單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,Forensic,Linguistics,主講人,：,武金婷,frensk,forensic,belonging to,used in,or suitable to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate,Contents,01/Definition,02/History,03/Areas of Study,04/,Use of,Linguistic Evidence,in Legal Proceedings,Forensic,Linguistics,01,Definition,of,Forensic,L,inguistics,Forensic linguistics,legal linguistics,or,language and the law,is the application of,linguistic,knowledge,methods and insights to the,forensic,context of law,language,crime investigation,trial,and judicial,procedure(,司法程序,).,It is a branch of,applied linguistics.,Forensic linguistic,01.Definition of forensic linguistics,02,History of Forensic,L,inguistics,In,1968,:The,phrase,forensic linguistics,first appeared or used,by,Jan Svartvik,a professor of,linguistics.,In the,1980s:Australian,linguists discussed,the application,of,linguistics and sociolinguistics,to,legal,issues.,In 1993:,the field have professional associations such as the International,Association,of Forensic Linguists,(IAFL)(,國際司法語言學家協(xié)會,),In the 2000s:A,considerable shift in the field of forensic linguistics,which has been described as a,coming-of-age of the discipline,.,In 2017,the Austrian Association of Forensic Linguists,(AALL),founded.,02.History,Forensic linguistic,Areas of,Study,03,The,language of legal,texts,The study of the language of legal texts encompasses a wide range of forensic texts.That includes the study of text types and forms of analysis.Any text or item of spoken language can potentially be a forensic text when it is used in a,legal,or,criminal,context,.,This,includes,analyzing the,linguistics of documents as diverse as,Acts of Parliament,(or other law-making body),private,wills,(,私人遺囑,),court,judgements,（法院判決）,and,summonses,（法院傳票）,and,the statutes,(,法規(guī)；法令,)of,other bodies,such as States and government,departments.,01,Forensic linguistic,The,language of legal,processes,Among other things,this area examines language as it is used in,cross-examination(,盤問,),evidence presentation,judges,direction,police cautions,police testimonies,（警方證詞）,in,court,summing up to a,jury,（召集陪審團）,interview techniques,the questioning process in court and in other areas such as police interviews.,02,Forensic linguistic,04,Use of Linguistic,Evidence,in,Legal Proceedings,Forensic,phonetic,（司法語音學）,The,forensic phonetician is concerned with the production of,accurate transcriptions of what was being said,.Transcriptions can reveal information about a speakers social and regional background.Forensic phonetics can determine similarities between the speakers of two or more separate recordings.Voice recording as a supplement to the transcription can be useful as it allows victims and witnesses to indicate whether the voice of a suspect is that of the,accused.,01,Forensic stylistics,（司法文體學）,This discipline subjects written or spoken materials(or both),to scientific analysis for determination and measurement of content,meaning,speaker identification,or determination of authorship,in identifying,plagiarism,.,One of the,earliest,cases,where forensic stylistics was used to,detect,plagiarism,was the case of,Helen Kellers short,story,“The Frost King,.,The blind American author,was accused of,plagiarism,in 1892,with regard to the short story.Upon investigation,The Frost King was,found to have been,plagiarised,from Margaret Canbys book,Frost Fairies,which had been read to her some time ago.Keller was discovered to have made only minute changes to common words and phrases and used less common words to put the same point across,suggesting mere alterations to original ideas.,02,Discourse Analysis,（話語分析）,Discourse Analysis deals,with analyzing written,oral,or sign language use,or any significant,semiotic(,符號學的,),event.According to the method,the close analysis of a covert,（秘密的）,recording,can produce useful deductions.The use of,I,instead of,We,in a recording highlights non-complicity,（共犯）,in,a,conspiracy,（陰謀）,.,The utterance of,yeah,and,uh-huh,as responses indicate that the suspect understands the suggestion,while feedback markers such as,yeah,and,uh-huh,do not denote the,suspects,agreement to the suggestion.Discourse analysis are not always allowed to testify but during preparation for a case they are often useful to,lawyers,.,03,Forensic linguistic,Linguistic dialectology,Author,Identification:The identification of whether a given individual said or wrote something relies on analysis of their,idiolect.(,個人語言方式,),*Evidence,from forensic linguistics has more power to eliminate someone as a suspect than to prove him or her,guilty,Forensic Linguistics is a,newly-developed,cross-disciplinary field.Its very useful to us.,Forensic linguistic,04,Other Usages,Forensic linguistic,1 https:/www.merriam- on October 11th,2017.,2,Centre for Forensic Linguistics.Aston University.Archived from the original on September 27 2010.,3 https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_linguistics#Discourse_analysis,obtained on October 11th,2017.,4 How does forensic