短文改錯(cuò) Teaching objectives使學(xué)生了解短文改錯(cuò)的命題特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及做題技巧，掌握分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。通過對(duì)考點(diǎn)的分析總結(jié)讓學(xué)生熟練掌握?？嫉恼Z法點(diǎn)，正確運(yùn)用解題思路以及備考策略。通過對(duì)短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧的分析，提高學(xué)生做題的自信心。 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之問交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)( )，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線( )劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 短文改錯(cuò)題的3大癥結(jié)1找不出句子的錯(cuò)誤。2能找出句子的錯(cuò)誤，卻無法修改正確。3不能從篇章的角度考慮問題。 考點(diǎn)設(shè)置特點(diǎn) (1)從詞法角度考查，主要涉及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法等；名詞、代詞的數(shù)、格；形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)；主謂一致和其他的一致關(guān)系；連詞、關(guān)系詞的使用等。 (2)從句法角度考查，主要涉及簡單句、否定句、疑問句、倒裝句、省略句等變化。(3)從行文邏輯角度考查，主要涉及人物的性別及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞、句意的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折、時(shí)間的順序、數(shù)量的增減以及因果的倒置等。 三、短文改錯(cuò)題的10大考點(diǎn) With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green. When a child is five in England, his parents must send him to the school.After about a hour we began to feel very frightened. the an 1冠詞的多用、漏用和誤用策略(1)牢固掌握定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的使用規(guī)律。(2)平時(shí)注意留意冠詞的使用，努力培養(yǎng)語感。(3)熟記固定結(jié)構(gòu)中冠詞的使用情況。 典題示例He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class.Their word were a great encouragement to me. ideaknowledgewords 2名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的誤用策略(1)理清可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。(2)記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法。 典題示例I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do？”Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as the best car in the world. myself theirIt 典題示例I read your email to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.If they had said was true，I would have a chance of winning the prize. what 3代詞指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤或代詞使用不當(dāng)指示代詞(1)順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下文。(2)系統(tǒng)掌握it的各種用法（形式主語和形式賓語及固定用法）。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 which，that 之間的誤用；連接代詞 that 與 what 之間的誤用等。 典題示例Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to the man who were helping him to repair it.Being a qualified teacher need a lot of practice and training. are was needs 4主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤策略(1)做題時(shí)要有全局觀念，前后聯(lián)系。(2)搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析句子成分（在含有定語從句或強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂不一致）。(3)全面掌握有關(guān)主謂一致方面的規(guī)則（非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作主語或主語從句作主語時(shí)主謂不一致）。 典題示例With the coming of spring, grass and trees turn green, and flowers grew in many colours.Growing up is not easy. Sometimes all that is need is a hug. needed grow 5動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的誤用策略(1)通讀全文，搞清文中動(dòng)詞的主體時(shí)態(tài)。(2)結(jié)合語境，靈活掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法。(3)認(rèn)真推敲，準(zhǔn)確把握主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)。 典題示例After finish his homework, he went out to play.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.We may have trouble find suitable words to express our thoughts. becomefinding 6非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用策略(1)縱觀全文或全句，明確句中動(dòng)詞所作的句子成分。(2)系統(tǒng)掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能。 典題示例They came back lately and had some tea.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.Nowadays, life is more better than it was in the past. lateUnfortunately much 7形容詞和副詞的混用及其比較等級(jí)的誤用策略(1)熟知形容詞和副詞的句法功能。(2)理清短文中形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的關(guān)系。(3)結(jié)合短文內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確使用形容詞和副詞。 典題示例I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job. while and 8關(guān)聯(lián)詞和平行結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用策略連詞分從屬連詞和并列連詞，答題時(shí)需注意：(1)依據(jù)短文中的邏輯關(guān)系，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定句子的類型(簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句), 根據(jù)全文邏輯發(fā)展順序正確選擇并列連詞或從屬連詞。 (2)從屬連詞如because與so，though although與but等不能同時(shí)使用。 典題示例Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.In short, I believe that it is great use to keep a diary in English.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. ofof 9固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法與介詞的誤用策略(1)在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累語言知識(shí)，特別是一些固定搭配的記憶。(2)及物動(dòng)詞之后介詞的多用或不及物動(dòng)詞之后介詞的漏用。(3)把語法知識(shí)的記憶和語感的培養(yǎng)結(jié)合起來。 10. 行文邏輯典題示例It seems to my mother that once I am allowed to watch TV, Ill be able to control myself and forget all about my study. unable 短文改錯(cuò)題設(shè)題目的在于測試考生判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語篇中語言錯(cuò)誤的能力，綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性能力。因此，考生在解題時(shí)必須立足于篇章，先從宏觀把握，再從微觀入手，方能正確解題。1. 通讀全文，把握大意2. 立足文意，主句判斷3. 再次通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證 【2015新課標(biāo)全國I】 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out . We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so ,well live to regret it . 76. think thought句意：我認(rèn)為生活在那兒很快樂。時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。這里用一般過去時(shí)，表示“過去認(rèn)為”77. countryside前加the 句意：但是我想念農(nóng)村的家鄉(xiāng)。這里countryside是特指，故用定冠詞the。78. orand句意：那里山綠并且空氣新鮮。連詞用法錯(cuò)誤。前后句為并列關(guān)系，故用連詞and。79. onwith句意：隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展。短語搭配錯(cuò)誤。短語with the development of隨著的發(fā)展。80. been去掉句意：許多研究表明。語態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。主語與動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這里不需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 81. seriouslyserious句意：全球變暖已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的問題。詞性用法錯(cuò)誤。修飾名詞，前面用形容詞修飾。82. airsair 句意：我們呼吸的空氣變得越來越臟。名詞用法錯(cuò)誤。名詞air為不可數(shù)名詞。83. muchmany句意：許多罕見的動(dòng)物已經(jīng)消失。名詞animal為可數(shù)名詞，故用many修飾。84. foundfind句意：我們必須找到方法來保護(hù)我們的地球。動(dòng)詞用法錯(cuò)誤。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后接動(dòng)詞原形。85. yourour句意：我們必須找到方法來保護(hù)我們的地球。代詞用法錯(cuò)誤。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。