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2019-2020 年高中英語(yǔ)大題精做 03Ahealthylife 含解析新人教版選修 I. 完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C 和 D) 中，選出 最佳選項(xiàng)。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money repairing it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造業(yè)) and technology, panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 . Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. panies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem 2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products 3. A. face B. bee C. observe D. change 4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw 5. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of 6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful 7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy 9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends 10. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve 11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes 12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed of 13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger 14. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away 15. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences 16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure 17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands 18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 19. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of 20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising II. 閱讀理解 A Pre-school children who spend time together take on one another’s personalities, new research had found. The study reveals that environment plays a key role I shaping people’s personalities. While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心靈), the research finds that personality traits are “contagious” among children. “Our finding that personality traits are “contagious” among children flies a face of mon assumptions that personality is ingrained(根生蒂固的) and can’t be changed,” said Dr Jennifer Neal, associate professor of psychology at Michigan State University and co-author of the study. “This is important because some personality traits can help children succeed in life, while others can hold them back.” The researchers studied the personalities and social networks of two pre- school classed for a full school year. One of the classes was a set of three- year-olds, and one a set of four-year-olds. Children whose friends were hard- working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time. But children whose peers were anxious or easily frustrated did not take on these traits. The new study is not the first to explore the contagious effects of personality traits. A xx psychology study found that rudeness at work can be contagious as it travels from person to person “l(fā)ike a disease”. Researchers form Sweden’s Lund University claimed that even petty (微不足道的) behavior, like not inviting someone to a munal event or spreading rumors, can start the cycle off. The study found that seeing a supervisor being rude to an employee was enough to cause people to be rude to those around them. Often, those who experienced rudeness would be rude to others. Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most mon cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others. “An important finding form our study is that those who behave rudely in the work place experience stronger social support, which probably makes them less afraid of negative reactions to their behavior form managers and colleagues.” Dr Torkelson believes panies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office. 1. What does the underlined word “contagious” mean in the second paragraph? A. Faulty. B. Influential. C. Harmful. D. Troublesome 2. From the fourth paragraph, we can learn that . A. children whose friends are hard-working can succeed more easily B. children whose peers are easily frustrated can fail more easily C. children of three years old have personalities that are more active D. children of four years old have personalities that are less active 3. The xx psychology study indicates that . A. rudeness at work should be banned totally B. rudeness at work is beneficial occasionally C. supervisors and employees can be influenced by the rudeness at work D. rudeness at work like “a disease” cannot be changed 4. What can we conclude from Dr Eva Torkelson? A. People who behave rudely will not gain support at work. B. Bad behavior can be imitated in the workplace, C. Managers will be more friendly to their employees in the future. D. Rudeness can be a motivation for most employees. B Many kids help out around the house with chores(家庭雜務(wù)) such as emptying the dishwasher, putting laundry away, and taking out the trash. In exchange, some kids get allowances(補(bǔ)貼) or other rewards such as extra puter time. But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores. Susie Walton, a parenting educator and family coach, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. "Running any kind of household is a team effort," Susie said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and that families decide together how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look.” Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money. There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed(兌取) either online or in the real world. With the ChoreMonster app, kids earn digital points by pleting chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall. “Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards,” says Chris Bergman, founder of ChoreMonster. “Kids need positive reinforcement(強(qiáng)化) to help motivate them.”zx by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn) 心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. I. 完形填空 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們傾向于扔掉用舊了的東西，以新物品取而代之。 堆積如山的垃圾給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的影響。包裝盒等一次性產(chǎn)品給人們帶來(lái)方便的同時(shí)，也給環(huán) 境帶來(lái)很大的壓力。 4. C 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后面的“than to spend time and money repairing it.” 可知，與花時(shí)間和錢(qián)修理物品相比， 現(xiàn)在更換物品更容易。A. hide 躲藏；B. control 控制；C. replace 代替；D. withdraw 撤退，收回。 故選 C。 5. A 考查介詞短語(yǔ)。此處指多虧了當(dāng)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)，公司能夠更快地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品， 成本也降低很多。 A. Thanks to 多虧了；B. As to 關(guān)于；至于；C. Except for 除了；D. Regardless of 不管。故選 A。 6. C 考查形容詞。根據(jù)前面的“inexpensively”可知，成本降低的話(huà)，產(chǎn)品價(jià)格 相對(duì)也會(huì)降低。A. safe 安 全的；B. funny 滑稽的；可笑的；C. cheap 便宜的；D. powerful 強(qiáng)有力的。故選 C。 7. A 考查名詞。根據(jù)后面的“save time and make our lives easier.”可知， 另一個(gè)原因是人們對(duì)一次性產(chǎn)品 的鐘愛(ài)。A. love 愛(ài)；B. lack 缺少；C. prevention 阻止；D. division 劃分。故選 A。 8. D 考查形容詞。根據(jù)后面的“save time and make our lives easier.”可知， 人們總是在節(jié)省時(shí)間，說(shuō)明人 們很忙碌。A. sensitive 敏感的；B. kind 友好的；C. brave 勇敢的；D. busy 忙碌的。故選 D。 9. A 考查名詞。此處指忙碌的人們總是在尋找方法節(jié)省時(shí)間、讓生活更容易。A. ways 方法；B. places 地方；C. jobs 工作；D. friends 朋友。a way to do sth.指 “做某事的方法”，是固定搭配，不定式作后 置定語(yǔ)。故選 A。 10. C 考查動(dòng)詞。此處指企業(yè)生產(chǎn)大量的一次性產(chǎn)品。A. donate 捐贈(zèng)；B. receive 收 到；C. produce 生產(chǎn)； D. preserve 保存。故選 C。 11. D 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的欲望也促成了這一問(wèn)題。A. adapts to 適應(yīng)； 改編；B. returns to 返回；歸還；C. responds to 回應(yīng)；反應(yīng)；D. contributes to 做貢獻(xiàn)；有助于。故選 D。 12. B 考查介詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上下文可知，人們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品有一種欲望；廣告也在促使人們 購(gòu)買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品，所 以人們癡迷于購(gòu)買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品。A. tired of 厭倦；B. addicted to 沉迷于；C. worried about 擔(dān)心；D. ashamed for 感到羞恥。故選 B。 13. A 考查形容詞。廣告使人們相信新的產(chǎn)品會(huì)更好。A. newer 更新的；B. stronger 更強(qiáng)壯的；C. higher 更高的；D. larger 更大的。故選 A。 14. D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。此處指人們?nèi)拥暨€有用的物品來(lái)為新的騰地方。A. pick up 撿起； 學(xué)會(huì)；健康恢復(fù)； 用車(chē)接；B. pay for 支付；C. hold onto 抓住，堅(jiān)持；D. throw away 扔掉。故選 D。 consumers 消費(fèi)者；D. brands 品牌。故選 B。 18. A 考查副詞。句意：然而，只是要求人們循環(huán)利用是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。A. However 然而； B. Otherwise 否 則的話(huà)；要不然；C. Therefore 因此；D. meanwhile 同時(shí)。故選 A。 19. D 考查介詞。根據(jù)前面的“Maybe there is another way out.”來(lái)理解句意：我們 需要修理我們的財(cái)物，而 不是扔掉它們。A. by 通過(guò)；B. in favour of 支持；贊 成；C. after 在……之后；D. instead of 代替， 而不是。故選 D。 20. A 考查動(dòng)詞。前面提到了要修理物品；再根據(jù)后面的“and changing our spending habits”可知，我們也 要考慮自己的花費(fèi)習(xí)慣。A. spending 花費(fèi)；度過(guò)；B. collecting 收集；C. repairing 修理；D. advertising 做廣告。故選 A。 II. 閱讀理解 A 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人格特質(zhì)是可以相互傳染的，環(huán)境對(duì)塑造人的性格起著關(guān)鍵 的作用。在工作中，人的粗俗行為最常見(jiàn)的原因是模仿他人。企業(yè)需要更清楚地意識(shí)到在 工作場(chǎng)所無(wú)禮所造成的危害，因?yàn)樗梢云茐霓k公室里的氣氛。 1. B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句“While genetics still forms the core of the human psyche(心 靈),”以及后面舉的例子可知，盡管遺傳形成了人類(lèi)心靈 的核心，但是人格特質(zhì)是可“傳染”的。故選 B。 2. A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)句子“Children whose friends were hard-working or outgoing gradually took on these personality traits over time.”可知，如果朋 友們勤奮或者外向，隨著時(shí)間的推移，這些孩子也會(huì)逐漸具備 了這些性格特征，促進(jìn)自 己的成功。故選 A。 3. C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，工作中的粗魯會(huì)傳染， 它會(huì)像一種疾病一 樣從人身上傳播。上司對(duì)員工粗魯無(wú)禮，就足以使人們對(duì)周?chē)娜?不禮貌。故選 C。 4. B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中“Dr Eva Torkelson, a psychologist at Lund University, said the most mon cause of people acting rudely at work was imitating others.”