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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習話題語篇專攻練10人物傳記一外研版 Ⅰ. 閱讀理解 A Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of ets(彗星)which other scientists had made. The orbit(軌道)of one particular et was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a et had the shape of an ellipse(橢圓形). Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解決, 計算出)the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The ets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different ets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different ets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same et three times. The et had gone away and had e back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(預言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the et appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that et had been called Halley’s et, in his honor. 【文章大意】文章介紹了哈雷和他發(fā)現(xiàn)的哈雷彗星, 以及發(fā)現(xiàn)驗證哈雷彗星的過程。 1. Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of______. A. some different ets appearing several times B. the same et appearing at different times C. three different ets appearing at the same time D. several ets appearing at the same time 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據第四段中He decided that they had simply seen the same et three times. 及上文提到的看見彗星的時間分別是1531年、1607年、1682年可以判斷。 2. Halley made his discovery______. A. by doing experiments B. by means of his own careful observation C. by using the working of other scientists D. by chance 【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二句He studied the observations of ets which other scientists had made. 可知哈雷的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在研究其他科學家們的觀察中得出來的, 故選C。 3. Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year______. A. 1704　　　B. 1705　　　C. 1706　　D. 1707 【解析】選B。數(shù)字計算題。根據第五段中He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. 可以推斷出哈雷做出預言的時間是1705年, 故選B。 4. This passage in general is about______. A. Halley and other scientists B. the orbit of a et C. Newton and Halley D. Halley and his discovery 【解析】選D。主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知文章的中心是哈雷以及他發(fā)現(xiàn)的哈雷彗星, 故選D。 B (xx佛山模擬) Mr Selfridge, the Wisconsin-born retailer(零售商)who left school at 14, rose to bee a partner in Marshall Field’s Chicago. Founded in 1852, it was one of the first and most ambitious US department scores. Mr Selfridge had done well with Marshall Field’s. He liked to say, “The customer is always right, ”which made the Chicago store popular. And he is believed to have invented the phrase, “Only so many Shopping Days until Christmas”. When he visited London on holiday in 1906 he was surprised to find most of the city’s department stores were no match of their American and Parisian petitors. This led Selfridge to leave the US and establish Selfridges—a department store named after him, at the west end of London’s Oxford Street. In Oxford Street, Selfridge’s design team shaped an ambitious classical palace building with a wall of plate glass windows. 　　Opened in 1909, Selfridges offered customers a hundred departments along with restaurants, a roof garden, reading and writing rooms, reception areas for foreign visitors, a first aid room and most importantly, a small army of knowledgeable floor-walking assistants who served as guides as well as being thoroughly instructed in the art of making a sale. 　　Mr Selfridge did much to make the department store a destination rather than just a big and prehensively stocked city shop. It became a place to meet and for ladies to lunch. Mr Selfridge later introduced the department store as a key element of the 20th Century culture, and Chaplin acknowledged the growing trend for shopping in the department store in his film The Floorwalker. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了美國著名銷售大師Selfridge的銷售特色以及他開拓英國市場的過程。 5. What can be learned about Mr Selfridge from Paragraph 1? A. He was well-educated. B. He was a gifted businessman. C. He was a modest man. D. He was dishonest. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據第一段后三句可知Mr Selfridge擅長商業(yè)經營, 故選B。 6. What made Selfridge build a department store in London? A. The large population in London. B. His desire to own a department store. C. His confidence in business success. D. Affection for London architecture. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句可知他在1906年來倫敦的時候, 發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一家倫敦的百貨店能夠和美國的百貨店相比, 于是他就在倫敦建立了商店。說明他對自己的商業(yè)模式很自信, 認為自己一定能夠取得成功, 故選C。 7. What was Selfridges’ most impressive characteristic? A. The number of departments. B. The broad choice of goods. C. The small group of guards. D. The well-trained sales guides. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據第三段可知在他的商業(yè)模式中最重要的是訓練有素的銷售助理, 故選D。 8. What is the main purpose of the article? A. To introduce the history of Selfridge. B. To pare different department stores. C. To encourage readers to spend more. D. To explain how to start a department store. 【解析】選A。目的意圖題。根據全文內容可知本文主要介紹了美國著名銷售大師Selfridge的特點以及他到英國開拓市場的過程。