六年級畢業(yè)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之二（句型、語法部分）第一部分：復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)：（一）了解這些語法知識嗎。盡可能能運(yùn)用在實(shí)際中運(yùn)用這些語法知識。(1) 句子的構(gòu)成可包括含to be, there be, to do的肯定式、否定式、一般疑問式。 觀察下面的句子，找出一些規(guī)律： I. That is an English story book. That isnt an English story book. Is that an English book? II. There are some teachers in the office. There arent any teachers in the office. Are there any teachers in the office. III. He lives near the school. He doesnt live near the school. Does he live near the school?(2) 在我們小學(xué)階段寫過不同時態(tài)的句子。觀察下面的句子，找出一些規(guī)律： I. He is a teacher. He will be/is going to be a teacher next term. He was a teacher ten years ago. II. There is a lamp on the table now. There will/is going to be a lamp on the table. There was a lamp on the table an hour ago. III. He often plays the piano in the evening. He is going to play the piano tomorrow. He is playing the piano.He played the piano yesterday, 表示不同的時態(tài)的句子常有一些表示時間的提示，看下表：一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般過去時always, usually,often, sometimes,every day/morning/afternoon/evening,on Sunday/Monday /nowLook!Listen!tomorrow,tomorrow morning/ afternoon/the day after tomorrownext Sunday/week/month/yesterday,yesterday morning/ afternoon/the day before yesterday,last nighttwo hours/a year/ ago(3) 不同時態(tài)的句子還有疑問句式和否定句式。觀察下面的特殊疑問式的句子，你能總結(jié)一些特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成的規(guī)律嗎？肯定式否定式一般疑問式She a student.She is not a student.Is she a student?They are working here.They arent working here.Are they working here?They will/are going to playFootball.They wont/arent going to play football.Will they/Are they going to play football?He often reads in theEvening.He doesnt read in theevening.Does he read in the evening?He was here yesterday.He wasnt here yesterday. Was he here yesterday?He helped us yesterday.He didnt help us yesterday. Did he help us yesterday?(4) 句子還有特殊疑問句的句的句型。觀察下面的特殊疑問式的句子，你能總結(jié)一些特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成的規(guī)律嗎？I.Who lives there.Who is singing in the room?Who was at home yesterday?Whose father is a teacher.II.What does he do?What is he doing?What did they do?When does he usually get up?When did she have dinner yesterday?Where is he now?Where are they planting trees?Where did they play football?How is your mother?How is he coming?How did they get there?Why does he go there?Why did she go there?III.Whose book is this?Whose parents are coming here?Which book is yours?Which presents did he give you?(5) 小學(xué)階段還接觸和學(xué)習(xí)過如下的句型, 要求能理解這些有關(guān)的句子。 I. 含情態(tài)動詞的句子： We can swim in the sea. I cant ride a bike. Can you see that man over there? I must find it before six. You mustnt lend this book to others. Must I come here before nine? You may sit here. May I come in? We should take exercise very often. We shouldnt eat too much chocolate. Should we help her? He will visit the USA. They wont go there tomorrow. Will he come to see us? We shall meet at the gate of the zoo. Shall we meet here? We would like to work with you. Would you play games with us?II. 選擇疑問句型： Is your mother a doctor or a nurse? Are they in the classroom or on the playground?Do you like the long jump or the high jump? III. 狀語從句：I want to be a teacher when I grow up.If you eat me, you will not be happy. IV. 賓語從句：I think he is good at playing football.I hope I can play football.I wish I could be a fairy. V. 復(fù)合句： I like hamburgers and my brother likes sandwiches, I cant swim and my sister cant swim either. He is tall but he is not strong. VI. 過去進(jìn)行時的句子：The farmer was working on the fields then.The children were reading at that time.(6) 在小學(xué)階段，同學(xué)們所學(xué)的名詞的知識可有： I. 可數(shù)名和不可數(shù)名詞： (A) 我們學(xué)過的多數(shù)名次是可數(shù)名詞有(countable noun)： bun, cabbage, tomato, potato, mushroom, vegetable, carrot, hamburger, sandwich, book, ruler, desk, bus, (B) 不可數(shù)名詞有 (uncountable nouns)：milk, water, juice, tea, bread, rice, soup, chicken (雞肉), fish (魚肉), beef, beefsteak, porridge, pasta, toast等 (C) 有些名詞可用作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，但意思不一樣，如 pepper 辣椒(c), 胡椒(n)；chicken 雞(c), 雞肉(u)；fish 魚(c), 魚肉(u) (D) 可數(shù)名次的但輸變復(fù)數(shù)有如下規(guī)律： a. 