2019-2020年高中英語專項突破 完形填空 背景文化知識掌握能力技能考查簡介普通高中課程改革英語學科教學指導意見指出：高中英課程的總目標之一是培養(yǎng)學生的綜合語言運用能力；語言技能和語言知識是綜合語言運用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學生用英語進行思維和表達的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識和基本的跨文化交際能力。高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度?！币虼?，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗課程實施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運用所學語法知識、詞匯辨析能力，常識和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識和能力。具體考查技能如下：背景文化知識掌握能力：在完形填空中有時滲著相關(guān)的文化背景和生活常識等方面的知識，高中生已經(jīng)掌握了豐富的跨文化背景知識和生活常識，具備了一定的判斷能力。在做題時，要積極調(diào)動自己的跨文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異（九）背景文化知識及常識掌握能力背景文化知識及常識掌握能力：在完形填空中有時滲著相關(guān)的文化背景和生活常識等方面的知識，高中生已經(jīng)掌握了豐富的跨文化背景知識和生活常識，具備了一定的判斷能力。在做題時，要積極調(diào)動自己的跨文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異。e.g. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll.41. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight【解析】考查背景文化知識。sat（坐），和 roll （滾動）這兩個動作，結(jié)合常識, 能推斷出，應(yīng)該是由于體重的關(guān)系，才能導致坐下來的時候，輪椅會滾動，因此D為正常選項。一、小試牛刀： 1、For those people, he is "Gloves" Greenberg. How did he get that 18 ?18. A. jobB. nameC. chanceD. message2、.I thought he was going to ask for my fathers_ 40 _and call him. 40. A. help B. position C. number D. job 3、Panicking, she began to 51 .51.A. speakB. singC. sniffD. scream4、I was so _41_ that I slammed(砰的關(guān)上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.41.A .angryB. sorryC. frightenedD. ashamed5、We all lead _43_ lives and learning a language takes _44_. 43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place【答案解析】1、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。句意是：對于那些人來說，他是“"Gloves" Greenberg”，根據(jù)常識得知：這當然是一個名字。2、【解析】C。考查文化生活常識及語境。本句中后半句是and call him（給他/我父親打電話），依照常識，打電話需要電話號碼，故選C.number號碼。3、【解析】D。考查文化生活常識及語境。此時她處于恐慌（panicking）狀態(tài)，按照常識，會尖叫（scream），而不會是說話、唱歌或嗅味道。4、【解析】A?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。由slammed(砰的關(guān)上) the door and stepped out on the front porch.，按照常識生氣才會砰的關(guān)上門，大不走到前門。而不會是難過，害怕和恥辱。5、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。學習一門語言當然需要花費時間（time）。其余三項和take搭配分別意為：鼓起勇氣；消耗能量；發(fā)生。二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、We 26 hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter.26. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded2、I _38_ my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again.38. A. pressedB. shookC. threwD. pulled3、To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said,“_41_yourself new hamburgers.41. A. Prepare B. Buy C. Find D. Cook 4、Yes, children do learn languages more _48_ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _49_.48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school5、What? A cat ? The_ 50 froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.50. A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat【答案解析】1、【解析】A?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境?！霸诠衽_旁 ”，根據(jù)常識不是訂快餐就是付款， 在選項中只有order有“點餐，訂餐”之意。故選A。2、【解析】C?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)本句后面的heavily一詞，由常識可以得知作者已經(jīng)生氣了，所以就把行李箱重重的扔到地上。3、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。前面提到handed us some cash（遞給我們一些現(xiàn)金），根據(jù)常識，給錢就是為了買東西，所以是“告訴我們給自己買些新的面包吧”。故選B。4、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)生活常識解題，一般來說，小孩學習語言的確比成年人要快（quickly）。5、【解析】B。考查文化生活常識及語境。根據(jù)常識，能在臉上凍結(jié)的，只能是 smile。故正確選項為B 。