浙江2017高考英語閱讀理解【主旨大意題】講解及選練（含答案）高考英語閱讀理解常考點(diǎn)分析閱讀理解試題常采用以下四種題型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、處理信息的能力 (細(xì)節(jié)理解題)；2. 考查考生對某個(gè)詞或詞語的理解能力 (詞義猜測題) ； 3. 考查考生對文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意題)；4. 考查考生對文章的隱含意義、延伸意義的推理判斷能力 (推理判斷題)。【主旨大意題】主旨大意題要求考生對全文的內(nèi)容或某一段或某幾段的內(nèi)容加以合理的歸納，目的是檢查對短文整體或某一或某幾個(gè)段落的理解概括能力。它可以是文章或段落中心的陳述，也可以是文章標(biāo)題的選擇。有些文章尤其是說明文和議論文，往往有主題句表明中心思想。但有些文章，比如記敘文往往沒有明確的主題句，需要考生在認(rèn)真體會，明確作者的意圖的基礎(chǔ)上來概括文章的中心。【備考策略】1. 注意主題段落和主題句的位置，特別是文章首段和結(jié)尾或段首和段尾；2. 注意提煉文章的關(guān)鍵詞，文章的關(guān)鍵詞有時(shí)候會出現(xiàn)在正確選項(xiàng)中?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)】1. 以偏概全。干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。 2. 主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。3. 張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構(gòu)成一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。 4. 斷章取義。干擾項(xiàng)常常以文章中的個(gè)別信息作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。【真題回放】A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attentionA crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world.（2013 浙江卷閱讀理解A篇）45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about .A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising45. C。這兩段就是文章的最后兩段。這兩段介紹了除了signs with symbols，當(dāng)時(shí)人們還用sound的方式來做廣告，所以這兩段的主要內(nèi)容是各種各樣的廣告形式?！緵_向高考】閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2013東北三省三校第二次聯(lián)考，C)UGG boots have been a winterweather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGGenthusiasts dont know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesnt mean its good or right，” he said. “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. Its a slipper. You wouldnt normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something thats indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say its not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”Mike ONeill, a consultant surgeon, said，“As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨損) on the joints on the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.”UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了雪地靴因它的時(shí)尚、舒適、保暖等特性而備受年輕女孩的青睞。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在它時(shí)尚的外觀背后，隱藏著一些不為人知的健康隱患。1Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following EXCEPT _.Adesign BcomfortCquality Dwarmth答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“. combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style.”可知，A、B、D三項(xiàng)都是年輕女孩喜歡雪地靴的原因。故C項(xiàng)正確。2According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, _.Athere is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG bootsBwearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problemsCits not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the timeDteenage girls bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesnt mean its good or right， he said. The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported.”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。3The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to _.Ashaped BstrengthenedCreformed Ddamaged答案：D詞義猜測題。由語境可知，年輕女孩子的骨頭正在發(fā)育，具有一定的可塑性。如果骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)以一種不合適的方式發(fā)育的話，骨骼就會損傷，發(fā)生變形。shaped合適的，有計(jì)劃的；strengthened使加強(qiáng)的；reformed革新的；damaged損傷的，毀壞的。此處與倒數(shù)第二段中“back problems”相照應(yīng)。故D項(xiàng)正確。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?APotential Harm of UGG BootsBThe Popularity of UGG BootsCThe Unique Design of UGG BootsDBenefits of UGG Boots答案：A標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了雪地靴對年輕女孩生長發(fā)育過程中所造成的潛在危害。故A項(xiàng)正確。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2015南昌市十所省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模)Below are the best four applications to help you organize your closet(櫥柜)and trust us, there really is something for everyone.ClosetIf youre looking to create your own digital closet, then this app is for you. Closet helps you categorize your outfits and keeps you uptodate on what youve already worn.PROS: Very simple and userfriendly. Great for helping you look at your own closet without feeling overwhelmed.CONS: No social interactions. This app is strictly for having a mobile version of your closet.PoseThe app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper. So if youre debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot.PROS: When you sign up, you fill out a short survey that helps identify your personal style and subsequently finds people with similar taste that you can follow for inspiration.CONS: The phone application is more visually appealing than the actual website.StyliticsIt allows you to categorize your clothes by color, brand, pattern and more. And if youre wondering whether you have already worn an outfit, simply check your style calendar.PROS: The app comes with a “Today in Fashion History” tip so you can brush up on your style knowledge.CONS: You cant view your style profile using the app yet unless you log on to the site.Walk in My ClosetIf youre browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual closet so that your wish list items are all in one place. Besides sharing your closet with other users, you can also sell items you no longer want.PROS: The “Moodboard” is a great way to gather inspiring looks that you like from other users and fashion experts.CONS: The luggage feature, which allows you to prepare outfits for an upcoming trip, is only available on the site; it would be useful if it were on the app.