《心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展(33頁珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,提 綱,一、發(fā)病機(jī)制及其藥品治療靶點(diǎn),二、,A,、,B,期治療,三、,C,期心力衰竭血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定階段治療,四、,C,期心力衰竭血流動(dòng)力學(xué)惡化階段治療,五,D,期心力衰竭治療,六、,ESC,指南與,FACC/AHA,指南藥品治療流程
2、比較,七、,射血分?jǐn)?shù)保留性心力衰竭,(HFpEF),當(dāng)前缺乏針對(duì)性治療,八,、,ESC,、,-6-5 FACC/AHA,心力衰竭治療指南亮點(diǎn),心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第1頁,一、發(fā)病機(jī)制及其藥品治療靶點(diǎn),1,、神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌紊亂學(xué)說,2,、負(fù)荷心肌病學(xué)說,3,、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)說,4,、心肌收縮不協(xié)調(diào),5,、心律失常(心動(dòng)過速,起搏心肌?。?6,、腎功效不全、水鈉潴留,7,、,EF,值保持心力衰竭(,HFpEF,),心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第2頁,1,、內(nèi)分泌紊亂學(xué)說,(,1,)、神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌因子及細(xì)胞因子過分激活,-,拮抗,1,),RASS系統(tǒng),ACEI,、,ARB,2,)交感神經(jīng)兒茶酚胺系統(tǒng),-,受體阻
3、滯劑,3,)醛固酮系統(tǒng),醛固酮拮抗劑、醛固酮受體拮抗劑,4,)抗利尿激素,抗利尿激素受體拮抗劑,5,)利尿劑,(,2,)、補(bǔ)充神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌因子之不足?,1,),r-BNP,急性血流動(dòng)力學(xué)紊亂,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第3頁,2,、負(fù)荷心肌病學(xué)說,(,1,)、器官水平心臟重建,當(dāng)前還未發(fā)覺特異性治療靶點(diǎn),拮抗拮抗過分激活神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌因子都能夠改進(jìn)心臟重建;,(,2,)、細(xì)胞水平能量饑餓,1,)當(dāng)前尚無改進(jìn)心肌能量代謝藥品循證醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn),2,)中醫(yī)中藥,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第4頁,3,、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)說,(,1,)收縮力下降,-,強(qiáng)心藥品:,1,)毛地黃,2,)增加,cAMP,類藥品,3,)鈣離子 增敏劑
4、(左西孟旦),(,2,)外周阻力增加,-,擴(kuò)張血管,1,),NO,供給藥品,2,),a-,受體阻滯劑,3,)其它:肼苯噠嗪、,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第5頁,4,、心肌收縮不協(xié)調(diào),當(dāng)前尚無治療藥品,主要是器械治療,CRT,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第6頁,5,、心律失常,心動(dòng)過速,起搏心肌病,-,減慢心率,(,1,),-,受體阻滯劑,(,2,)毛地黃,(,3,)依伐布雷定(,Ivabradine,),心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第7頁,6,、腎功效不全、水鈉潴留,(,1,)利尿劑治療,(,2,)血液濾過治療,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第8頁,七、,EF,值保持心力衰竭(,HFpEF,),機(jī)制還未明確,治療靶點(diǎn)
5、不明,探索之中,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第9頁,二、,A,、,B,期治療,A,期治療:心力衰竭危險(xiǎn)原因治療,B,期治療:心力衰竭危險(xiǎn)原因治療,+,拮抗,RAS,和,-,受體阻滯劑治療,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第10頁,三、,C,期慢性心力衰竭血流動(dòng)力學(xué)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定階段治療,(,1,)、,基礎(chǔ)治療藥品:,對(duì),HFrEF,血流動(dòng)力學(xué)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定階段,而言,,利尿藥、,血管擔(dān)心素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑,(ACEI)、,血管擔(dān)心素受體阻斷劑,(ARB)、,-受體阻滯劑,(Beta Blockers),和地高辛依然是其基礎(chǔ)治療藥品。,作為基礎(chǔ)治療藥品新增加了,醛固酮拮抗劑、醛固酮受體拮抗劑、肼苯酞嗪適用硝酸異山梨醇酯,,這三
6、組藥品可成為心力衰竭藥品治療有益補(bǔ)充。,在無禁忌癥情況下,提倡補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治療,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,),可降低死亡率。,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第11頁,(,2,)其它藥品治療評(píng)價(jià),1,)抗凝血治療適合用于心力衰竭伴各種心房顫動(dòng);,2,)抗凝不作為常規(guī)治療辦法,包含有高血壓、糖尿病、腦卒中、一過性腦缺血發(fā)作病史者。,3,)無適應(yīng)癥時(shí)禁止使用他?。?statin,)。,4,)有待證實(shí)治療,HFrEF,心力衰竭效果藥品包含:營(yíng)養(yǎng)藥品和激素。,5,)對(duì),HFrEF,心力衰竭有害藥品包含:(,I,類)抗心律失常藥品、
7、大多數(shù)鈣拮抗劑(,amlodipine,除外)、非甾體抗炎藥、噻唑烷二酮類等。,6,)除終末期心力衰竭外,不主張靜脈應(yīng)用(非毛地黃類)正性肌力藥品。,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第12頁,(,3.1,)補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治療,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,)證據(jù)爭(zhēng)論,The small treatment effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellInfa
