走向高考 英語,第一部分,微專題強(qiáng)化練,五 閱讀理解,第一部分,4 主旨大意題,考 向 分 析,考 題 引 路,強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練,2,3,1,Passage 1 (2015課標(biāo)全國B) Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(難為情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.,Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue. Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.,Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(攝入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass. 立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文向我們介紹了家居環(huán)境對我們飲食的影響，然后給出了如何通過改變房間光線、墻壁的顏色、餐具的大小等來控制飲食，從而保持體型的建議。,1The text is especially helpful for those who care about_. Atheir home comforts Btheir body shape Chouse buying Dhealthy diets 答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Your house may have an effect on your figure.(你的房子可能會(huì)對你的體型有影響。)和第二句the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(你設(shè)計(jì)房子的方式對你是增肥還是減肥會(huì)起作用。)可以推斷文章尤其對那些在乎體型的人有幫助，故選B項(xiàng)。,2A home environment in blue can help people_. Adigest food better Breduce food intake Cburn more calories Dregain their appetites 答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍(lán)色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃33%的食物，這和B項(xiàng)意思相符，故選B項(xiàng)。,3What are people advised to do at mealtimes? AEat quickly. BPlay fast music. CUse smaller spoons. DTurn down the lights. 答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(攝入) jumps by 14 percent.可知，當(dāng)我們用大湯匙的時(shí)候，攝入的總量要比使用小湯匙多14%，所以作者建議我們要想保持體型，就應(yīng)該用較小的湯匙，故選C項(xiàng)。,4What can be a suitable title for the text? AIs Your House Making You Fat? BWays of Serving Dinner CEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing? 答案：A 主旨大意題。文章開篇點(diǎn)題Your house may have an effect on your figure.然后從專家的角度進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的說明the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off，并給那些想減肥的人士提了一些房間布置的建議，故選A項(xiàng)。,Passage 2 (2014課標(biāo)全國A) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport(護(hù)照),He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.,My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件)Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.,立意與點(diǎn)撥：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了她的丈夫在一個(gè)陌生的城市丟失了重要的文件，正在絕望之時(shí)突然有人打來電話告知文件下落。一家善良的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他丟失的文件并歸還，這讓作者與丈夫重拾對他人的信任。 1What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? AGo shopping. BFind a house. CJoin his family. DTake a vacation. 答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，Rashid到達(dá)悉尼后，要為“我”和孩子找房子。故選B。,2The girls parents got Rashids phone number from_. Aa friend of his family Ba Sydney policeman Ca letter in his papers Da stranger in Sydney 答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.可知，他們是從文件中的一封信中發(fā)現(xiàn)了Rashid的電話號碼，然后給他打了電話。故選C。,3What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? AShowed. BGave back. CDelivered. DSent out. 答案：B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)restored所在的句子以及上文可知，作者的丈夫丟失了文件，撿到文件的那一家人把文件歸還給我們。restore表示“將(某失物等)歸還原主”，相當(dāng)于give back。故選B。,4Which of the following can be the best title for the text? AFrom India to Australia BLiving in a New Country CTurning Trash to Treasure DIn Search of New Friends 答案：C 主旨大意題?！拔摇闭煞騺G失的重要文件是被一家人在垃圾桶中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，然后歸還了我們。由此可知選C。失而復(fù)得，變廢為寶。,只見樹木不見森林，誤把細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主題 A simple piece of clothesline hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who see clothes dryers(干衣機(jī)) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. As a result, they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “whatIcan do environmentalism(環(huán)境保護(hù)主義)”,On the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside, arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at. They have persuaded Homeowners Associations (HOAs) access the US. to ban outdoor clotheslines, because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood. This had led to a RighttoDry Movement that is calling for laws to be passed to protect peoples right to use clotheslines. So far, only three states have laws to protect clothesline. RighttoDry supporters argue that there should be more.,Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of ecoconscious(有生態(tài)意識的) person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about him clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they dont take matters in their own hands，” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them.,QWhat is mainly discussed in the text? AClothesline drying: a way to save energy and money. BClothesline drying: a lost art rediscovered. COpposite opinions on clothesline drying. DDifferent varieties of clotheslines. 錯(cuò)誤分析：容易誤選A, 因?yàn)槲恼碌诙翁岬絆n one side stand those who see clothes dryers(干衣機(jī)) as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment. 第五段所列舉的Matt Reck的例子也說明了有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該使用晾衣繩。這種干擾選項(xiàng)干擾性很強(qiáng)，因?yàn)榇诵畔⒃谠闹谐霈F(xiàn)過。但是文章中同時(shí)穿插著兩種觀點(diǎn)支持和反對， 而A選項(xiàng)只說明了部分的細(xì)節(jié)，是以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全。,答案：C 此題是主旨大意題。這類問題屬于全局性問題。要做好這類問題必須找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在閱讀材料的開頭和結(jié)尾，放在觀點(diǎn)性、歸納性和概括性的句子上，放在被許多句子說明和證實(shí)的句子上。只提供了部分細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，即使從文章得到證實(shí)是正確的，也不能作為主旨大意題的答案。多數(shù)情況下，文章的中心思想句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭，這篇文章就是。文章第一句話告訴我們：一個(gè)小小的晾衣繩掛在愛護(hù)環(huán)境的美國人和他們的鄰居之間，然后二、三段分別講述繩子兩端人們的不同的觀點(diǎn)，由此可以得知，文章主要要告訴我們的是人們對戶外晾曬衣物的不同的觀點(diǎn)。所以答案應(yīng)該是C。,