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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題1學(xué)案 外研版選修6 一、語(yǔ)法一致原則 主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。 二、意義一致原則 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個(gè)工人兼作家來(lái)自武漢。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 (3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 Each of the students has a book.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書(shū)。 (4)由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。 Is everybody here today？今天每個(gè)人都在這兒?jiǎn)幔? (5)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來(lái)確實(shí)難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 Whatever was left was taken away.無(wú)論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書(shū)。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (1)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。 (2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語(yǔ)。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。 (3)一些常用做復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs，arms等作主語(yǔ)。 The goods are made in China.這些貨物都是中國(guó)制造的。 (4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名詞作主語(yǔ)。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 (1)集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中國(guó)人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。 (2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每種方法都試過(guò)，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)有效。 There are various means of municating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。 (3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些種類的動(dòng)物要滅絕了。 (4)all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor.包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。 (5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are ing to the meeting. 有很多學(xué)生要來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準(zhǔn)備這次會(huì)議需要做大量的工作。 三、就近一致原則 1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？ 注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名詞”置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡(jiǎn)和約翰來(lái)承擔(dān)。 2．由there，here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的書(shū)桌上有三本書(shū)和一支鋼筆嗎？ 1．(xx年福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A．have polluted　　 B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been polluted 【解析】　句意為：——這湖水怎么這么難聞？——因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致問(wèn)題。water與pollute為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A項(xiàng)；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致，故排除C項(xiàng)。 【答案】　D 2．(xx年陜西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer. A．is going to B．a(chǎn)re going to C．was going to D．were going to 【解析】　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與介詞短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 【答案】　A 3．(xx年四川卷)The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America. A．a(chǎn)re；were B．is；were C．a(chǎn)re；was D．is；was 【解析】　 句意為：老師和同學(xué)們?cè)谟懻撁绹?guó)剛出版的《閱讀技巧》一書(shū)。不難看出主句的主語(yǔ)是the teacher，together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills 是一個(gè)書(shū)名也應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】　D 4．(xx年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．have D．be 【解析】　句意為：要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。該題考查的是主謂一致，按照就近一致原則，one of your students的中心詞為one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)，在本句中is to do表示應(yīng)該(should)。 【答案】　B 5．(xx年江西卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．will be D．was 【解析】　句意為：目前，人們贊成建一座新機(jī)場(chǎng)的理由之一是它將給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來(lái)很多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，At present＝Now是解題的關(guān)鍵。 【答案】　A 6．(xx年陜西卷)—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited. A．were B．have been C．has been D．was 【解析】　主語(yǔ)是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問(wèn)昨晚的情況，有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。 【答案】　D 7．(xx年浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where________yet. A．hasn’t been decided B．haven’t decided C．isn’t being decided D．a(chǎn)ren’t decided 【解析】　本題考查主謂一致。when and where引導(dǎo)的從句或跟不定式連用時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，再根據(jù)本題意思應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 【答案】　A 8．(xx年湖南卷)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has been D．have been 【解析】　此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語(yǔ)是time，后面of days and weeks是它的定語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 【答案】　A 9．(xx年江西卷)A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health. A．show；are B．shows；is C．show；is D．shows；are 【解析】　本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語(yǔ)是a survey，故用單數(shù)shows；第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語(yǔ)，故用is。 【答案】　B 10．(xx年陜西卷)As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_____. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair 【解析】　此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。twothirds of the buildings作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the buildings保持一致，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。need 此處意為“需要”，用法應(yīng)是need to be done/need doing。 【答案】　A 1．(xx屆東北三校聯(lián)考)—Hi，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. A．is B．were C．a(chǎn)re D．was 【解析】　考查主謂一致。