2019-2020年高中英語 Unit4 Learning efficiently-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10一、核心單詞用法例析1. efficient a. 生效的、效率高的；有能力的Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run.我們高效率的新機器運行成本底多了。注意：effective a. 有力的、給人以深刻印象的Well take some effective measures to stop their polluting the environment.我們將要采取有效的措施制止他們對環(huán)境的污染。2. recipe n. 處方、食譜、訣竅I am unable to cook but sometimes I can prepare a simple meal by following a recipe.我不會做飯，但是有時候我可以按照食譜做一點便餐。Would you please tell us your recipe for success?跟我們說說你成功的竅門好嗎？3. improve vt. & vi. 改進、利用、增加、變得更好Many young people improve their leisure by studying.許多年輕人利用空閑時間進行學(xué)習(xí)。4. digest vt. & vi. n. 消化、領(lǐng)會、整理、忍受、摘要Cheese doesnt digest easily.奶酪不容易消化。His rudeness is hard to digest.他的粗魯無禮貌讓人很難忍受。Can you digest the important points of this article?你們能領(lǐng)會這篇文章的要點嗎？5. beneath pron. & adv. 在。（正）下方、低于、有失身份（尊嚴(yán)）、不值得Such behaviour is beneath you.這樣的行為有失你的身份。What he said is beneath notice.他說的不值得注意。請比較：Our ine is below average.我們的收入在平均水平以下。The boy sitting under the electric fan is the best in our class.坐在電風(fēng)扇下的男孩是我們班上最好的學(xué)生。Its beneath us to quarrel with such a mean fellow.和這樣卑鄙的家伙爭吵有失我們的身份。6. adopt vt. 采納、收養(yǎng)The mittee adopted my suggestions.委員會采納了我的建議。His wife has not borne him any child so they decided to adopt a boy.他妻子到現(xiàn)在都沒有生孩子，所以他們決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個男孩。注：adapt是“適應(yīng)、改寫”的意思。比如：We should adapt ourselves to the new conditions.我們要使自己適應(yīng)新的形勢。This play is adapted from a novel.這個劇本是由小說改編的。7. assess vt. 對。進行評估、征收稅款They are assessing his house.他們在對他的房屋進行評估。Im assessed at 500 yuan a month for the salaries.我每個月被征收元的工資稅。8.acute adj. 尖銳的、敏銳的、劇烈的、急性的Many of the animals have an acute sense of smell許多動物有敏銳的嗅覺。The girl is in acute pain.那個小女孩感到劇痛。9. bent adj. & n. 彎的、不正直的、決心的、愛好He is a bent copper; he isnt straight.他是一個不正直的警察。My son has a bent for painting.我兒子愛好繪畫。10. tend vt. & vi. 照管、護理、招待；走向、趨勢、傾向、有助于She tended her husband lovingly during his long illness.在她丈夫長期生病的過程中，她非常精心地照顧了他。Interest rates are tending upwards.利息在上漲。We tend to be optimistic.我們傾向于樂觀。注意：intend to do sth是“打算、想要”意思。比如：Ive made a mistake, though I didnt intend to.我犯了一個錯誤，盡管我不想（犯錯誤）。11. tiresome adj. 使人疲勞的、令人厭倦的This is a tiresome piece of work.這是一件累人的事。12. concrete adj. n. vt. & vi. 具體的、混凝土（制的）、使凝固、固結(jié)We must make a concrete analysis of concrete problems.我們必須對具體問題作具體分析。The workman is still busy concreting the road.工人們還在給路面澆注水泥。13. consult vi.& vt. n. 磋商、會診、查閱、考慮、Have you consulted your doctor about your illness你找過醫(yī)生給你診斷過你的病嗎？I was once consulting for a large building firm.我曾經(jīng)在一家大的建筑公司做顧問。Consulting the students convenience to and from school, the local government built a bridge over the river.考慮到學(xué)生們上學(xué)來回的方便，當(dāng)?shù)卣谶@河上架起了一座橋。二、高三選修10 Unit 4 Learning efficiently詞組句型解析1. in detail 詳細(xì)地Will you explain it to us in detail?請你給我們詳細(xì)地解釋一下這件事吧。2. think about 考慮、回想、想起We are thinking about inviting a professor from Beijing University to give us a lecture.我們正在考慮從北京大學(xué)請一位教授來給我們做報告。3. at the beginning 在開始時刻地點Do you start at the beginning and continue reading to the end or do you other things first?你是從文章開頭（的地方）開始然后繼續(xù)讀到結(jié)尾，還是先做其他的事，比如。？