙膏管, 擠出了最后一點(diǎn)牙膏?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)派生詞:squeezability n. 威嚇, 壓迫, squeezable adj. 可壓擠的, 可逼迫的2)squeeze out of/from榨出, 擠出;勒索, 強(qiáng)取。如:She squeezed some juice from a lemon.她從一只檸檬中擠出了一些汁。That guy squeezed money out of his old mother.那家伙勒索老母親的錢(qián)財(cái)。3)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):at a squeeze 在危急中be in a tight squeeze 陷入困境give sb. a squeeze of the hand緊握某人的手put the squeeze on sb. 對(duì)某人施加壓力squeeze into 使擠進(jìn)活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空After the water is _, the ball-shaped pieces are put under the sun to dry before they can be used as a firewood.A. boiled downB. fired upC. kicked offD. squeezed out答案:D12. abolish vt. 廢除經(jīng)典例句：These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.這些迷信做法應(yīng)盡早取消?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:abolishment n. 廢止, 革除;abolitionism n. 廢除主義;abolisher n. 廢除者2)反義詞:establish vt. 建立, 設(shè)立3)abolish 指“消除長(zhǎng)期存在的風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等”。如:Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.不良的習(xí)俗和法規(guī)應(yīng)予以廢除?；顚W(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空All the unequal treaties were pletely _ after the war.A. to abolishB. abolishedC. abolishing D. abolish答案:B13. furthermore adv. 此外, 而且巧記提示：further(進(jìn)一步)more（更)經(jīng)典例句：The house is too small, and furthermore, its too far from the office.這座房子太小, 而且離辦公地點(diǎn)也太遠(yuǎn)?？键c(diǎn)聚焦：1)同根詞:furthermost adj. 最遠(yuǎn)方的, 最遠(yuǎn)的;furthersome adj. 有利的2)同義詞:besides adv. 此外;in addition此外;moreover而且3)furthermore 作為過(guò)渡連接詞，表示增補(bǔ)，比較正式，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。如:Would you like to go out for a walk?你愿意出去散步嗎?I dont want to e out now, and furthermore, I must work.我現(xiàn)在不想出去, 而且我還得工作。活學(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空Its too late to go to the basketball match now, and_, its beginning to rain.A. besideB. as well asC. furthermoreD. more答案:C14. consequently adv. 所以, 因此巧記提示：consequent(adj. 作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的）+-ly（副詞后綴）經(jīng)典例句：Mr. Foster has never been to China. Consequently he knows very little about it.福斯特先生從未去過(guò)中國(guó), 所以對(duì)中國(guó)了解得很少。考點(diǎn)聚焦：1)同義詞:therefore, as a result2)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：be consequent on/upon因而引起的;隨而發(fā)生的。如:The confusion is consequent on the earthquake.混亂是由地震引起的。3)辨析consequently和so:consequently “因而, 所以”, 是副詞, 只能作狀語(yǔ)。如:We do not have enough money. Consequently we cannot afford to buy the new car.我們的錢(qián)不夠, 因此買(mǎi)不成這輛新車(chē)。so “因此”, 是并列連詞, 連接兩個(gè)并列的句子。如:I missed the train so I was late for work.我沒(méi)有趕上火車(chē), 結(jié)果上班遲到了?；顚W(xué)活用：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空After the ship hit the rock, the sailors tried to prevent the oil from spilling and_ it didnt cause damage to sea life.A. as a result ofB. soC. thereD. consequently答案:D