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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習 模塊七第二單元教案 牛津版 historian n. 歷史學(xué)家 recipe n. 處方；食譜，菜譜 physician n. 醫(yī)生，內(nèi)科醫(yī)師 bark n. 樹皮；（狗）叫，吠 vi. （狗）叫，吠 chemist n. 藥劑師；化學(xué)家 trial n. 試用；試驗；考驗 tablet n. 藥片；寫字板，書寫板 standardize vt. 使符合標準，使標準化 best-selling adj. 暢銷的 painkiller n. 止痛藥，鎮(zhèn)痛劑 author n. 作者 heart attack 心臟病發(fā)作 thin vt. & vi. （使）變稀，（使）變薄，（使）變淡；（使）變細 block vt. 阻塞，阻擋，使不通；妨礙 length n. 長度 contemporary adj. 當代的；同時代的 Scottish adj. 蘇格蘭的 note vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)，注意到；記錄 transparent adj. 透明的 application n. 應(yīng)用，運用；申請 name vt. 命名，給……取名 unable adj. 不能的，不會的 chemical adj. 化學(xué)的 purify vt. 使純凈，凈化，提純 quantity n. 量，數(shù)量 mass adj. 批量的，大量的，大規(guī)模的；群眾的，民眾的 n. 團，塊，堆；較大部分，主體部分；體積，大小，群眾，人群 widespread adj. 普遍的，普及的，廣泛的 lung n. 肺 rapidly adv. 迅速地，快速地 powerful adj. 效力大的，強效的 wonder adj. 非凡的，奇妙的，奇特的，神奇的 n. 奇跡，神奇；奇觀；驚奇，驚訝 millions of 數(shù)百萬的，大量的 relief n. 減輕，緩解；輕松，寬慰；救濟，救助 potential adj. 潛在的，可能的 fundamental adj. 基礎(chǔ)的，根本的；重要的，至關(guān)重要的 enquiry n. 詢問，咨詢 ward n. 病房 handful n. 少數(shù)，少量；一把 annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 arrangement n. 安排；排列 receptionist n. 接待員，招待員 pleasure n. 愉快，快樂；樂事 eyesight n. 視力 adjustable adj. 可調(diào)節(jié)的 magic adj. 有魔力的，不可思議的，魔術(shù)的 needle n. 針 art n. 技藝，技術(shù) sharp-edged adj. 有鋒利邊緣的 swollen adj. 腫脹的 arrowhead n. 箭頭；箭頭狀物 sharp adj. 鋒利的，銳利的；尖的；突然的，急轉(zhuǎn)向的；尖刻的，辛辣的；靈敏的，敏銳的 fine adj. 細的，纖細的 point n. 點，位置；尖端；要點；分數(shù) insert vt. 插入；嵌入 symptom n. 癥狀 function n. 功能，作用 heartbeat n. 心跳 addiction n. 上癮，沉溺，入迷 overeating n. 過量飲食 relieve vt. 減輕（病痛、憂慮、負擔等），緩解；救濟，救助 unclear adj. 不清楚的 課文出現(xiàn)短語 1. keep us healthy 2. open up 3. carry out 4. give up 5. e true 6. figure out 7. go wrong 8. put off 9. put up with 10. make out 11. call back 12. look out for 13. at certain points 14. find out 15. if so 16. remend doing 17. in contemporary society 18. in large quantities 19. trun into 20. be fundamental to (doing) 21. a disease called malaria 22. look into 23. look down upon 24. put through 25. e up 26. remind sb to do 27. be based on 28. block from doing 29. focus on 30. reduce the risk of 31. try out 32. due to 33. in addition to 34. have an influence on 35. leave behind 36. ask for 37. set up 38. put off 39. take measures to do 40. let … out of 41. be connected with 一．單詞應(yīng)用 根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語意思填寫正確單詞，注意形式變化。 1. A p____________ is a person who has general skills to treat physical problems. 2. Penicillin was d___________ in the mould that grew on a special transparent jelly. 3. He is the a__________ whose books are best-selling this year. 4. Stoke is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain b_________ suddenly or are b___________. 5. Aspirin can reduce the risk of heart attacks by t__________ blood. 6. He tried to apply for the patent. But his a___________ was not accepted at all. 7. Overeating makes him ___________ (不能) to live a normal life. 8. In 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a t__________ __________ (含有) 500mg of ASA. 9. His report was ___________ (忽視) at first but later was i__________(證實) very powerful in this field. 10. They realized there was some __________ (潛在的) danger behind the case. 11. There is a high _____________ (可能性) that the murderer just hid in the hill. 12. I’ll put you through to the ______________ (接待員) and she can take down your __________ (詳情). 二．詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 1. history n.---______ (adj.)---____(n. 人) 2. standard n.--_________ (vt.) 3. able adj.---_________ (反) 4. purify v.--_______(n.)---_______ (adj.) 5. relief n.---_______ (v.) 6. enquire v.---_________ (n.) 7. annual adj. ---________(adv.) 8. adjust v.---__________ (adj.) 9. addiction n. ---________(adj.) 10. surgical adj.---_______ (n.) 三．選詞填空 try out, turn up, e true, die for, pick up , clear up , go through, focus on, result in, decide on 1. She ________ some dumplings in the restaurant on her way home. 2. Jerry _______ many difficulties, but finished university in the end. 3. Don’t leave your room in a mess,_____ your things before you leave, 4. The national hero _______ the cause of freedom. 5. I’m so tired that I can’t _________ anything. 6. In 1965, Aleksei Lennov, a Russian, made the dreams of many people_______ by being the first astronaut to walk in outer space. 7.The drug has not been _______ on humans yet, so it cannot be put on the market. 8. Mr. Wang failed to _______ at his daughter’s birthday party, greatly disappointing her. 9.His success in the examination _______ him being able to enter university. 10. Finally, she_______ a pink dress. 四．句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (P18) 倘若你打開世界上任何一個藥柜,都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。 open up phrasal verb [M] 1) to show sth. that was hidden or not previously known: The security council debate could open up sharp differences between the countries. 2) to improve a situation by making it less limited: The government has announced plans to open up access to higher education. 3) to make a space larger or less enclosed: Were going to open up our kitchen by knocking down a couple of walls. 