【知識清單】 特殊句式-感嘆句 知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！ 感嘆句是表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚奇、驚訝等強烈感情的句子。感嘆句通常由 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)。what和how與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。 一、 由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：what意為多么用作定語，修飾名詞（被強調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名 詞前要加不定冠詞 a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ = What a clever girl! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ = What an interesting story! What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ = What good children! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ = What beautiful flowers ! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ 五種特殊句型 祈使句 感嘆句 陳述句 倒裝句 疑問句 = What delicious food! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ = What heavy snow! 二、由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：how意為多么 ，用作狀語，修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞（被強調(diào)部分） 。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果 how 修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動 詞， 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的圖畫呀！ How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他們干得多么起勁呀！ 三、在表示同一意義時，英語感嘆既可用what引導(dǎo)，也可用how引導(dǎo)。 如： What a hot day it is! = What a hot day！ = How hot the day is ! What tall buildings they are! = What tall buildings！ =How tall the buildings are! What bad weather it is! =What bad weather！ = How bad the weather is! What bright sunshine it is! =What bright sunshine！ = How bright the sunshine is! 【知 識 清 單】 特殊句式-特殊疑問句 一、特殊疑問句和選擇疑問句 1.特殊疑問句 用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫特殊疑問句?；卮饡r不能使用 yes 或 no。特殊疑問詞包括 疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組。 what 疑問詞小結(jié)： what class 哪個班 what grade 哪個年級 what day 星期幾 what time 幾點 what color 什么顏色 what what language 什么語言 how 疑問詞小結(jié)： how long 多長時間（提問時間段） how often 多久一次（對頻率提問） how soon 多久以后（對 in 短語提問） how many 多少（提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量） how much 多少（提問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量，也可提問價格） how far 多遠(yuǎn)（提問距離） how heavy 多重 how wide 多寬 how tall/high 多高 how 怎樣 how old 多大（提問年齡） (3) 其他以“w”開頭的疑問詞小結(jié)： when 什么時候； where 哪里； which 哪一個； who 誰 whose 誰的； why 為什么 選擇疑問句 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種情況回答的問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑 問句中的兩種或種以上的情況用 or 連接，回答時不能使用 yes 或 no,而要用一個完整的 句子或其省略形式。選擇疑問句可以分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句兩種。 (1)一般選擇疑問句：一般疑問句+or+被選擇音分？如： -Do you like apples or pears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨？ -I like pears.我喜歡梨。 (2)特殊選擇疑問句：特殊疑問句，A or B?如： -Which would you like better,tea or coffee? -I like coffee better. 你比較喜歡哪種，茶還是咖啡？ 我更喜歡咖啡。 特殊句式-反意疑問句 反意疑問句是附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說的事實或觀點提出疑問的句子。反意 疑問部分要與前面的陳述部分用逗號隔開，句末用問號。如果陳述部分是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，反 意疑問部分就用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反之亦然。此問句可用 yes 或 no 來回答。反意疑問部分的主 語要用代詞，并與陳述部分主語一致，謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)上也要與陳述部分一 致。 注意一、反義疑問句是疑問句的一種，它對陳述部分的事實提出相反的疑問，形式上是一個省略問 句，附加在陳述句后，即： 陳述句 + 逗號 + 省略問句 + 問號 You are from America, arent you? 注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原則 Jim isnt in Class Four, is he? 注意三、附加疑問句必須前后兩句主語相同 Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasnt he? 注意四、附加疑問句部分與主語不一致的若干情況如下（需牢記） 1 this 或 that 改 it，無論是否指人 This is your brother, isnt it? 2. these 或 those 改 they Those are books ,arent they? 3. 不定代詞 one 改 one 或 he One cant be always young, can / he? 4. something、anything、everything 和 nothing 改 it Nothing is serious, is it? (注意為什么后面用 is it 而不是 isnt it?) Everything seems all right, doesnt it? 5. everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody 、anyone 、nobody 改 they 或 he（任選，但選 定后注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式） Everyone knows this, dont they / doesnt he? Nobody likes to lose money, does he? 6.each of 改 he 或 they Each of the boys had an apple, didnt he / they? 7. no one, none, neither, either 改 they 或 he No one came, did they? 8. some of、 none of 改 it、they 或 you（聯(lián)系上下文或句子） None of the food was delicious, was it? Some of the dustmen have come back, havent they? 9. 由 neithernor、not onlybut also、bothand、eitheror、notbut、or、and等 連接的并列主語，改復(fù)數(shù)代詞 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they? 10. 由動詞不定式、動名詞、從句或詞組構(gòu)成的主語，改 it To learn English well isnt easy, is it? Swimming is great fun, isnt it? 11. the + 形容詞表示一類人，改復(fù)數(shù)代詞 The poor had no right (權(quán)力) to speak at the time, did they? 12. there 引起的句子（There be 句型等） ，仍用 there There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesnt there? There are many children in the park, arent there? 注意五、附加疑問句部分與謂語不一致的若干情況如下（需牢記）(初中階段 14 點 18 點和 19 點可以 常識性了解) 1. have (有) 改 have 或 do Mary has two brothers, doesnt she / hasnt she? 2. have (有) 必須與陳述部分一致 He hasnt a lot of time, has he? Miss Green doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? 