和“Dr Torkelson believes panies need to be more aware of the harm that rudeness in the workplace can do, as it can grow and damage the atmosphere in the office.”可知，在工作中，人的粗俗行為最常見(jiàn)的原因是模仿他人。 企業(yè)需要更清楚地意識(shí)到在工作 場(chǎng)所無(wú)禮所造成的危害，因?yàn)樗梢云茐霓k公室里的 氣氛。故選 B。 B 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。家長(zhǎng)要不要獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)呢？不同的人對(duì)此有不同 的看法。文章介紹了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)的利弊。 5. A 【解析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段可知，作者首先陳述目前一些家長(zhǎng)的常見(jiàn)做法， 從而引出本文討論的話(huà)題：家長(zhǎng)該不該獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)。故 A 選項(xiàng)切題：作者是通 過(guò)陳述事實(shí)來(lái)引出本文話(huà)題的。 家務(wù)，故 C 選項(xiàng)正確。 7. A 【解析】段落大意題。由第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段的第一句＂Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores, and it also teaches them world lessons about how we need to work to earn money＂可知，該段主要介紹的是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)的好處。故 A 選項(xiàng) 切題。 8.D 【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在文中只是客觀介紹了不同人對(duì)于家長(zhǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子做家務(wù)的 看法，并沒(méi)有發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，所以作者對(duì)此持中立態(tài)度，故 D 選項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅲ. 七選五型閱讀理解 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】與失聰者交談，關(guān)鍵是讓他們能夠聽(tīng)清，聽(tīng)明白。要做到這些，你需要 注意幾點(diǎn)。 1. A 【解析】根據(jù)后文語(yǔ)境 do this by moving into the person’s field of vision 可知，要引起那個(gè)人的注意，故選擇 A 項(xiàng)。 時(shí)，用的詞盡量不要太難。故選擇 G 項(xiàng)。 5. D 【解析】根據(jù)空前的句子 don’t turn away from the deaf person in your group 可知，如果這樣做，會(huì)讓他們感到受冷落，故選擇 D 項(xiàng)。 Ⅳ. 短文改錯(cuò) is no doubt that health is the most important thing in our life. As a Chinese proverb , ＂Health is blessing＂. Should we be always ill in bed, how we enjoy life? To keep healthy, we must develop a healthy way of life. First of all, we should keep on doing sports on a basis, because it can strengthen both our body and mind, refresh ourselves and us work more efficiently. Secondly, we must keep balanced diet to provide our body with various nutrition we need, we should refuse junk food. Remember, it is through the mouth diseases enter our body. Thirdly, a good sleep is also vital to our health. up too late at night often results in poor health. As middle school students, we need better sleep to do better in our lessons. 第一處：It→為 There 此處為固定句式 There is no doubt that 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。 第二處：go→goes 句意：正如一句中國(guó)諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)……，本句描述的是客觀性事實(shí)，故用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語(yǔ) proverb 為單數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。 第三處：can→could 句意：我們?cè)趺聪硎芪覀兊纳?？should 位于句首，在此處是虛擬 語(yǔ)氣。how could…經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈或是責(zé)備，how can…只表示根據(jù)客觀 事實(shí)的判斷。故將 can 改為 could。 第四處：regularly→regular 聯(lián)系下文 basis(基礎(chǔ))可知，此處用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故將 regularly 改為 regular。 第五處：making→make 此處 make 和前文 strength、refresh 同為并列謂語(yǔ)，故也用動(dòng)詞 原形。 第六處：keep 后加 a 聯(lián)系下文＂balanced diet＂可知，此處指的是保持一個(gè)均衡的飲食。 故加不定冠詞。balanced 詞首音素是輔音，故不定冠詞用 a。 第七處：but→and 句意：并且我們應(yīng)該拒絕垃圾食品。聯(lián)系上下文可知，前后為順接關(guān) 系，but 但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故改為 and。 第八處：where→that 本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)疾病是通過(guò)口腔進(jìn)入我們的身體的。故連接詞 用 that。 第九處：去掉 into enter 進(jìn)入，及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接接賓語(yǔ)。 第十處：stay→staying 句意：在晚上經(jīng)常熬夜導(dǎo)致身體不適。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用動(dòng) 名詞作主語(yǔ)。故將 stay 改為 staying。 Ⅴ. 語(yǔ)法填空 1. as 考查介詞。句意：這一趨勢(shì)最初始于醫(yī)學(xué)界作為一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法。as 表示 “作為，以…… 身份” ，故填 as。 2. effects 考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語(yǔ)境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用” ，根 據(jù)前文的 some 可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填 effects。 西。故填 a。 6. worse 考查比較級(jí)。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填 worse。 7. is 考查主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中滿(mǎn)是脂肪和鹽。fast food 的意思是“快餐” ， 表示一類(lèi)食物，為 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填 is。 8. eating 考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：通過(guò)吃更多的快餐，人們將在飲食中攝入超過(guò)需求 量的脂肪和鹽。根據(jù) 前文中的 by 可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞、動(dòng)名詞，所以填 eating。 9. careful 考查形容詞。句意：然而，注意不要走極端。分析語(yǔ)境可知 be 后面應(yīng)該 用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故 填 careful。 10. which 考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：很可能攝入過(guò)多的脂肪和鹽，那對(duì)健康沒(méi)有 好處。分析可知 which is not good for the health 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， 先行詞是前面的整句話(huà)。