請比較：In the beginning of the class, the teacher asked us some questions.在剛開始上課時（剛開始那一段時間內(nèi)），老師問了我們一些問題。4. agree with 同意、和。一致、適應(yīng)I agree with you/ your opinion/ your idea.The soup/ weather doesnt agree with me.注意：agree on 是“雙方或幾方面就某一件事達成統(tǒng)一的意見或協(xié)議”意思；agree to是“一方不得不同意或接受另一方意見等”意思。比如：They agreed on the price of the car.他們就小車的價格達成了一致（的意見）。He agreed to his wife on buying a new flat.他只好同意他妻子的意見買一套新公寓。5. would like to do 想要做某事（也有說：should like to do）Id like to hear what you will tell me.我想聽一聽你能告訴我什么。6. look forward to doing 期待、盼望。（常用進行時態(tài)）We are looking forward to your reply.我們期盼著你的答復(fù)。注意：The boy is looking forward to see clearly whether its a snake or a rope.那孩子傾身向前想要看個究竟，這到底是一條蛇還是一根繩索？7. find out (通過調(diào)查研究)得知、發(fā)現(xiàn)I wont tell you; you must find out for yourself.我不會告訴你的；你要自己去找。8. such as 像。這種的、諸如。之類的、例如Such girls as he knew were teachers.像他所認(rèn)識的這些女孩是老師。Books of reference, such as dictionaries and handbooks, sell well nowadays.參考書，比如詞典、手冊之類的， 現(xiàn)在很暢銷。9. the same () as 和。一樣The 2 brothers look the same as each other.那兄弟倆長得一模一樣。注意：也有the same that結(jié)構(gòu)，但是兩者的意思有區(qū)別。比如：Tom is wearing the same coat that his father did last winter. 湯姆穿著他爸爸去年冬天穿過的襖子。（同一件）10. apply to應(yīng)用于。、向。提出。We should apply the theory to practice.我們要把理論應(yīng)用于實際。Im applying myself to piling this handbook during these days.最近我在致力于這本手冊的編寫。11. up to 從事于、勝任、輪到、該由、直到What are you up to here?你在這里要干什么？Im not up to this job.我不能勝任這項工作。Its up to you to decide when we shall start. 何時動身由你決定。This kind of single-lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.這種單肺魚離開水面能生存多達小時。12. the way 用這樣的方法、從。樣子看來He doesnt speak the way I do.他講話的方式和我的不一樣。The way you work, you must be a master carpenter.看你干活的樣子，你一定是個技術(shù)熟練的木匠師傅。13. keep in mind 記住He promised to keep my wishes in mind.他承諾要記住我的愿望。14. in a way 某中程度上、在某一點上This has been well done in a way.從某方面講，這件工作做得很好了。15. set up 建起、支起、組建、供給、恢復(fù)健康Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escape prisoner.警察設(shè)置路障抓捕逃犯。We are well set up for the apples.這些蘋果能供我們吃一段時間了。He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。16. make sense講得通，有意義；make sense of 弄懂。的意思This sentence doesnt make sense.這個句子講不通。I cant make sense of this email.我看不懂這封信的意思。17. be similar to 與。相似Our opinions are similar to theirs.我們的意見和他們的相似。18. as long as 只要。（注意：as long as的語氣比if重）You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.你可以出去，只要你答應(yīng)十一點鐘之前回來。19. relate to 與。有關(guān)（關(guān)系良好）She doesnt relate very well to her mother.她與她母親的關(guān)系不好。20. Some others and some few .一些。其他的。，還有一些。這是很有用途的句型，常被用來敘述一個整體里不同的分類情況。比如：Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.有些書只須淺嘗，有些書可以吞咽（囫圇吞棗），只有少數(shù)須要咀嚼、慢慢地消化。We have 40 students in our class. Some are from the local city, others from the countryside and a few from other provinces.我們班有人。一些是本市的，（另）一些是鄉(xiāng)下的，還有少數(shù)來自外省。21. prefer to rather than寧可。而不愿。I prefer to be shown what to do rather than be told.我寧愿人家做給我看，而不愿要別人跟我說如何如何去做。They prefer to listen to explanations or instructions rather than read them.他們寧愿聽（別人）解釋或指示，也不去讀。22. too to do sth 太。以至不能。Its never too late to learn.活到老學(xué)到老（永遠(yuǎn)也不會太遲了以至不能學(xué)習(xí)）。23. I wish I were doing as well in my English class.