1998年6月英語四級真題及答案 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 oclock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose D on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer A B C D1.A) They are twins.B) They are classmates.C) They are friends.D) They are colleagues.（A）2.A) The man is planning a trip to Austin.B) The man has not been to Austin before.C) The man doesnt like Austin.D) The man has been to Austin before.（B）3.A) The size of the room.B) Long working hours.C) The hot weather.D) The fan in the room.（C）4.A) The man has changed his destination.B) The man is returning his ticket.C) The man is flying to New York tomorrow morning.D) The man cant manage to go to New York as planned.（D）5.A) It is difficult to identify.B) It has been misplaced.C) It is missing.D) It has been borrowed by someone.（B）6.A) Looking for a timetable.B) Buying some furniture.C) Reserving a table.D) Window shopping.（C）7.A) Cold and windy.B) Snow will be replaced by strong winds.C) It will get better.D) Rainy and cold.（A）8.A) It is no longer available.B) It has been reprinted four times.C) The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D) The information in the book is out of date.（B）9.A) Henry doesnt like the color.B) Someone else painted the house.C) There was no ladder in the house.D) Henry painted the house himself.（B）10.A) In a cotton field.B) At a railway station.C) On a farm.D) On a train.（D）Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) They invited him to a party.B) They asked him to make a speech.C) They gave a special dinner for him.D) They invited his wife to attend the dinner.（C）12.A) He was embarrassed.B) He felt greatly encouraged.C) He felt sad.D) He was deeply touched.（D）13.A) Sams wife did not think that the company was fair to Sam.B) Sams wife was satisfied with the gold watch.C) Sam did not like the gold watch.D) The company had some financial problems.（A）Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) The number of students they take in is limited.B) They receive little or no support from public taxes.C) They are only open to children from rich families.D) They have to pay more taxes.（B）15.A) Private schools admit more students.B) Private schools charge less than religious schools.C) Private schools run a variety of programs.D) Private schools allow students to enjoy more freedom.（C）16.A) The churches.B) The program designers.C) The local authorities.D) The state government.（A）Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A) She was found stealing in a bookstore.B) She caught someone in the act of stealing.C) She admitted having stolen something.D) She said she was wrongly accused of stealing.（D）18.A) A book.B) $3,000.C) A handbag.D) A Christmas card.（D）19.A) She was questioned by the police.B) She was shut in a small room for 20 minutes.C) She was insulted by the shopper around her.D) She was body-searched by the store manager.（B）20.A) They refused to apologize for having followed her through the town.B) They regretted having wrongly accused her of stealing.C) They still suspected that she was a thief.D) The agreed to pay her $3,000 damages.（C）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject (試驗對象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.“As our tests became more complex,” sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”21.The purpose of George Spilichs experiments is _.A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacityC) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performanceD) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory（A）22.George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _.A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB) put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD) register the prompt responses of the subjects（B）23.The word “bested” (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _.A) beatB) enviedC) caught up withD) made the best of（A）24.Which of the following statements is true?A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.（C）25.We can infer from the last paragraph that _.A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC) no airline pilots smoke during flightsD) smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases（D）Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (內(nèi)燃機) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (讀寫能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repaid and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “l(fā)earning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “l(fā)earning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “l(fā)earning to use a computer” is much more like “l(fā)earning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.26.To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car（C）27.In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that _.A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer programming（D）28.Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _.A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users（B）29.According to the author, the phrase “l(fā)earning to use a computer” (Lines 3-4, Para. 3) means learning _.A) a set of rulesB) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programsD) general principles of programming（C）30.The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of the computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job（D）Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness, if fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承擔的義務), self-improvement.Ask a bachelor (單身漢) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.31.According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _.A) he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB) he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains singleC) he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD) he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement（A）32.Raising children, in the authors opinion, is _.A) a moral dutyB) a thankless jobC) a rewarding taskD) a source of inevitable pain（C）33.From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _.A) hatredB) misunderstandingC) prejudiceD) ignorance（B）34.To understand what true happiness is one must _.A) have as much run as possible during ones lifetimeB) make every effort to liberate oneself from painC) put up with pain under all circumstancesD) be able to distinguish happiness from fun（D）35.What is the author trying to tell us?A) Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.B) One must know how to attain happiness.C) It is important to make commitments.D) It is pain that leads to happiness.（A）Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Its very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多樣化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientist, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying. “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格選人才) “ (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although weve come close to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus had doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.36.The word “imperative” (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something _.A) superficialB) remarkableC) debatableD) essential（D）37.Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?A) Minorities.B) Politicians.C) Professors.D) Managers.（B）38.High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to _.A) lower the rate of unemploymentB) win equal political rights for minoritiesC) be competitive in the world marketD) satisfy the demands of a growing population（C）39.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A) meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB) American political circles will not accept diversityC) it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S. mediaD) minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity（A）40.According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by _.A) expanding the pool of potential employeesB) promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC) training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managersD) providing education for all regardless of race or sex（D）Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41.The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A) has witnessedB) was witnessedC) witnessedD) is witnessed（C）42.The shy girl felt _ and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teachers questions.A) amazedB) awkwardC) curiousD) amused（B）43.Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A) there being a chanceB) there to be a chanceC) there be a chanceD) being a chance（A）44.It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _ it.A) mustnt have doneB) wouldnt have doneC) mightnt have doneD) didnt have to do（D）45.Frequently single-parent children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.A) take offB) take afterC) take inD) take on（D）46.He gives people the impression _ all his life broad.A) of having spentB) to have spentC) of being spentD) to spend（A）47.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial _.A) markB) featureC) traceD) appearance（B）48.Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A) dontB) wouldntC) didntD) shouldnt（C）49.All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A) consideredB) be consideredC) consideringD) having considered（A）50.John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must _ the curiosity and creativity of children.A) seekB) stimulateC) shapeD) secure（B）51.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A) by thatB) at thatC) on thatD) in that（D）52.However, at times this balance in nature is _, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.A) troubledB) disturbedC) confusedD) puzzled（B）53.If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _.A) doesB) has doneC) will doD) would do（A）54.The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into _ care.A) tenseB) rigidC) intensiveD) tight（C）55.Does everyone on earth have an equal right _ an equa