三、能力提高：1、The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 26 by a nice frence couple who would bee my host parents.26. A. sponsoredB. witnessedC. greetedD. supported2、I think my 38 started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my 39 and be left alone.38. A. education B. careerC. tourD. change39. A. balance B. homeworkC. degreeD. interest 3、Looking at her little home, she 55 that she had been living in her golden house filled with love and care. Everything she dreamed was right there in front of her nose!55. A. imaginedB. decidedC. realizedD. guessed4、As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (認領(lǐng)) it.28. A. wave atB. drop offC. call onD. look for29. A. orderingB. promisingC. sayingD. showing30. A. in caseB. or elseC. as ifD. now that5、Hearing a horn （喇叭）nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend _ 52_ at me to get in. 52. A. staring B. laughing C. waving D. shouting【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，到達某個地方后，應(yīng)該是受到其他人的歡迎，A. sponsored 贊助；B. witnessed目睹；C.greeted迎接；D. 支持，故選項C才符合這個語境：他到達法國后，將成為他寄宿家庭的父母自然應(yīng)該是去迎接他：。2、【解析】C。考查文化生活常識及語境。根據(jù)生活常識推理手段。上大學的目的，就是為了得學位，所以作者一開始，就只是為了拿學位，故選C。3、【解析】C?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)生活常識和上下文提示解題。這里指小女孩通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷明白了一個道理，原來自己一直住在一座充滿了關(guān)愛的金色的房子里。也就是她意識到了這一點，所以答案選擇C。4、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，靠邊停車，基本是為了讓某人下車。wave at向. . .揮手；drop off讓某人下車；call on號召； look for尋找。故選擇 B 項。5、【解析】C?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，see看到的應(yīng)該是動作，故只有C選項符合這個語境。四、終極挑戰(zhàn)：1、They _41_ an environment where you can practice under the _42_ of someone whos good at the language.41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide42. A. control B. mand C. guidance D. pressure2、Diane Ray was pletely self-centered and very spoilt. Her parents gave her 36 she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾氣)if they did not. She would scream and kick and 37 on the floor drumming her heels.36.A. eitherB. neitherC. nothingD. everything37.A. jumpB. lieC. spinD. sleep3、 47, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48 smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49 of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.47. A. HoweverB. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore48. A. bitterB. forcedC. politeD. satisfied49. A. introductionB. discussion C. mentD. debate4、As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I _40_ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its _41_ and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage.40Anoticed Brecognized Ccalled Dassisted41Aback Bhandle Cwheel Dseat5、Then I had a 36 problem and had to go to hospital for a 37 examination. After I explained my 48 to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street , where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49 .36. A. physical B. traveling C. social D. housing37. A. scientific B. final C. previous D. Thorough48. A. idea B. motivation C. excuse D. situation49. A. appointment B. apartment C. direction D. Station 【答案解析】1、【解析】C?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，擅長語言的人someone whos good at the language是可以給人以指導的，故句意應(yīng)為：傳統(tǒng)的課堂提供（provide）一個環(huán)境，在其中你可以在某個擅長于這種語言的人的指導（guidance）下練習。其余三個選項分別意為：控制；命令；壓力，均不符合語境。2、【解析】B。考查文化生活常識及語境。根據(jù)生活常識解題。小孩子耍脾氣的時候，通常是又尖叫又踢腳又躺（lie）在地上用腳后跟敲打地面。其余三選項分別意為：跳躍；旋轉(zhuǎn)；睡覺，均不符合題意。3、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，在圣誕節(jié)前，家里孩子最喜歡的就是討論圣誕禮物。所以可知他們在談?wù)撌フQ禮物?？赏浦究誃項discussion正確。4、【解析】B?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)常識，桶只能掛在自行車的把手上。故選擇B 項。5、【解析】A?？疾槲幕畛ＷR及語境。根據(jù)國外的文化背景，到醫(yī)院去一般都要提前預約的。36空提到了作者去醫(yī)院，故49空根據(jù)常識，可推出正確選項為A.