一般情況在原名詞后加-s，如： penpens, studentstudents, cardcardsb: 以s, x, she, ch結(jié)尾的名詞在原名詞后加-es, 如： busbuses, boxboxes, benchbenches, fish(魚類)fishesc. 部分o結(jié)尾的名詞，如： heroheroes, tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes (但radioradios, photophotos)d. 以輔音字母加-y的名詞，改y為i在加-es, 如： citycities, factoryfactories, babybabies, familyfamiliese. 部分名次的單復(fù)數(shù)變化是不規(guī)則的，如： sheepsheep, fishfish, childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, goosegeese, mousemice (E) 不可數(shù)名詞與動詞的搭配用法與名詞單數(shù)一樣：例如： There is some water in the bottle. Is there any coffee in the cup? There isnt any milk in the glass. (F) much, a lot of, plenty of 可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如： much rice, a lot of milk, plenty of water (G) many, a lot of, plenty of 可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，如： many hills, a lot of houses II. 注意專有名詞的寫法： (A) 人名：Mr Smith, Miss Webb, Tom White (B) 地名：Canada, China, Britain, London, New York, Beijing (C) 單位名：No. 1 Hospital, the International School of Guangzhou (D) 節(jié)日名：Spring Festival, Christmas, New Years Day (F) 月份名：January, February, March, April (G) 星期名：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday (H) 語言名稱：French, Chinese, English, Japanese III. 名詞所有格： (A) 一般情況在原名次后加-s，如： the boys name, the headmasters office, (7) 關(guān)于冠詞a, an, the的使用方法：I. 表示一個（支、條、只）或某一種類的名次前用a, 如： a dictionary, a uniform, a book 但在表示一個（支、條、只）或某一種類的原音發(fā)音名詞前用an, 如： an egg, an apple, an ice cream, an orange, an hour, an honest boyII. 表示特指的一個（支、條、只）或某一種類的名次前用the, 如： the forest near the hill, the teacher of our classIII. 在句子中再次提及該物品時，物品前加the, 如： I saw a book. The book was from the library.IV. 在最高級的形容詞前用the: the biggest room on this floor, the hottest day in this week(8) 你掌握some, any及some-, any-, no-, every-的用法了嗎？ (1) 多用在肯定句或表示請求的句子： We have some picture on the wall There is something on the plate. Someone will come and help us. Would you like something to drink? (2) any- 多用于疑問句或否定句： There isnt any water in the lake. Is there anything in the bottle? We dont want to see anyone of them? (3) no- 是事實(shí)的否定： There is no milk in the glass now. There is nothing in the room. Nobody can do that.(4) 代詞some-, any-, no-, every- 語法上看成是第三人稱單數(shù)： There is something in the bottle.Everyone likes it.(9) 關(guān)于形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級I. 形容詞一般放在被修飾的名次之前，如： a naughty boy, an honest girl, a beautiful lady, a big boxII. 副詞放在被修飾的動詞之后： He works hard. She studied well.III. 表示頻度的副詞放在be的后面和行為動詞的前面，如： He is always late for school. They often comes here after school. 有時放在句前或句后，如： Sometimes he works hard. He comes here very often.IV. 你知道形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成的一些規(guī)律嗎？ A. 一般情況下加-er, -est: long longer, longest; small smaller, smallest B. 重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫最后一個字母再加-er, -est: big bigger, biggest; hot hotter, hottestC. 輔音字母加y，改作后一個字母y為i再加-er, -est: funny funnier, funniest, lucky luckier, luckiestD. 部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞，加more, most: slowly more slowly, most slowly; more delicious, most deliciousE. 不規(guī)則變化: good better, best; bad worse, worst V. 你知道形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級句子的構(gòu)成嗎？ A. This book is newer than that one. The English book is the newest of the three. Mike runs faster than John. Mike runs fastest in his class. B. This flower is more beautiful than that one. This tree is the oldest in the park. The girl is swimming better than the girl. Jim swims best in his group. C. Snakes are more dangerous than frogs. The meeting is the most important. The old man walks more slowly the young man. Kate jumps highest in her class. D. Tim has more books than Jim. Tim has the most stamps in his class.(10) 你能正確識別下面的代詞？讀例句并總結(jié)他們的用法。IYouhesheitweyoutheyMeYouhimheritusyouthemMyyourhisheritsouryourtheir They often help me. (在動詞后作賓語) We often do our homework from eight to nine. （做主語） The doctor checked their teeth. （修飾名詞） This book isnt mine. Its hers. （索命前面的物品所屬）(11) 關(guān)于基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 I. 