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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit1 Women of achievement Grammar 新人教必修4 課前預(yù)習(xí) 本課語法呈現(xiàn) 主謂一致Agreement 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 在英語的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 語法一致： 即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 一、當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果表示同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，此時(shí)and后面的名詞無冠詞。 如 表示不同的人或物時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，此時(shí)and后面的名詞有冠詞。 The worker and writer is from Shanghai. 那個(gè)工人兼作家 來自上海。 The writer and the worker are ing to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學(xué)校。（兩個(gè)人） The League secretary and monitor is asked to make a speech at the meeting. 二、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語), 動(dòng)名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如： 1. Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 2. To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。 三、不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式; Eg: Is everyone here? Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。 四、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如： 1）Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 意義一致： 即主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 一、由集體名詞,如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等作主語時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成其中各成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 　 1. His family is very large.　 他家是一個(gè)大家庭。 2. His family are music lovers.　 他的家人都是音樂愛好者 3. The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來。 二、代詞作主語 He is reading English Neither of them is or are big. 三、表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式; Two years has passed since I left China; One million dollars is a great sum of money. 四、以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式; 1. Every means has been tried since then. 2. No news is good news. 五、the＋adj.作主語 the＋adj.,表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等 the+ adj.,表示一類抽象的事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如the beautiful, the good等 1. The old __are__ taken good care of in our society. 2. The beautiful __is__not always the same as the good. 就近原則： 即謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語 如：Or; Not but; Either or; Neither nor; Not only but also 1．One or two days are enough to see the city． 2. The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。 3. The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來。 就遠(yuǎn)原則： “主語+ 附屬結(jié)構(gòu)” 作主語，謂語與主語一致 當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, including等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由 主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。 1. The teacher with two students was at the meeting . 2. All but one were here just now. 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city． A. is B. are C. am D. be 2． Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind． A. is B. are C. am D. be 3． Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another． A. is B. are C. am D. be 4．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film． A. is B. are C. am D. be 5．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday． A. was B. were C. has been D. have been 6．A woman with some children ____ soon． A. is ing B. are ing C. has e D. have e 7．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。 A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known 8．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already． A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading 9．All but one ____ in the accident． A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed 10. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” ------ “I suppose so.” A. Will be B. Is C. Are D. Were 11. A library with five thousand books ______to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 12. When and where to build the new factory _______ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 13. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 14. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily munication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 15. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 16. Neither of your suggestions ______ sense. A. makes B. make C. is made D. are made 17. The audience ______their seats in the music hall. A. are taking B. is taking C. are taken D. was taken 18. David is one of the boys who _____a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having 19. The police ____ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with ______. A. have; them B. has; him C. have; him D. has; them 20. Five multiplied by two ____ ten. A. is equal B. equals C. equal with D. equal to 反饋檢測(cè) 完成句子 1. 直到音樂會(huì)開始了，他的女朋友才來。 2. 她搬回家住，好照顧生病的雙親。 3. 向初學(xué)者解釋這個(gè)問題很難。 4. 為什么不出去和我一起看電影？ 5. 昨天我們?cè)谂e行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的時(shí)候，我碰巧遇上了初中的一位同學(xué)。 完型填空 Dick was a clever boy, but his parents were poor, _1_ he had to work in his spare time, and during his holiday too, _2_ his education. _3_ this, he _4_ to get to the university. But it was _5_ expensive to study there that during the holidays he had to get two jobs at the same time _6_earn enough money _7_ his studies. One summer he managed to get a job in a butcher’s shop during the day-time, and _8_ in a hospital _9_. In the shop, he learnt to cut meat up quite nicely. So the butcher often _10_ him do all the serving. In the hospital, on the other _11_, he was, of course, _12_ only _13_ jobs, like helping to lift people and to carry them from one part of the hospital to another. Both at the butcher’s shop and at the hospital, Dick had to _14_ white clothes, and he couldn’t wear any other colored __15__. One evening at the hospital, Dick had to help to _16_ a woman from her bed to the operation room. The woman _17_ to be one of his __18_. She was already feeling frightened at the thought of the operation _19_ he came to get her. But when she saw Dick, he frightened her. “No!”, “No!” she cried. “Not, the butcher! I won’t be operated __20_ by the butcher!” And she fainted away. 1. A. and B. or C. yet D. so 2. A. to pay for B. to pay off C. paying for D. paying off 3. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Although D. for 4. A. wanted B. tried C. managed D. wished 5. A. very B. too C. such D. so 6. A. so that B. in order that C. so as D. so as to 7. A. for B. on C. with D. about 8. A. other B. the other C. another D. one 9. A. at night B. in the morning C. in the afternoon D. in his spare time 10. A. allowed B. let C. promised D. permitted 11. A. side B. back C. hand D. end 12. A. let doing B. promised to do C. allowed to do D. made to do 13. A. simple B. simpler C. less simpler D. the simplest 14. A. wear B. put on C. pull on D. have on 15. A. clothing B. clothes C. suit D. jacket 16. A. carry B. bring C. take D. send 17. A. seemed B. proved C. happened D. was found 18. A. friends B. classmates C. relatives D. customers 19. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. before 20. A. at B. on C. with D. about 第3課時(shí) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 一、1-5BCBBA 6-10ABABB 11-15AACAC 16-20.AABAB 反饋檢測(cè) 一、1. Not until the concert had begun did his girlfriend e. 2. She moved back home to care for her sick parents. 3. It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. 4. Why not go out and see a film with me? 5. I met one of my Junior schoolmates by chance yesterday when we were having a sports meeting 二、答案：1-5DABCD 6-10DACAB 11-15CCDAB 16-20ACDDB