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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)二輪 備考抓分點(diǎn)透析專題8 定語(yǔ)從句 【xx年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】 定語(yǔ)從句也是高考英語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)法，是歷年考查的熱點(diǎn)。xx年高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在：1、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別；2、關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別；3、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；4、定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別。 【重難點(diǎn)突破】 【概述】定語(yǔ)從句是一種作定語(yǔ)用的從句，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞；定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。 ⒈ 定語(yǔ)從句要跟在先行詞的后面。 ⒉ 定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。 ⒊ 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種： 　　關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等 　　關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 等 ⒋ 關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；代替先行詞；在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分。 一、 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的使用： ⒈ 如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose 或that。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的一般用who或that, 作賓語(yǔ)的一般用whom, who或that, 作定語(yǔ)并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose。（在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可省略）關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 （xx四川卷）17．The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays．【B】 A．which B．whose C．when D．where （xx福建卷）24．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to municate freely with each other．【A】 A．which B．where C．what D．who ⒉ 如果修飾事物，用關(guān)系代詞which 和that，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前，則用which (不能省) ，而不用that（關(guān)系代詞that既能代人，又能代物）。whose也可用來指物（此時(shí)可用of which來代替），在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。 （xx全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination．【C】 A．that B．which C．whose D．what （xx江西卷）34．She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years．【C】 A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which 3. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替。 （xx天津卷）10．The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living．【A】 A．when B．that C．where D．which 4. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可用介詞+which來代替。 （xx陜西卷）11．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】 A．which B．where C．who D．that 5. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，常可用for+ which來代替。 　Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?　 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 　 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： 　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。 　 I\ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。 　 判斷改錯(cuò)： 　 （錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 　 （錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 　 （對(duì)） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. 　 （對(duì)） I\ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 　　習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 　 方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? 　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. 　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 　　在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 　　而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。 　　關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)） 。 二、 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，對(duì)先行詞有修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意義將不完整或失去意義；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不太密切，只對(duì)先行詞有附加說明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整；限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開，修飾的先行詞可是名詞，名詞詞組或代詞；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開，可修飾主句的某一個(gè)詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子。另外，在關(guān)系詞的使用上：限制性定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略；限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可用that，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不可使用that。 （xx浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】 A．which B．what C．them D．those （xx湖南卷）25．Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】 A．who B．whom C．which D．that （xx重慶）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】 A. where B. which C. whose D. that （10全國(guó)Ⅱ）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】 A. who B. that C. as D. what 定語(yǔ)從句的常見考點(diǎn)： ⒈ one of + the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞　后面定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)情況： 跟定語(yǔ)從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致，通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面有the only之類的限定語(yǔ)，后面定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式。 This is one of the books that are required for study at school. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. ⒉ 定語(yǔ)從句中用that而不用which的情況： 1）、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。 We should do all that is useful to the people. 2）、先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, much等詞修飾時(shí)。 I have read all the books that you gave me.　。 3）、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.　 4）、先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。 This is the very book that I want to find.　 5）、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday. 6）、主句是以who 或which 開頭的疑問句時(shí)。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 7）、關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.　 ⒊ 定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不用that 的情況： 1）、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。 Is this the room in which he lives?　 2）、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。 （xx浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．【A】 A．which B．what C．them D．those 3）、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English. 在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.　　 給你看看我從新開放的圖書館借來的一本小說。 ⒋ 關(guān)系代詞as 和which的選用： 在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面；在意義上，as定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如…，就象…”，而which定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。 The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty. He was late again, as we had expected.　　他又遲到了，正如我們所料。 另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)不能用which代替。(這種定語(yǔ)從句常采用省略形式) I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我從來沒見過你這樣懶的人。 Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　這個(gè)大石塊太大沒人能把它舉起來。 ⒌ 先行詞為situation、case、occasion、point時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出這個(gè)單詞使用的場(chǎng)合嗎 You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已經(jīng)發(fā)展到非改不可的地步了。 ⒍ 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的性、數(shù)保持一致。 （xx山東卷）32．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other．【D】 A．they B．where C．what D．that ⒎ 定語(yǔ)從句中不要重復(fù)了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的部分。 誤：This is the place that I have visited it.　 這就是我參觀過的那個(gè)地方。 應(yīng)去掉it, 因that 代替先行詞the place 在定語(yǔ)從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，再加it就是多余的了。 ⒏ 定語(yǔ)從句中不要加多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。 誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing. 應(yīng)刪去關(guān)系副詞where, 因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which, 否則介詞in就重復(fù)了?；虮Ａ魒here, 刪去從句里的in. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。 2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語(yǔ)的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略) 3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時(shí)可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞 4. +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語(yǔ)化)注：這類“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒有，也不能放在句末。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in. 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞省略的6種情形關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。 一、關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰(shuí)? 二、關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中國(guó)已不是過去的中國(guó)了。(that作表語(yǔ)) 三、關(guān)系代詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)的省略當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足時(shí)，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)瘋子。(that作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) 四、關(guān)系副詞when的省略用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)也可換成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國(guó)了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見面的那一天。 