文章大意：本文講述四個(gè)流行的應(yīng)用程序來幫你組織你的櫥柜。1Which of the following can replace the underlined word?AInstantly.BAccurately.CDeliberately.DIncredibly.答案：D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Pose中提到So if youre debating whether or not to buy something, you can get a second opinion. The app also gathers photos of items that you wish to buy and items you already own, so they are all in one spot.如果你不知道是否要買，這個(gè)app可能收集你想要買的東西的照片，即時(shí)的瀏覽，故app讓沒有主見的消費(fèi)者購物變得非常的簡單，故選D項(xiàng)。2Which of the following is designed for people who often hesitate when buying clothes?ACloset.BPose.CStylitics.DWalk in My Closet.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Pose提到的The app makes things insanely easy for the indecisive shopper可知app讓那些優(yōu)柔寡斷的消費(fèi)者買東西變得更加簡單，故選B項(xiàng)。3What can we learn about Walk in My Closet from the passage?AIt is a simple and userfriendly app.BIt helps you confirm your personal style.CIt combines both shopping and organizing your closet.DIt requires you to log on the site to view your style profile.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Walk in My Closet提到的If youre browsing the Internet, looking for something to buy, you can instantly add the item to your virtual closet so that your wish list items are all in one place如果你瀏覽網(wǎng)頁時(shí)，看到想買的東西，你可以把它加入到你的虛擬衣柜，故可知選C項(xiàng)。4The passage mainly tells us _.Aabout the four best fashion apps to help organize your closetBhow to use these fashion appsCthat everyone can find their own personal styleDthat we should share our closet with friends答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述四個(gè)流行的應(yīng)用程序來幫你組織你的櫥柜，故選A項(xiàng)。（2015模擬題）HortonAt first glance，there is little in Horton to attract people.The other nearby towns have much more to offer：Bradfield has its river and historic buildings，while Newtown has shops and entertainment.The buildings of Horton look dirty and unloved.For shops，there is a small supermarket，a few bargain shops，a bakery which，strangely，does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sadlooking flowers.Even so，Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns.Firstly，it has a country park.Four thousand years ago，this was an important fort.There are no historic remains here now，but there are wonderful views over the countryside.On sunny weekends you can often see kids out with their parents，kicking balls or flying kites.There arent many job opportunities in Horton，and the roads to nearby cities arent really fast，but there are excellent rail links.You can be in London in an hour and a half，and other cities are less than an hour away.That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families.Houses in Horton arent pretty，but theyre functional and cheap.The streets are quiet and safe，and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds.It has a library，three primary schools and a secondary school，St.Marks.It is friendly and offers a wide range of subjects and activities to children of all abilities and backgrounds.The town also has a swimming and a sports centre，and the community halls hold regular clubs and events for people of all ages.1.What is the writers main purpose?A.To explain what tourists can do in Horton.B.To explain why Horton is a good place to live in.C.To explain why Horton is not as pleasant as other towns.D.To describe the history of Horton.答案B解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Even so，Horton has several advantages over its neighbouring towns.”和第三段對該地方的介紹說明作者想說的就是Horton這個(gè)地方適于居住。故選B。2.Which part of Horton does the writer find disappointing?A.The shops. B.Country park.C.Transport links. D.The schools.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段對該鎮(zhèn)商店的描述“For shops，there is a small supermarket，a few bargain shops，a bakery which，strangely，does not sell bread and a florist which has one stand of sadlooking flowers.”可知這里的商店讓人失望。故選A。3.Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Horton?A.Plenty of parks and playgrounds.B.Historical buildings.C.The quiet and safe streets.D.Functional and cheap houses.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Houses in Horton arent pretty，but theyre functional and cheap.The streets are quiet and safe，and there are plenty of parks and playgrounds.”排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)；只有B不是Horton的優(yōu)勢。故選B。4.What advantages does Horton bring to workers?A.There are plenty of jobs available in the town.B.You can drive to nearby cities in a short time.C.You can get to several cities quickly by train.D.Working conditions are better here than in other towns.