2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit16 Stories語(yǔ)法.剖析.活用 北師大版選修6過(guò)去完成時(shí)概念過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was the violinist that I had met once before. 用于間接引語(yǔ)在間接引語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said , told , asked ,后面的從句中，常常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示在談話或產(chǎn)生想法之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He said that he had witnessed the earthquake in 1976.用于賓語(yǔ)從句中過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)常常用于thought, wondered, guessed, found, realized等詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)心里活動(dòng)之前的動(dòng)作。When he came back, he found that great change had taken place in Pompeii.用于復(fù)合句中中過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)常常用于含有 when , before , after , until , hardly when,no sooner than等連詞的復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，但是，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。When I woke up, the volcano had already stopped giving out ashes.用于含有by時(shí)間點(diǎn)的句子中過(guò)去完成時(shí)常與by the end of last week（month，year），by the last week（month）等詞連用。表示截止到某個(gè)時(shí)間為止，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。By the end of , thirty volcanoes had erupted in the Pacific Ocean.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常常與at, when, before, after連用。 Helen Keller came across the flowing water.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)是在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。-|-|-> 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在 Anne realized Helen had felt the water flowing.注意事項(xiàng)表示過(guò)去的連續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用and和but等連詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。He bought a videophone but soon it didnt work.【活學(xué)巧用】.把下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)1. Mr. Smith said to me, “ I have finished cleaning the abandoned house.” 2. “ I have known the volcano very well,” said the scientist. 3.“Ive bought a new harp,” she said to me. 4. “Have you watered your violet, Tim?” the mother asked. 5.“Her words puzzled me very much because I didnt then understand anything ,”said Helen. .完成句子1. Marx wrote back telling Engels that .(極大地鼓勵(lì)了他)2. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we . (在這之前，見(jiàn)面好幾次)3. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium . (已經(jīng)完工了)4. The news came as no surprise to me. I (已經(jīng)知道一些時(shí)間了) that the factory was going to shut down.5. I arrived late; I (沒(méi)有預(yù)料到) the road to be so icy. .1.He told me that he had finished cleaning the abandoned house.2.The scientist said that he had known the volcano very well. 3.She told me that she had bought a new harp.4.The mother asked Tim whether he had watered his violet.5.Helen said her words had puzzled her very much because she hadnt then understand anything.1.his praise had greatly encouraged him.2.had seeneach other a couple of times before that.3.had been pletedin Beijing.4.had knownfor some time5.hadnt expected單項(xiàng)填空1.(全國(guó)卷I,27)Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had _ his leg. A.damaged B.hurt C.hit D.struck【思路解析】本題考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。damage指“破壞，損壞”；hurt“傷害，使受傷”； hit“擊中，打中”；strike指“擊打，敲打”。句意為“Mike不能踢球是因?yàn)樗耐仁軅??！惫蔴urt符合要求。 答案：B 2. (全國(guó)III,12) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would planD. had planned【思路解析】D 為婚禮作計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在花費(fèi)spend之前，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)had planned。3. (天津,3)-Did Linda see the traffic accident?-No, no sooner than it happened.A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone【思路解析】A “她一走就發(fā)生了”，no sooner than表示一就，其中no sooner之后用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，than之后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)no sooner位于句首時(shí)，句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。主句的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，從句的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。4.(湖南24) I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _to half a dozen other groups.A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given【思路解析】C說(shuō)話人向other groups做報(bào)告發(fā)生在向a large group of people做報(bào)告之前，此句前半句是一般過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前, 所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。5. (北京，24) He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 【思路解析】D when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在he entered the university之前。6. (福建, 28) Father _ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left【思路解析】D 根據(jù)所提供的情景可判斷出父親出發(fā)去倫敦的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在my arrival 之前， 所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。have sth. done意為使（讓、請(qǐng)）別人做某事。其中have是使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使、讓”, 而不是“有”的意思，后接賓語(yǔ)sth., 過(guò)去分詞done作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作是別人做的，不是由句子的主語(yǔ)完成的,有意識(shí)地讓別人替自己做事, sth. 與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。He has had his hair cut. 他請(qǐng)人給他理發(fā)了。 The princess is going to have her new clothes made by a young tailor. 公主打算要一個(gè)輕的裁縫給她做一套新衣服。表示遭遇到不幸的事情。此時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是無(wú)意中的受害者，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球時(shí)腿受了傷。The girl had her precious musical instrument in the storm last Sunday.那個(gè)女孩在暴風(fēng)雨中，傷了她的寶貴的樂(lè)器。此種結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式，即not have sth done 偶爾用來(lái)表示不允許發(fā)生某事。 We wont have anything said against our violinist.我們不允許人這樣攻擊我們的小提琴家。have sb do sth. have + sb. （賓語(yǔ)） + do sth （賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）意為“讓 / 叫 / 使某人做某事”。have 是使役動(dòng)詞， sb. 作賓語(yǔ)，其后的 do sth. 是省去 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。My father often has me study for 10 hours a day. 父親經(jīng)常要我一天學(xué)習(xí) 10 個(gè)小時(shí)。The novelist had the victim talk about the volcanic eruption. 那位小說(shuō)家讓那位受害者談及火山的爆發(fā)。have sth./sb. doing使某物或某人正在做某事”。其中have也是使役動(dòng)詞（讓、使、叫），后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，其賓補(bǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間不但存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行或同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。You would have everybody teasing you if you did such a tiresome thing.如果你做這樣令人厭煩的事情， 你將使得每個(gè)人嘲笑你。The scientists have the workers working day and night in the Pompeiis ruins now.科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在使得工人們正在在旁貝廢墟里工作。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用于否定式，表示“不能讓”，“不允許”。 I will not have you talking to Mother like that. 我不能讓你和媽這樣說(shuō)話。 have sth to do有某事要做, have是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為 “有”，不定式to do是賓語(yǔ)sth.的定語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 不定式若用被動(dòng)式，則句子的主語(yǔ)就不是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者了。He will have his biology to write. 他要寫他的傳記。I have my biology to be written.我要找人寫我的傳記。漢譯英1.我們剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。 2.我要叫孩子去寄這封信。3.你最好把車子開慢點(diǎn)。 4.你有什么東西需要帶到城里去嗎？5.他應(yīng)該用這塊絢麗多彩的布料做一身新衣服。1.We had the machine mended just now. 2.I will have my boy mail this letter. 3.Youd better have your car running slowly. 4.Have you anything to be taken to the city by me or someone else?5.Heshouldhavenewclothesmadeofthissplendidcloth.