every...and every...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時(shí)態(tài)可知，A項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】　A 2．(xx屆錦州模擬)John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center. A．have；is being taken B．have；has taken C．has；is taken D．has；have been taken 【解析】　考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，句意為：約翰同其他那些沒(méi)有父母的孩子一起在這個(gè)中心受到很好的照顧。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾other children所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)；名詞1＋as well as/besides/with/together with ect.＋名詞2時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則由名詞1決定，所以第二空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，約翰正在受到照顧，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。 【答案】　A 3．(xx屆東城檢測(cè))The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade. A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)是the number，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；in the past decade表示時(shí)間從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，即“十年來(lái)”，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【答案】　D 4．(xx屆江西五校聯(lián)考)Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline. A．a(chǎn)re；meet B．is；meet C．a(chǎn)re；satisfy D．is；satisfy 【解析】　考查主謂一致和詞語(yǔ)搭配。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有together with，as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)保持一致，此處主語(yǔ)是Professor Wang，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。 【答案】　B 5．(xx屆泰安模擬)Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________since the organization was built. A．has offered B．had been offered C．have been offered D．is offered 【解析】　由as well as連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ)并不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，“l(fā)arge quantites of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分析題目可知?jiǎng)幼麟m然發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 【答案】　C 6．(xx年鄭州一模)Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her. A．a(chǎn)re；do B．is；does C．a(chǎn)re；does D．is；do 【解析】　考查主謂一致。主句主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is；從句的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞clothes，因此用do。 【答案】　D 7．(xx年江蘇南通質(zhì)檢)On the contrary，I think it is Truman，________you，________ to blame. A．more than；are B．less than；who are C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is 【解析】　句意是：相反，我認(rèn)為是Truman而不是你該受到責(zé)備。題干包含一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關(guān)系，所以要用rather than。 【答案】　C 8．(xx年合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time. A．is；is B．a(chǎn)re；are C．is；are D．a(chǎn)re；is 【解析】　考查主謂一致。who，which，that作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)取決于先行詞，所以第一空用復(fù)數(shù)are；主語(yǔ)后有as well as等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)同其前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，所以第二空用單數(shù)。 【答案】　D 9．(xx年湖南高三十二校聯(lián)考)An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week. A．a(chǎn)re to be held B．a(chǎn)re holding C．is holding D．is to be held 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。hold的賓語(yǔ)是an exhibition，而不是paintings，所以應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)是an exhibition，of paintings是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，再結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week可知是表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。be to do sth.通常表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事，此處是被動(dòng)形式。 【答案】　D 10．(xx年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)查一)______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world. A．Fourfifth；believes B．Fourfifth；believe C．Fourfifths；believe D．Fourfifths；believes 【解析】　本題考查分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)和主謂一致。4/5→fourfifths。題干主語(yǔ)是(網(wǎng)絡(luò)上)4/5的人，是復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。 【答案】　C 11．(xx年湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第一次聯(lián)考)Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels. A．has turned B．have turned C．being turned D．a(chǎn)re going to turn 【解析】　考查主謂一致。“many a＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表示“許多”。 【答案】　A 12．(xx年北京海淀區(qū)高三第一學(xué)期期中考試)—Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book. —So have I. A．is reading B．has read C．read D．reads 【解析】　答語(yǔ)So have I是完成時(shí)態(tài)，由此很容易選出對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，那就是B項(xiàng)(has read)，表示“學(xué)生們看過(guò)了，我也看過(guò)了”。 【答案】　B 13．(xx年江蘇南通九校聯(lián)考)—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day? —A gift together with many flowers________sent to me. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。若句子的主語(yǔ)是由together with，along with，with，as well as＋名詞或代詞來(lái)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與together with，along with，with，as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。根據(jù)問(wèn)句，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【答案】　C 14．(xx年西安地區(qū)八校聯(lián)考)This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless. A．is；is B．is；are C．a(chǎn)re；is D．a(chǎn)re；are 【解析】　第一空前主語(yǔ)是“這種書(shū)”，而第二空前主語(yǔ)是books。 【答案】　B 15．(xx屆臨汾檢測(cè))________your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set? A．Be B．Are C．Is D．Were 【解析】　本題的主語(yǔ)由or連接，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相近的主語(yǔ)your brother是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is。 【答案】　C