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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)分析,1.,關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),(1),小國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),(2),大國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),最適關(guān)稅,(1),關(guān)稅與提供曲線及經(jīng)濟(jì)福利,(2),最適關(guān)稅,(3),關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù),關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),價(jià)格效應(yīng),(Price Effect),貿(mào)易條件效應(yīng),(Terms of Trade Effect),國(guó)內(nèi)效應(yīng),A.,消費(fèi)效應(yīng),(Consumption Effect),B.,生產(chǎn)效應(yīng),(Production Effect),C.,貿(mào)易效應(yīng),(Trade Effect),D.,財(cái)政效應(yīng),(Revenue Ef
2、fect),E.,再分配效應(yīng)與國(guó)民凈損失,(Income-Redistribution Effect and National Net Loss),關(guān)稅對(duì)進(jìn)口國(guó)價(jià)格的影響,數(shù)量,Q,價(jià)格,P,P,1,P,b,P,0,t,Q,Q,P,b,=P,1,+t,S,X,D,X,小國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),數(shù)量,Q,價(jià)格,P,國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格,D,S,d,c,a,b,D,0,Q,0,S,1,S,0,D,1,0,R,A,H,G,P,0,P,P,=,P+t,B,貿(mào)易效應(yīng),BN+CM,財(cái)政效應(yīng),MJHN,C,M,N,J,福利凈損失,=,b+d,消費(fèi)者剩余,-,Consumers Surplus,Z,W,L,H,Q,G,
3、B,K,A,N,Px,(,),X,5,3,2,0,1,70,50,30,10,Dx,R,E,消費(fèi)者剩余減少,=,a+b+c+d,=GABH,生產(chǎn)者剩余,-Producers Surplus,Sx,Px,(,),X,4,3,2,0,40,30,10,20,G,J,C,1,A,U,V,生產(chǎn)者剩余增加,=a,=ACJG,大國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),大國(guó)與小國(guó)征收關(guān)稅的最主要的差異在于大國(guó)征收關(guān)稅可以影響貿(mào)易條件。,數(shù)量,Q,價(jià)格,P,S,H+F,D,S,H,e,d,c,a,b,D,1,S,1,S,2,D,2,0,R,E,P,e,P,w,H,S,H+F+T,H,P,h,P,w,生產(chǎn)者剩余增加,=a,消費(fèi)者
4、剩余減少,=,a+b+c+d,關(guān)稅收入,=c,凈損失,=,b+d,大國(guó)政府間接,關(guān)稅收入,=e,大國(guó)凈損失,=e (,b+d,),T=P,h,P,w+,P,w,P,w,最適關(guān)稅,是指能使一國(guó),福利水平,達(dá)到最大的關(guān)稅稅率。,征稅不能改善貿(mào)易條件,只能使貿(mào)易量下降,因而其福利水平下降,所以小國(guó)的最適關(guān)稅為零;,大國(guó),小國(guó),由于大國(guó)征收關(guān)稅能改善貿(mào)易條件,因而提高其福利水平,故只有大國(guó)存在最適關(guān)稅。,最適關(guān)稅,(Optimum Tariff),福利水平,貿(mào)易量,貿(mào)易條件,關(guān)稅與提供曲線及經(jīng)濟(jì)福利,-A,、,小國(guó)情形,CIC,P,W,=(I),0,Y,X,CIC,B,D,II,II,E,E,P,W,=(I),國(guó),I,貿(mào)易條件不變,國(guó),I,貿(mào)易量下降,E,E,CIC,CIC,國(guó),II,社會(huì)福利水平下降,關(guān)稅與提供曲線及經(jīng)濟(jì)福利,-B,、,大國(guó)情形,P,W,I,CIC,II,P,W,0,Y,X,II,E,A,H,H,D,B,E,CIC,P,W,P,W,國(guó),II,貿(mào)易條件改善,CIC,CIC,國(guó),II,社會(huì)福利水平上升,CE,BE,國(guó),II,貿(mào)易量下降,C,I,P,W,最適關(guān)稅與關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù),關(guān)稅增至最適關(guān)稅時(shí),福利達(dá)到最大。,大國(guó)的最適關(guān)稅位于自由貿(mào)易和禁止性關(guān)稅之間;,關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù),貿(mào)易伙伴國(guó)也對(duì)其進(jìn)口商品征收最適關(guān)稅。,I,X,0,Y,II,P,W,P,W,E,E,II,E,