五、關(guān)系副詞where的省略用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個(gè)什么地方可以讓我躺一個(gè)小時(shí)？ 六、關(guān)系副詞why的省略關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且通?？蓳Q成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 這就是他來的原因。 Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 給我舉出一個(gè)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。 定語(yǔ)從句的考查 一、疑問句中考查定語(yǔ)從句 1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？ A. where　　B. the one　C. on which　　D. / 【解析】答案是D。經(jīng)常利用疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰(shuí)是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，最后確定正確答案。 二、倒裝句中考查定語(yǔ)從句 2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower. A. which　　B. that　　C. /　　D. where 【解析】正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語(yǔ)序。倒裝的使用使定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對(duì)于使用倒裝語(yǔ)序的定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語(yǔ)序還原成正常語(yǔ)序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。 三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配 3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food. A. of which　　B. where　　C. to do　　D. that 4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？ A. which　　B. on which　　C. when　　D. where 【解析】正確答案分別是D和A。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of， play a part （in）。 四、添加插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) 5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance. A. that　　B. /　　C. which　　D. why 【解析】應(yīng)選擇C。這類句子主要利用插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語(yǔ)有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時(shí)，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。 五、插入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________ the radio for me？ A. who；repaired　　B. that；repaired C. whom；repairing　D. that；repair 【解析】D項(xiàng)正確。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中難度較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，因而在定語(yǔ)從句中加入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對(duì)付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個(gè)句子中的定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me. 典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請(qǐng)做以下類例題目（答案均為C）： （1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are （2） The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are （3） Next month well move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?" A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。 【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近"；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？ 3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)。 【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。比較下面一題： _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的 that 從句。 再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D： （1） ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It （2） ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such ... that ...句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。 【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch ... that ... （如此......以至......）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him： David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}（答案選D）： It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses. 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D： （1） His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which （2） Ashdown forest, through _______ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer. A. that B. it C. them D. which （3） This I did at nine oclock, after _______ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. it C. them D. which 類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them： （4） George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that B. him C. them D. whom （5） Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will e back home this summer. A. that B. who C. them D. whom （6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom 6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students. 【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。假若在many of... 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題（答案均選A）： （1） He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer. A. which B. them C. what D. that （2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer. A. them B. which C. what D. that （3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. whom B. them C. which D. who （4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. them B. whom C. which D. who 7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.比較： （1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過去分詞。 （2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were. （3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。 8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 【分析】最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題： （1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 選B. whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語(yǔ) were seated. （2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 選A.因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。 （3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 選A. their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 （4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 選B. whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) sat. （5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 選B. whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) were sitting. 9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語(yǔ)從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語(yǔ)。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which： （1） If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK. A. as B. which C. and it D. that （2） If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15. A. as B. which C. what D. that （3） Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so （4） When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that 10. She says that shell never forget the time ________ shes spent working as a secretary in our pany. A. which B. when C. how D. where 【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where. 【分析】正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以選關(guān)系副詞when： She says that shell never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our pany. A. which B. when C. how D. where 請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題（答案均選A）： （1） Our pany will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month. A. which B. when C. how D. where 選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語(yǔ)。 （2） Our pany will move to a tall building _______ has just been plete. A. which B. when C. how D. where 選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)。 （3） Our pany will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago. A. where B. when C. that D. which 選A，where 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)。 【高考真題剖析】 （xx江蘇卷）24．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream． A．When B．Where C．that D．which 答案【A】考查定語(yǔ)從句。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句____ the audience can buy ice-cream．中不缺少成分，先行詞an interval表時(shí)間，所以選擇A。 （xx浙江卷）8．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently ． A．which B．what C．them D．those 答案【A】考查定語(yǔ)從句。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句each of____ uses it somewhat differently ．中介詞of后缺少賓語(yǔ)。所以選擇A。 （xx重慶）28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 答案【C】考查定語(yǔ)從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國(guó)，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識(shí)到。所以選擇C。 （10福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 24. 答案：B 考點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句 解析：先行詞為planet，表示地點(diǎn)，故用where。 （10湖南） 28. Ive bee good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 28. 答案：A 考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。 解析：該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示人的先行詞the students，且在從句中作met的賓語(yǔ)，故選關(guān)系代詞who，即A項(xiàng)。 （10江西） 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what 答案：A 考點(diǎn)：考察定語(yǔ)從句。 解析：先行詞為centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ), 故要填狀語(yǔ), 表地點(diǎn)用where。 （10山東）24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What 答案：C 考點(diǎn)：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 解析：句意應(yīng)為“那就是那臺(tái)零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機(jī)器?！笨崭裉幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中作定語(yǔ)使用，所以使用whose。 38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 答案：C 考點(diǎn)：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句 解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that we may return to in th