單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,How to describe graphs and charts,Different kinds of charts,Table,注意抓住圖表個性( characteristic)。不同類型的圖表反映的信息重點不一樣：柱狀圖的描寫重點在于比較和對比；,曲線圖重點在于描述曲線的上升與下降趨勢，并對明顯的高峰和低谷進行細節(jié)描寫；餅狀圖應(yīng)該依次描寫，突出重點，如果有幾個餅圖，還應(yīng)作對應(yīng)的比較；,表格信息相對而言不很直觀，應(yīng)在仔細閱讀之后發(fā)現(xiàn)其特點，找出突出鮮明的信息對比描寫。,描述順序,Paragraph,I:,（,1,）描述 趨勢,+,細節(jié)；,Paragraph,II,:,理由,+,觀點,Paragraph,III,:,預(yù)測,+,解決方法,描述順序,Paragraph I:（1）描述圖表：趨勢描寫；（2）描述圖表：必要數(shù)據(jù)支持（細節(jié)性）。,Paragraph II:（1）提出自己理由和觀點；（2）細節(jié)性分論點（支持自己觀點）。,Paragraph III:（1）預(yù)測未來和提出解決方法；（2）總結(jié)全文和表達作者自己觀點。,Practice:,Please write a composition based on the graph titled “Smoking Is on the Decline in Cancer City”.,gradual increase,dramatic fall/sharp drop,to bottom out,steady drop,remain steady,sharp rise,trough,peak,Verbs:,to increase; to rise; to move upwards; to go up; to climb; to soar; to shoot up; to peak,Nouns:,an increase; a rise; an upward movement; an upward trend; a peak,1. To indicate upward movement,Verbs:,to decrease; to reduce; to drop; to decline; to go down; to fall; to reach a low point,Nouns:,a decrease; a fall; a drop; a low point,2. To indicate downward movement,to remain steady; to stay constant; to remain stable; to level off; to stabilize,3. To indicate no movement,4. To indicate a change in direction,to recover;,to fluctuate,5. To indicate a change in degree,7. To indicate time,1.表示在某一時間點用“_”.,E.g. The number was small _the beginning,of 1920.,2.表示在兩段時間之間用,E.g. There was a rise of 9 _1920,_ 1930.,3.表示一段時間用“ ”,或“,E.g. 1940至1950年間漲了10%。,1950至1960年間呈下跌趨勢。,There was a rise of 10%_.,There was a fall_.,at,at,between and.,between,and,during the periodand,over the periodand.”.,during the period 1940 and 1950,over the period 1950 and 1960.,8. To indicate increase / decrease,1,. 增加/減少的數(shù)值用“_”表示.,Rice production _,_,(1990年增加了10%),Crude oil production _,_,. (1990年減少了10%),2,. 增加/減少到的數(shù)值用“_”表示.,Rice production rose by 10%_ (1990年增長到了5000萬噸）,Crude oil production decreased,by,10% _ (1990年下降到360萬桶）,.,3. 從多少增加或減少到多少用“_”表示.,Rice production_. (從1989年的500萬噸增長到1990年的550萬噸）,Crude oil production_,_,(從1989年的400萬桶減少至1990年的60萬桶）,by,rosed by 10% in 1990.,decreased by 10% in 1990.,to,to 50 million tons in 1990.,to,3,600,000 barrels in 1990.,from to,rose,from,5,000,000 tons in 1989,to,5,500,000 tons in 1990.,decreased,from,4,000,000 barrels in 1989,to,600,000 barrels in 1990,9. To indicate times (倍數(shù)),1.倍數(shù)的增加用“_”或“_”,表示, _也可以省略.,E.g. _,生產(chǎn)量從1990年以來增長了5倍。,E.g. _,生產(chǎn)量從1990年以來增長了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,The production capacity has increase,(by) five times,since 1990.,The production capacity has increased (by) 500 percent since 1990.,by,9. To indicate times (倍數(shù)),1.倍數(shù)的增加用“_”或“_”,表示, _也可以省略.,E.g. _,生產(chǎn)量從1990年以來增長了5倍。,E.g. _,生產(chǎn)量從1990年以來增長了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,The production capacity has increase,(by) five times,since 1990.,The production capacity has increased (by) 500 percent since 1990.,by,2.倍數(shù)的比較: “是,的n倍,”,用_表示；,“比,大n倍”用_,1995年的產(chǎn)量是1990年的5倍。,1995年的產(chǎn)量比1990年大5倍。, times as much as .”, times greater than .”.,The production capacity in 1995 was,five times as much as,that of 1990.,The production capacity in 1995 was,five times greater than,that in 1990.,Try your hand -1,Step One,The following graph shows sales trends of a company between 1994 and 2000. look at the graph carefully and answer the questions below. Use the words and expressions in bold to help you.,Sales in $ Million,Questions:,1,) In which year did clothing sales and toy sales,remain approximately the same,?,2) During which period did clothing sales,rise steadily,?,3) During which period did toy sales,decrease significantly,?,4) During which period was there,a