我希望在英語課堂上做的同樣好。wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。（參見本單元“語法知識歸納”）24. Can you figure out ?你能領(lǐng)會到算出來？Can you figure out the meaning of unknown words from the context?你能從上下文中斷定生詞的意思嗎？三、課文長句難點剖析1. It is the same with reading. 剖析：句子中It is the same with是“。也如此”的意思，相當(dāng)于So it is with句型。用于前面描述的是“兩中或兩種以上”的不同情況，這些情況對于后者來說也如此。比如：Tom is very weak and lazy.湯姆非常虛弱也很懶。So it is with his wife./It is the same with his wife.他的妻子也如此。譯文：閱讀也如此。2. One way to test whether a text is at the right level is to read the first page.剖析：動詞不定式短語作定語修飾way；該不定式短語里含有一個賓語從句。譯文：檢測一篇課文是否適合（閱讀）的方法就是先讀第一頁。3. If the percentage of new words is higher than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.剖析：句子中and 是連詞、so是副詞，連詞and可以表示“因果”關(guān)系，所以，該句中沒有so也是正確的。這不是倒裝句。譯文：如果生詞超過，你們會覺得課文難讀，因此，也許欣賞不了。4. That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as studying biology.剖析：句中as well as是固定短語，意思是：也、又。比如：This boy is lively as well as healthy. 譯文：這樣子，你們既訓(xùn)練了英語閱讀又學(xué)習(xí)了生物。5. but I still get only about 20 out of 40 correct in the test.剖析：句子中out of是“從。里面”的意思。該短語還有“在。外、離開、出于由于、缺乏、越出。之外”等意思。（參見：第三單元“關(guān)鍵短語詳解”第條）His coat was made out of his fathers.他的襖子是用他父親的襖子改制成的。譯文：可是在測試中，四十個單詞我仍然只能正確地寫出個左右。6. I would rather rely on a written list than on my memory.剖析：句子中rely on是“依仗、信賴、對。有信心”意思。比如：You may rely on it that she wont be late.你們可以放心，她不會 遲到的。譯文：（我去買東西的時候，）我寧可依賴寫下來的條子也不用大腦記東西。7. I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.剖析：句子中tend to do是“有。趨勢、傾向”的意思。譯文：在閱讀或做聽力的時候，我有一種傾向，好像在腦子里看到一幅一幅的圖畫。8. I usually remember peoples faces but I am often vague about their names.剖析：be vague about是“對。模糊”意思。比如：Im vague about what she said at the meeting yesterday.我記不清她昨天在會上講了些什么。譯文：我通常能記住人們的面容，但是卻常常忘記他們的名字。四、語法知識歸納梳理虛擬語氣中學(xué)生要掌握“虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用”、“虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的使用”、“虛擬語氣在表達愿望、主張等從句中的使用”和“虛擬語氣在特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用”等。這些是進一步學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要基礎(chǔ)?，F(xiàn)分述如下：1.虛擬條件是指講話人認(rèn)為無法實現(xiàn)、不可能存在的條件。在考題中，會將虛擬條件轉(zhuǎn)成其他的“事實”陳述，而不以if-clause的形式出現(xiàn)。）與現(xiàn)在事實不符的虛擬條件句If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should help us.張教授現(xiàn)在如果在這里，他就能就會也許應(yīng)該幫助我們。（四個情態(tài)動詞各表達講話人不同的講話態(tài)度，要注意選擇使用。）與過去事實不符的虛擬條件句If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天，你如果參加了會議，就應(yīng)該知道會議上討論了什么。Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.湯姆要是早點兒遇到了我，我也許把這件事告訴過他了。（省略if就要將謂語部分的<第一個>動詞調(diào)到句首）真題：1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (xx上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：這是混合時態(tài)、混合語氣的主從復(fù)合句。主句is hard是陳述語氣；賓語從句里的主句謂語would be doing是“與現(xiàn)在事實不符”的虛擬語氣；if引導(dǎo)的條件句謂語應(yīng)該要是與過去事實不符的虛擬語氣，因為at the age of seven是明確的時間狀語。故選B。2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. (xx上海)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析：時間狀語just now和過去時態(tài)連用，因此這是與過去事實不符的虛擬語氣。故選C。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (xx上海)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：從邏輯的角度看，轉(zhuǎn)折副詞otherwise后面總是要接虛擬語氣。該句中hesitated是過去時態(tài)，故選D。4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (xx廣西)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析：8:30就應(yīng)到達，但是現(xiàn)在還沒有出現(xiàn)。