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 (xx洛陽模擬) Starting from my early young age, I was a happy child. However, at age twelve, my life had a huge__1__. I developed obsessive pulsive disorder (OCD). I started to wash my hands ten times an hour to__2__bacteria and I frequently checked my kitchen to make sure that it was__3__. This way of life continued for four__4__years, and by then, my OCD had led to__5__. I was no longer the happy little girl I had been. I told my mother that I was suffering from depression. So Mum took me to a__6__. The medicine didn’t help me very much. I was still__7__sad, believing that my life no longer__8__. One autumn evening two years ago, I hit rock bottom. I__9__thought suicide was the only__10__to my depression problem, so I wrote a suicide__11__to my family. As I was folding the note, my__12__fell on a photograph. It was a picture of a lovely little girl with dark-blue eyes__13__of adventure and curiosity. It took me a few minutes to__14__that the smiling girl in the photo was me. The photo had been taken at one weekend at my uncle’s house when I was seven. Suddenly I felt a chill(驚悸)and it was like my younger__15__had sent me a message. Once I had been a__16__little girl, and I had to bee strong like that again. I tore up my suicide note and swore that I would have to__17__the depression with my mind, too. I could make myself happy again. It has been two years__18__I“rediscovered”myself. I am OCD and depression-free. I am prepared for whatever__19__life may bring. My hero is a seven-year-old girl, __20__back at me from a photo on my desk. 【文章大意】本文講述的是一個女孩與抑郁癥抗爭的故事。 1. A. request B. breakdown C. oute D. drawback 【解析】選B。根據下文可知作者患了強迫癥, request請求; breakdown崩潰; oute結果; drawback缺點; 故選B。 2. A. avoid B. breed C. carry D. examine 【解析】選A。我每小時洗十次手以避免(avoid)細菌。 3. A. down B. hot C. off D. clear 【解析】選C。我頻繁地檢查廚房以確保遠離(off)細菌。 4. A. boring B. careful C. shy D. painful 【解析】選D。我度過了痛苦的(painful)四年。 5. A. impression B. pressure C. motivation D. depression 【解析】選D。強迫癥導致了抑郁癥。 6. A. doctor B. stranger C. teacher D. schoolmaster 【解析】選A。根據下文的medicine可知媽媽帶我去看醫(yī)生了。 7. A. generally B. suddenly C. occasionally D. constantly 【解析】選D。我依然(constantly)很傷心。 8. A. changed B. mattered C. succeeded D. failed 【解析】選B。根據下文作者想過自殺, 可知她覺得自己的生命不再重要。故選B。 9. A. still B. even C. yet D. barely 【解析】選B。我精神到了谷底甚至想到了自殺。still仍然, 還; even甚至; yet但是, 然而; barely幾乎不。故選B。 10. A. situation B. method C. solution D. relation 【解析】選C。我甚至覺得自殺是解決我抑郁癥問題的唯一辦法, solution to. . . , 表示“……的解決辦法”。 11. A. essay B. notice C. note D. poster 【解析】選C。所以給我的家人寫了自殺的留言條(note)。下句As I was folding the note也有note的復現(xiàn)。 12. A. hands B. heart C. head D. eyes 【解析】選D。考查語境邏輯。我看到一張照片。 13. A. full B. free C. proud D. fond 【解析】選A。深藍色的眼睛里充滿(full)了冒險和好奇。 14. A. imagine B. realize C. predict D. guess 【解析】選B。我花了很長時間才意識到(realize)照片中微笑的女孩是我。 15. A. brother B. sister C. uncle D. self 【解析】選D。我突然感到一陣寒意, 那是年輕的自己在向我傳遞信息。 16. A. strong B. beautiful C. young D. curious 【解析】選A。曾經我是一個強大(strong)的女孩。 17. A. accept B. fight C. relieve D. distract 【解析】選B。我撕碎了遺書并且發(fā)誓必須和抑郁癥作斗爭(fight)。 18. A. when B. after C. before D. since 【解析】選D。自從我重新找到自己已經兩年了, 故選D。 19. A. concerns B. demands C. challenges D. chances 【解析】選C。不管生活帶來什么挑戰(zhàn), 我都準備好了。concern關注; demand需求; challenge挑戰(zhàn); chance機會。故選C。 20. A. crying B. shouting C. smiling D. going 【解析】選C。我的英雄是書桌上照片中在向我微笑的7歲女孩。 Ⅲ. 語法填空 　　閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Dr. Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects(缺陷), including me. She did my first operations when I was a baby, which were the most important and 1. __________(effect). I don’t remember the first two operations very well. But I do recall 2. __________third. Dr. Barone was kind and eased me into the process. She let me choose my sleep medicine, 3. __________(make)sure that I was okay. I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know4. __________a big job she did. Dr. Barone5. __________(operate)on people with all types of birth defects. She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them 6. __________free. Many people benefit from her new ways7. __________(invent)to fix birth defects of the head and face. She has won many awards. A few of the most recent8. __________(be)Best Doctors in America xx, America’s Top Plastic Surgery, and many others. Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was9. ________ (probable)just another patient to her, to me she was10. __________(much)than just my doctor. She was and is my hero, and she gave me back my smile. 【文章大意】Dr. Barone幫很多出生有缺陷的孩子做手術, 她是我心目中的英雄。 1. 【解析】effective。句意: 最重要最有效的。根據句意可知此處填形容詞。 2. 【解析】the。句意: 我確實記得第三次。序數(shù)詞前用the。 3. 【解析】making?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語。 4. 【解析】what。句意: 我知道她做了一項多么大的工作。根據句意可知用what引導賓語從句。 5. 【解析】operates。句意: Dr. Barone為所有類型的出生有缺陷的人做手術。根據句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài), 主語是第三人稱單數(shù), 故填operates。 6. 【解析】for。固定詞組for free免費。故填for。 7. 【解析】invented。過去分詞作后置定語, 故填invented。 8. 【解析】are。根據句子主語A few of the most recent可知填are。 9. 【解析】probably。副詞修飾整個句子, 故填probably。 10. 【解析】more。根據后面的than可知用比較級, 故填more。 ①figure out　　　　 計算出; 解決 ②deal with 處理; 應對 ③brilliant adj. 聰明的 ④prediction n. 預言 ⑤ambitious adj. 有雄心的 ⑥name after 以……命名 ⑦acknowledge v. 承認 ⑧defect n. 缺陷 ⑨benefit from 從……受益 ⑩award n. 獲獎