slight increase,in toy sales?,5) During which period was there,a dramatic rise,in toy sales?,6) In which year did clothing sales,reach a peak,?,7) In which year did toy sales,hit the lowest point,over the seven-year period?,8) During which period did toy sales,remain constant,?,9) During which two periods was there,a sharp drop,in clothing sales?,10) In which year was there,the biggest difference,between clothing sales and toy sales?,Questions:,1) In which year did clothing sales and toy sales,remain approximately the same,?,2) During which period did clothing sales,rise steadily,?,3) During which period did toy sales,decrease significantly,?,4) During which period was there,a slight increase,in toy sales?,5) During which period was there,a dramatic rise,in toy sales?,In 1997.,1997-2000.,1994-1995.,1998-1999.,1995-1996.,6) In which year did clothing sales,reach a peak,?,7) In which year did toy sales,hit the lowest point,over the seven-year period?,8) During which period did toy sales,remain constant,?,9) During which two periods was there,a sharp drop,in clothing sales?,10) In which year was there,the biggest difference,between clothing sales and toy sales?,In 2000.,In 1995.,1996-1997.,1994-1995 and 1996-1997.,In 1994.,Try your hands 2,Describe trends in graphs,Try to describe the following graph in your own words.,Then match the following graphs with the corresponding descriptions.,a) Production fell considerably over the first three quarters, reaching a low of 20. Since then it has staged a partial recovery.,b) Production has fluctuated all year.,c ) Production started climbing steadily but remained at a level of around 70. Since then, it has fallen steadily.,d ) Production grew more and more rapidly over the first three quarters but then reached a peak. Since then, it has quickly dropped.,e) Production increased slightly at first, but then suffered a sharp drop in the last two quarters.,f) Production grew rapidly in the first quarter, but reached a plateau of about 70. Since then it has remained more or less stable.,1,3,2,5,4,6,c,d,f,a,e,b,Try your hand -3,Step 2,Work in pairs:,Graph 1 below shows a companys sales to South Asia over a one-year period. Describe it to your partner, who should draw it on Graph,1.,2) Listen to your partners description of Graph 2 and draw it on Graph,2.,3) Compare the graphs you and,your,partner drew,with,the original ones.,Sales to south Asia ($ Million),Student :Graph 1,Exports ($ Million),Student A:Graph ,Sales to south Asia ($ Million),Graph 1,Graph 1,The graph shows the fluctuation in a companys sales to South Asia over a period of twelve months. According to the graph, sales to South Asia increased steadily from 7 million dollars in January to 10 million dollars in May. After this , sales fell dramatically, hitting the lowest point in June at 6 million dollars. There was then a slight increase in July. Between July and September sales stayed constant at a little over 6 million dollars. There was then a sharp rise between September and November with a peak of 11 million dollars in November. After November sales decilned significantly to 8 million dollars.,Exports ($ Million),Graph 2,Graph,2,The graph shows a companys exports between 1995 and 2004. Exports fell st,eadily from 15 million dollars in,1995 to 14 million dollars in 1997. Then they went up sharply, reaching a peak of 17 million dollars in 1998. After this, there was a slight decline in 1999. Between 1999 and 2002 exports fell and rose evenly with a plateau ( 高原) around 2001 of 16 million dollars. There was then a steep fall in exports from nearly 17 million dollars in 2002 to 13 million dollars in 2004.,Homework,請在以下表格任選一個，以小組為單位，寫一篇圖表作文。作文大綱如下：,1.請描述圖表,2. 說明引起變化的各種原因,3. 簡單闡述仍然存在的問題并提出解決建議,Line chart,Bar chart,