8、rto miocardico-heart failure(GISSI-HF)trial was only detected after covariate adjustment in the statistical analysis andthere was no effect on HF hospitalization.117 The effect of n-3PUFAs after myocardial infarction is uncertain.,(GISSI-HF)trial,證實(shí)僅僅在現(xiàn)變量校正后顯示補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸:,1,)對(duì)心力衰竭有輕度治療作用;,2,)對(duì)心力衰竭住院無影
9、響;,3,)對(duì)心肌梗塞影響尚不能確定。,ESC Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第13頁,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,Class IIa,Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)supplementation is reasonable to use as adjunctive therapy in patients with NYHA class II-IV symptoms and HF,r,EF or HF,p,EF,unless contraindicated,to re
10、duce mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations(539,540).(,Level of Evidence B,),Supplementation with omega-3 PUFA has been evaluated as an adjunctive therapy for cardiovascular diseaseand HF(541).Trials in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease showed that omega-3 PUFAsupplem
11、entation results in a 10%to 20%risk reduction in fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events,在無禁忌癥情況下,提倡補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治療,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,),可降低死亡率。,補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸,能夠使得心血管病事件降低,10%-20%,。,(,3.2,)補(bǔ)充,-3,脂肪酸,(,Omega-3 Fatty Acids,)治療,II-IV,心力衰竭(,HFrEF or HFpEF,)證據(jù)爭(zhēng)論,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第14頁,(
12、,4.1,)關(guān)于,digoxin,應(yīng)用,In patients with symptomatic HF and AF,digoxin may be used to slow a rapid ventricular rate,although other treatments are preferred(see Section 10.1).Digoxin may also be used in patients in sinus rhythm with symptomatic HF and an LVEF 40%as recommended below,based on the evidence
13、 summarized below.113,Digoxin,可用于有癥狀心力衰竭伴心房顫動(dòng),亦可用于有癥狀竇性心律心力衰竭,,EF,小于,40%,者。,ESC Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第15頁,Digoxin can be beneficial in patients with HF,r,EF,unless contraindicated,to decrease hospitalizations for HF(484-491).(,Level of Evidence:B,),對(duì)于,HF,r,EF,,除有禁忌癥外,應(yīng)用,Digoxin,有利于降低患者
14、住院率。,(,4.2,)關(guān)于,digoxin,應(yīng)用,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第16頁,(,5.1,)關(guān)于醛固酮受體拮抗劑(,MRA,)與,ACEI,、,ARB,聯(lián)適用藥爭(zhēng)論,The major risk associated with use of aldosterone receptor antagonists is hyperkalemia due to inhibition of potassium excretion,ranging from 2%to 5%in large clinical trials(425,426,
15、446),to 24%to 36%in population-based registries(479,480).Routine triple combination of an ACE inhibitor,ARB,and aldosteronereceptor antagonist should be avoided.,To minimize the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia in euvolemic patients with HFrEF,patients should have initial serum creatinine 30 mL
16、/min/1.73 m2)without recent worsening and serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L without a history of severe hyperkalemia.,ACCF/AHA Heart Failure Guideline,醛固酮受體拮抗劑最大危險(xiǎn)是高血鉀;,幾個(gè)大臨床試驗(yàn)發(fā)生率為,2%-5%,;,注冊(cè)人群發(fā)生率為,24%-36%,;,應(yīng)該防止,ACEI,、,ARB,和醛固酮受體拮抗劑三聯(lián)應(yīng)用;,適應(yīng)癥:,血鉀,5.0 mEq/L,而且無高血鉀病史,,serum creatinine 30 mL/min/1.73 m2,。,心力衰竭藥物治療進(jìn)展,第17頁,ACEI,與,MRA,聯(lián)用:臨床研究證實(shí),二者聯(lián)合可深入降低慢性心衰患者死亡率,(,類,,A,級(jí),),,又較為安全。在上述,ACEI,和,受體阻滯劑黃金搭檔基礎(chǔ)上加用,MRA,,這種三藥適用可稱之為,“金三角”,,應(yīng)成為慢性,HF-REF,基本治療方案。,(,5.2,)關(guān)于醛固酮受體拮抗劑(,MRA,)與,ACEI,、,ARB,聯(lián)適用藥爭(zhēng)論,中國成人心力衰竭防治指南,注意事