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“You can be in London in an hour and a half，and other cities are less than an hour away.That means that parents can earn a good salary and still get home in time to spend the evenings with their families.”可知住在這里的工人們能夠坐火車很快地到達(dá)附近的城市。故選C。閱讀下面短文，選擇最佳答案填空。DTry rubbing(摩擦) the tip of your finger backwards and forwards very quickly on your coat or a blanket. It should become hot. In cold weather we sometimes rub our hands together to make them warm. The rubbing of two together which causes heat is called “friction”(摩擦力). In the same way, people who lived in caves rubbed a piece of wood shaped like a pencil on another piece of wood with dried leaves or grass packed nearby. The heat set the leaves or grass alight. This was a difficult way of making fire. Better ways were found by using flint(火石), but it was not until 1827 that the first matches were made in England.Chemists made up a mixture and put it on an end of a stick or match. The mixture contained a small amount of phosphorous(磷), a chemical that bursts into flame when heated slightly. The other chemicals then caught fire and burned less fiercely until the wood was alight. By rubbing the end of the match on sandpaper, the friction easily set the phosphorous alight. These first matches could also be struck on other rough surfaces, including the leather sole（底）of a shoe.At the time, everyone thought this was a wonderful invention. Unfortunately accidents happened. A whole box of matches would suddenly catch fire if it was heated. Imagine this happening to someone warming themselves by a fire with a box of matches in his or her pocket! Even loose matches in a handbag or pocket could rub together and catch fire.What was needed was a match that would only light if struck on a special surface. In 1852, the safety match was invented in Sweden. No phosphorous was used in the matchheadit was put on the outside of the matchbox instead. This made it impossible for the match to light unless it was rubbed along the box on the special surface which contained sandpaper mixed with a little phosphorous.1. Why did people use dried leaves or grass to pack another piece of wood?A. The leaves or grass is easy to be alight.B. The leaves or grass covered the wood well.C. The leaves or grass help the air cause heat. D. The leaves or grass acted as the role of match .2、What did the chemists make the match of in 1827?A. Leather sole, sandpaper and leaves. B. Wood, leather sole and sandpaper.C. Phosphorous, wood and sandpaper.D. Phosphorous, sandpaper and flint.3. If a match was struck on a special surface, we could see_.A. loose matches could catch fire fiercely B. phosphorous wasnt needed in the match C. there were matches and sandpaper in pockets.D. loose matches in pockets wouldnt catch fire at a time.參考答案13、ACD（2015模擬題）Norm Pethrick，a 36yearold man in Australias northern city Darwin，was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodiles back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park，a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin，a local newspaper reported.Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (撲)，locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.Norm Pethrick，who with his wife had been collecting water，immediately went to help her.He jumped onto the back，poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.Mrs Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment.The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (傷口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation，” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH)，Dr Len Notaras，according to a local report.He said Mrs Pethrick was saved by her husbands “quick and diligent actions”.Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds，which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (細(xì)菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.1.This passage is most likely to be found in .A.a travel guide B.a newspaper C.a textbook D.a novel答案B解析文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a local newspaper reported”可知，這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B。2.The crocodile attacked Mrs Pethrick when she was .A.swimming in the riverB.standing on the river bankC.watching the crocodileD.fishing in the water答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged(撲).”，可知鱷魚襲擊Mrs Pethrick時(shí)，她正站在河邊。故選B。3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mrs Pethrick?A.Her eyes were badly poked.B.She had eight wounds altogether.C.One of her fingers also got hurt.D.One of the crocodiles teeth was found in her leg.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds(傷口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.”可知，她右腿有8處傷口，左腿有一處傷，還有一個(gè)手指受傷嚴(yán)重。故選C。4.According to the passage，Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT .A.brave B.diligentC.quick D.humorous答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和倒數(shù)第二段可知，Pethrick從鱷魚口中救下妻子表明他反應(yīng)迅速，機(jī)智勇敢。故選D。