基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和號碼, 如： : The population of this city is one million and three hundred thousand. His phone number is 89276310. The live at 12, Bill Street. II. 序數(shù)詞表示順序，如： Take the second right. They live on the third floor. III. 注意下面基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞的不規(guī)則變化： onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth IV. 注意下面十位數(shù)基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞的不規(guī)則變化： Twentytwentieth, thirtythirtieth, fiftyfiftieth（二）學(xué)習(xí)語法和句型要注意的問題：(1) 應(yīng)學(xué)會在大量已學(xué)的句子中學(xué)會觀察、歸納和分析，找出語言的規(guī)律；(2) 學(xué)習(xí)語法和句型不是目的，而學(xué)習(xí)句型和語法目的是更好運(yùn)用語言，但學(xué)習(xí)句型和語法可以準(zhǔn)確地更好地理解和表達(dá)。(3) 要鞏固句型與語法的知識，必須更多地運(yùn)用，在語言的實(shí)踐中加深對語法知識的理解。(4) 不需要背誦語法條條，更重要的是理解。第二部分：練習(xí)1. Rewrite the following sentences after the model. 按要求改寫下面的句子。 Model: The young men are playing football. (basketball) Do the young men playing basketball? No, they arent. They are playing football. (1) There is a big garden behind the house. (in front of) _ _ (2) The teachers are in the classrooms. (teachers room) _ _ (3) Mike lives on the first floor of that building. (second floor) _ _ (4) All the students look happy. (worried) _ _ (5) The children are planting kapok trees on the hill. (pine trees) _ _ (6) The pupils can swim in the swimming pool. (lake) _ _ (7) Jim was born in New York. (Washington DC) _ _ (8) Ben saw a film last night. (listened to a concert) _ _2. Make up sentences with the given words. 連詞成句。 (1) plays, often, who, tennis, you, with ? _(2) born, you, were, where ? _(3) when, play, piano, she, does, the ? _(4) clean, kitchen, who, will ? _(5) people, many, there, how, are, family, in, your ? _(6) job, your, what, is, fathers ? _(7) do, what, going, are, to, you, Saturday, this ? _(8) which, pets, rabbits, cats, like, better, you, or, do ? _(9) stamps, whose, these, are ? _(10) what, like, weather, yesterday, was, the, here ? _(11) you, which, do, prefer, the, the, toy, toy, toy, car, train ? _(12) the, much, jeans, are, how ? _3. Fill in the blanks with a, an or the where necessary. 在必要的地方選擇a, an 或 the 填空。(1) There is _ apple and _ pear on the table.(2) My grandfather watch _ TV _ every evening.(3) My uncle lives on _ second floor of that tall building.(4) John goes to _ at about ten at _ night.(5) _ first girl from the right is my best friend Judy.(6) My father gets home at about five thirty _ every afternoon.(7) We can see _ office next to the canteen.(8) Whats _ weather like there today?(9) I saw _ animal in _ oak tree in _ garden.(10) _ sun is red, _ sky is blue. It will be _ sunny day.(11) I think my cousin is _ honest boy.(12) He stayed there for _ hour _ this morning.(13) Chongqin is _ biggest city in China.(14) Billy played chess with me _ yesterday afternoon. (15) Go ahead and take _ first right.4. Look at the picture. Fill in the blanks with in, on, beside, behind, in front of, under, from or of. 看圖用 in, on, beside, behind, in front of, under, from, of填空。圖:一幅客廳上，墻壁掛著一張家庭照片，沙發(fā)邊有一張小桌子，桌前有一張小凳子，桌子下有一只小貓，桌子旁有一個冰箱，冰箱上有一些花。在窗的旁邊有一個鐘。This is a picture _ my friend Mr Webbs living-room. Mr Webb is _ the UK. _ the wall _ the living-room there is a picture _ his family. There is a sofa _ the living-room. _ the sofa there is a small table. There is a small stool _ the table. _ the table there is a fridge, _ the fridge there are some flowers. _ the window there is a clock. Look, whats _ the table? Oh, there is a cat.5. Fill in the blanks with the right words. 用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。 (1) Yao Ming is good _ playing basketball. (2) The girl _ a red coat is my friend. (3) My sister often goes shopping _ my parents. (4) We live far away _ the supermarket. (5) We are going to visit the museum _ half past eight _ the evening. (6) Winter lasts _ December _ February there. (7) We are going to live there _ three months. (8) The Asian Game will be held in Guangzhou _ 2010. (9) His mother is worried _ him.