3. have 不做“有” 解釋，必須用 do They all have a good time, dont they? 4. have to 用 do 或 have We have to get up early, dont we / havent we? 5. have got to 用 have We have got to answer all the questions, havent we? 6. had better 用 should 或 had We had better go right now, shouldnt we / hadnt we? 7. cant（不可能，表示推測）根據(jù) cant 或的動詞選擇相應(yīng)的形式 He cant be a doctor, is he? The workers cant have finished their work, have they? 8. may 用 may + 主語 + not （英語中不用 maynt） They may be here next week, may they not? 9. must(必須)用 neednt You must do it today, neednt you? 10. must(應(yīng)該)用 mustnt I must study hard, mustnt I? 11. mustnt 用 must 或 may You mustnt talk like that, must you? We mustnt stay here any longer, must we? 12. “must be”對現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測作一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的附加疑問句進(jìn)行處理 2 反義疑問句 He must be happy, isnt he? He must be working hard at the office, isnt he? must 表示推測時，也有用 mustnt 的 He must have been working very hard, mustnt he? You must have told Mr Wang the secret, mustnt you? 13. “must + 完成時” 表示對過去情況的推測，作一般過去時附加疑問句處理 He must have come yesterday, didnt he? You must have seen the play last week, didnt you? 14. “must + 完成時” 用來推測過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在按現(xiàn)在完成時的附加疑問句來處理 You must have studied English for years, havent you? He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasnt he? 14. 實義動詞 need 和 dear 用 do He needs help, doesnt he? I have never dared to ask him, have I? 15. 情態(tài)動詞 need 和 dear 用 need 和 dear He dare not say so, dare he? We need not do it again, need we? 16. neednt 用 need 或 must You neednt go yet, need you? He neednt do that, must he? 17. “ would rather + 動詞原形”和“would like to + 動詞原形 ”用 wouldnt He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you? 18. “ought to + 動詞原形” 用 oughtnt 或 shouldnt The child ought to be punished, oughtnt he? We ought to go there, shouldnt we? 19. “used to + 動詞原形” 用“didnt + 主語”或“usednt + 主語”或“used + 主語 + not” He used to live in London, usednt he / didnt he? He used to play football when he was a child , used he not? 注意六、句子中有 seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等是否定句,附加疑 問部分必須采用肯定形式 Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? He is hardly able to swim, is he? There is little ink in your pen, is there? no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither 等作動詞的賓語時,附加疑問部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶爾用否 定形式) He has nothing to say, does(nt) he? You got nothing from him, did(nt) you? 注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑問句 1. I am改 arent I I am your friend, arent I? 2. I wish to do sth 或 I wish I 改 may I I wish to go home, may I? I wish I were you, may I? 3. 主從復(fù)合句,與主句的主謂語保持一致 He says that I did it, doesnt he? David wouldnt go there if it rained, would he? 4. 并列句,與鄰近的分句保持一致 Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadnt she? 5. 表示邀請,請求的祈使句,附加疑問部分用 will you 或 wont you 或 would you 等,一般只要記住 will you 就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原則 Come here, will you? Turn off the light, will you? Do sit down, will you? 6. 表示告訴別人做某事的祈使句，用 will you、can you、would you 或 cant you、wont you Stop talking, can you? Write down the new words, will you / wont you? 7. 否定的祈使句用 will you 或 can you Dont make a noise, will / can you? 8. Let me 用 will you 或 may I Let me help you, may I? Let me do it, will you? 9. Lets 表示建議包括聽話人在內(nèi)，用 shall we Lets go for a walk, shall we? 10. let us 表示允許，不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，用 will you Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 11. Let 接第三人稱賓語時用 will you Let him come in, will you? 12. Lets not 用 OK 或 all right Lets not go to the party, OK / all right? 13. 感嘆句用一般現(xiàn)在時 be 的形式（故事中用一般過去時 be 的形式） What fine weather, isnt it? How clever the boy is, isnt he? 特殊句式-祈使句 祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型： 1.行為動詞原形其它成分。例如： Make sentences after the model.根據(jù)例句造句。 2. Be 動詞其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等 )。例如： Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。 3. Let賓語動詞原形其它成分。例如： Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧 祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上 Dont 或 Never，一般分為以下三種類型： 1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加 Dont，構(gòu)成 Dont行為動詞原形其它成分。例如： Dont say that again!別再那樣說了！ 2.在 Be 動詞引起的肯定祈使句前加 Dont，構(gòu)成 Dont be其它成分( 形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)。 例如：Dont be careless. 不要粗心。 注意：在這種句型中 be 不能省略；否定副詞 not 不可置于 be 之后。 3.在公共場合的提示語中，否定祈使句常用 No名詞/V-ing 形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如： NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！ 祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用 will 或 wont。在回答具有否 定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點：一是形式一致，即 Yes 與 will 保持一致；No 與 wont 保持一致。 二是意思相反，即 Yes 是不的意思； No 是“是” 的意思。在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供 的條件 祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用 will 或 wont。在回答具有 否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點：一是形式一致，即 Yes 與 will 保持一致；No 與 wont 保持一致。 二是意思相反，即 Yes 是不的意思； No 是“是” 的意思。在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供 的條件。 - Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 - Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機場接我弟弟。