Should含有輕微的指責(zé)意。故選A。5. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 23. (xx福建)You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：原因同上。故選D。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (xx全國) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 解析：你不應(yīng)該一句話不說就離家出走的，但是你卻這樣做了，用虛擬語氣。故選B。）與將來事實可能不符的條件句If it were to rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.如果今天下午下雨，足球賽就推遲到下一周星期五。Did Tom e tomorrow(=If Tom came tomorrow), we should show him around our campus.如果湯姆明天來，我們應(yīng)該帶領(lǐng)他參觀我們的校園。If they should play the match against us, we should get the team well organized and try our best to beat them.如果他們真的和我們打比賽，我們應(yīng)該好好地組織并努力戰(zhàn)勝他們。注意：條件句引導(dǎo)詞if若被省略，該條件句則倒裝。在實際使用中，虛擬語氣和陳述語氣會出現(xiàn)在同一主從復(fù)合句里。所以，我們要注意混合語氣、混合時態(tài)的使用。比如：If I had known her earlier, I might have fallen in love with her. But what a pity, now she has been others bride.我如果早一些時候認(rèn)識她，我也許會愛上她的。可是，可惜啊，她現(xiàn)在成了別人的新娘。If I had been informed yesterday, I should know what to do now.昨天要是有人告訴我，我現(xiàn)在就知道做什么了。真題：I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (xx浙江)A. should B. might C. would D. could 解析：根據(jù)but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折分句看，visit如果要發(fā)生，也應(yīng)該是周末的事。故選A。2. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的使用在英語里，wish/advise/suggest(建議)/demand/insist(堅決主張)/ask(要求)/order/require/desire/propose/urge/prefer等動詞后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，除wish以外，其結(jié)構(gòu)都是“should+原形動詞”，should可以被省略。在與這些動詞對應(yīng)的名詞后的同謂語從句、表語從句里也要用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語氣。I wish I would be manager of this pany after I graduate from the college.我希望大學(xué)畢業(yè)后能做這個公司的經(jīng)理。I wish I had enough money on me now.我希望現(xiàn)在手頭有足夠的錢。I wish I had met the beautiful young lady yesterday.我希望昨天見過那位年輕漂亮的女士了。The head-teacher asked that the classroom (should) be cleaned right away.班主任要求學(xué)生們立即打掃教室。真題：1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02上海)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 解析：就本句看，是描述一般情況，表達與現(xiàn)在的愿望之間的距離或者叫與現(xiàn)在事實不符的虛擬語氣。故選B。2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (xx上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 解析：該賓語從句描述“想象”與“現(xiàn)實”之間的差距，也是與現(xiàn)在事實不符的虛擬語氣。故選C。3. 虛擬語氣在as if(though) /even if(though)等句子中的使用We should act as if she were watching us.我們要表現(xiàn)出好像她在看著我們。I couldnt help even though I had been there at the moment.即使我當(dāng)時在場，我也沒有辦法。4. 虛擬語氣在It is important/ necessary/ desirable/ possible/ natural/ essential that-clause以及would rather/sooner后的從句中和其他的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。比如：Its necessary that you (should) keep your safety belt on at all times 你有必要始終系好安全帶。Its strange that they (should) feel so angry.真奇怪，他們感到那么生氣。Its a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it.真遺憾，他們竟然忘記了通知你這件事。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒希望你明天來。If only he were alive.他活著就好了。Its (high) time that we went home.我們應(yīng)該回家。真題：If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (00上海)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 解析：在他“現(xiàn)在”遭罪之前應(yīng)遵醫(yī)囑“靜臥”，但他過去沒有。與過去事實不符，故選C。