(10) She usually gets to school _ a quarter to eight. (11) Does she often play badminton _ Saturday? (12) Sometimes we go skating _ Sunday afternoon. (13) _ the way, do you go to school _ foot or _ bus? (14) Help yourself _ some steakbeef. (15) He does well _ maths.6. Fill in the blanks with the right words. 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空。 (1) The children have _(some, any) new computers in the classroom. (2) Does your father have _(some, any) Indian stamps? (3) Would you like _(some, no) coffee? (4) Are there _(some, any) red roses on the tree? (5) That boy doesnt have _(anything, something) in his hand. (6) Is there _(anything, nothing) in the bottle? (7) Can I have _(something, anything) to drink? (8) There was _(anybody, nobody) in the house. (9) I saw _(anyone, nobody) on the playground. (10) _(No one, Anything) can do it. 7. Fill in the blanks with the right nouns in the blanks. 用適當(dāng)?shù)男问綄懗鱿旅婢渥又欣ㄌ柕拿~。 (1) Yao Ming and Liu Xiang are my _(hero). (2) We like eating _(pork). (3) Those _(sheep) are from Australia. (4) The baby has some _(tooth) in the garden. (5) The two _(family) are close friends. (6) There are many small _(ball) in those _(box). (7) There are three _(factory) in the city. (8) You must drink plenty of _(water). (9) Those _(snowman) are very cute. (10) I like eating _(fish) for dinner.8. Fill in the blanks with the right pronounces. 根據(jù)句子括號內(nèi)的中文意思，選擇這些代詞填入空格內(nèi)。(1) _(你的) mother is going to give _(他) a dictionary.(2) _(我們) live with _(我們的) grandparents now.(3) _(他的) room is beautiful, but _(你的) is too small. (4) _(誰的) pictures are these? Are _(他們的) or _(你們的)? (5) Are the notebooks for _(我們) or _(他們)? (6) Let _(我們) go and see _(他). (7) Could you show _(我) _(你的) new story-book? (8) This ruler isnt _(我的). Its _(你的).(9) _(她) does _(她的) housework from nine to twelve.(10) Does _(他) often help _(你們)? Yes, _(他) often comes here and helps _(我們).9. Fill in the blanks with the right verbs. 用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式填空。 (1) A: Look !. The children _(run) over there. B: _ they often _(run) in the morning. A: Yes, they _.(2) A: _ your mother _(work) at a toy factory? B: No, she _(work) at a small hotel. She _(be) a manager there. (3) A: _ the students _(visit) the museum yesterday? B: Yes, they _. They often _(visit) the farms, factories or museums at this time of the year.(4) A: _ you _(want) to buy new clothes? B: Yes, I _. My sister _(want) to buy some too. A: Tomorrow _(be) holiday. Lets _(go) shopping. B: All right. (5) A: What time _ Lucy usually _(get) up? B: She usually _(get) up at half past six. A: Its six thirty now. B: Yes, she _(put) on her clothes now. (6) A: Where _(be) you English teacher now? B: She _ (be) here an hour ago. I think she _(work) at the teachers office now. (7) A: _ you _(live) with your parents before you came tothis city? B: Yes, I _. A: What about your brother? B: He _(live) with my grandparents before we came here too. (8) A: _ you _(clean) your bedroom the day after tomorrow? B: No, I _(clean) it yesterday evening. (9) A: _ you _(invite) Janet and Ben to the birthday party tomorrow evening? B: Yes, of course. (10) A: What _ the word near _(mean)? B: It _(mean) close to. (11) A: What date _(be) it the day before yesterday? B: Well, today _(be) July 21st. The day before yesterday _ (be) July 19th. (12) A: Premier Zhou Enlai _(study) in France when he _ (be) young. B: Yes. Deng Xiaoping also _(study) in France too. (13) A: When _ Kates grandfather _(die)? B: He _ three years ago. (14) A：Listen! Your mother _(sing) an English song. B: Yes, she _(can sing) many English songs. (15) A: Look at the dog. She _(open) the door. B: Yes, she _(want) to go out.9. (1) are running, Do, run, do (2) Does, work, works, is (3) Did, visit, did, visit(4) Do, want, do, wants, will be, go (5) does, get, gets, putting (6) is, was, is working (7) Did, live, did, lived (8) Will, clean/ Are, going to clean, cleaned(9) Are, going to invite / Will, invite (10) does, mean, means (11) was, was(12) studied, studied (13) did, die, died (14) is singing, can sing (15) is openi