4) to open the lock on the door of a building: The caretaker opens up the school every morning at seven 5) to do a medical operation on someone to see inside their body: When they opened her up, they couldnt find anything wrong with her. 6) to start to talk more about yourself and your feelings: Ive never opened up to anyone like I do to you. probability n. [C or U] the likelihood of sth. happening or being true: What is the probability of winning? The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten. Theres a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very likely that) shell be here. Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has bee a real probability (= it is likely that it will happen). probable adj. likely to be true or likely to happen: The probable cause of death was heart failure. [+ that] It is probable that share prices will fall still further. 注意比較： probable: adj. 很可能的，與likely意思相近，有時可以互換；possible的語氣稍弱。他們各自的句型如下： It’s probable/possible for sb. to do sth. It’s probable/possible that… It’s likely that… sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 2. … but in fact, 3,500 years ago, some recipes remended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (P18) 但事實上,早在3,500年前就有一些藥方建議人們飲用一種由特殊植物的干葉制成的茶來減輕身體的病痛。 remend v. [T] to suggest that someone or sth. would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done: I can remend the chicken in mushroom sauce - its delicious. She has been remended for promotion. The headmistress agreed to remend the teachers proposals to the school governors. [+ (that)] The doctor remended (that) I take more exercise. [+ ing form of verb] I remend writing your feelings down on paper. remended adj. It is dangerous to take more than the remended dose of this medicine. She is a highly remended architect. remendation n.1) [C or U] a suggestion that sth. is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job: I bought this puter on Johns remendation (= because John told me that it was good). I got the job on Sams remendation (= because she told her employers that I was suitable for the job). 2) [C] advice telling someone what the best thing to do is: [+ that] The report makes the remendation that no more prisons should be built. make…from… to produce sth., often using a particular substance or material: Butter is made out of/from milk. 相關(guān)短語: make…of…/be made of… Earrings are made of gold make…into…/be made from Wood can be made into tables. make up/be made up of… Eleven players make up the football team. The football team is made up of eleven players. 3. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the pany Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (P18) 1899年, 該藥品第一次進行實驗, 當時, 霍夫曼供職的公司開始將該藥以粉末形式提供給醫(yī)師, 讓他們用于病人。 trial n. [C or U] 1) a test, usually over a limited period of time, to discover how effective or suitable sth. or someone is: Theyre doing clinical trials on a new drug. Theyve employed her for a six-month trial (period). MAINLY UK You can buy any of their garden equipment on trial/US USUALLY on a trial basis, and if you dont like it you can give it back. 2) the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a court of law to judge whether a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter: Trial by jury is a fundamental right. It was a very plicated trial that went on for months. Shes going on/standing trial for fraud. trial and error n. a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make: Theres no instant way of finding a cure - its just a process of trial and error. take place: to happen: The concert takes place next Thursday. 同義詞辨析: happen：(of a situation or an event) to have existence or e into existence: No one knows exactly what happened but several people have been hurt. Anything could happen in the next half hour. A funny thing happened in the office today. Whats happened to my pen (= Where is it)? I put it down there a few moments ago. to do or be by chance: [+ to infinitive] They happened to look (= looked by chance) in the right place almost immediately. [+ (that)] Fortunately it happened (that) there was no one in the house at the time of the explosion. occur: to happen: An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane. If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately. occur to sb. phrasal verb If a thought or idea occurs to you, it es into your mind: The thought did occur to me. [+ that] It never even occurred to us that he hadnt been invited. to exist or be present in, among, etc: Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society. Minerals occur naturally in the earths crust in…form=in the form of… The lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight. in any shape or form of any type: Im opposed to war in any shape or form. 4. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of ASA. (P18) 一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片劑在藥店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水楊酸。 contain v. [T not continuous] to have sth. inside or include sth. as a part: How much liquid do you think this bottle contains? Ive lost a file containing a lot of important documents. Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat. The allegations contained in this report are very serious. 注意比較: include v. [T] to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else: The book contains 40 maps, including a map of China. The bill includes tax and service. Tax and service are included in the bill. 5. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. (P18) 美國的一位醫(yī)生勞倫斯克雷文發(fā)表了好幾篇報告，其中1953年的一篇報告提出了阿司匹林可以稀釋血液。 thin adj. (thinner, thinnest) having a small distance between two opposite sides: a thin book thin black lines a thin jacket adj. (thinner, thinnest) (of the body) with little flesh on the bones: Did you notice how thin her wrists were? Thin, hungry dogs roamed the streets. Adj. (thinner, thinnest) (of a liquid) flowing easily: a thin soup v. [T] to make a substance less thick, often by adding a liquid to it: Thin the sauce down with a little stock. 6. … and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. (P18) 1977年，美國的一項研究證明，阿司匹林中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)乙酰水楊酸能預(yù)防中風。中風是由于大腦血管爆裂或梗塞而產(chǎn)生的一種突發(fā)疾病。 block n. [C] 1) a solid straight-sided lump of hard material: a block of wood/ice 2) a group of things bought, dealt with, or considered together: a block of tickets/seats/shares Corporate-hospitality firms make block bookings (= buy large numbers of seats) at big sporting events. 3) a large, usually tall building divided into separate parts for use as offices or homes by several different organizations or people: an office block 4) the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it, or one part of a street like this, especially in a town or city: The museum is just six blocks away. My friend and I live on the same block. 5) a square group of buildings or houses with roads on each side: I took a walk around the block. 6)A block in (= An object blocking) the pipe was preventing the water from ing through. v. [T] to prevent movement through sth., or to prevent sth. from happening or succeeding: A fallen tree is blocking the road. My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me. She was very talented and I felt her parents were blocking her progress. 7. In xx, aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. (P19) 到xx年，阿司匹林已有100年的歷史，然而關(guān)于它如何幫助延長人類壽命方面還有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 length n. 1) [C or U] the measurement of sth. from end to end or along its longest side: The boat is ten metres in length. The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles. She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the garden (= the whole distance along it). 2) [C] a piece of sth. such as string or pipe: a length of rope 3) [C] the amount of time sth. takes: the length of a film/speech/play He is unable to concentrate on his work for any length of time (= for anything more than a short time). keep sb. at arms length to not allow someone to bee too friendly with you: I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arms length. at length 1) for a long time: George went on at great length about his various illnesses. 2) FORMAL If sth. happens at length, it happens after a long period of time: At length, the authorities allowed her to go home. 8. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (P19) 他注意到，帶有細菌的一種特殊的，透明的果子凍上長起了霉。 note v. [T] SLIGHTLY FORMAL 1) to notice sth.: They noted the consumers growing demand for quicker service. [+ (that)] Please note (that) we will be closed on Saturday. [+ question word] Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly. 2) to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it: [+ that] He said the weather was beyond our control, noting that last summer was one of the hottest on record. In the article, she notes several cases of medical inpetence. n. [U] FORMAL importance, or when sth. deserves attention: There was nothing of note in the latest report. noted adj. known by many people, especially because of particular qualities: Summer hill school is noted for its progressive policies. Shes not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person). 9. It was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (P19)直到二戰(zhàn)另外兩個科學(xué)家才設(shè)法使用新的化學(xué)方法來凈化它。 It was not until that… 這是一個not… until…結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句型。 強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was +被強調(diào)部分+that… 高考鏈接 1. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (xx全國II) A. when B. that C. where D. before 2. It was after he got what he had desired _______ he realized it was not so important. (xx遼寧) A. that B. when C. since D. as 答案：1-2 B A 10. He named the chemical found in the mould penicillin and tried to make it pure to be a medicine, but was unable to do that. (P19) 他把霉里的化學(xué)物質(zhì)命名為青霉素并盡力提純該物質(zhì)以便制藥，但沒能做成。 name v. [T] 1) to give someone or sth. a name: [+ two objects] We named our dogs Shandy and Belle. A man named Dennis answered the door. 2) to say what sth. or someones name is: In the first question you had to name three types of monkey. He couldnt name his attacker. n. [C] the word or words that a person, thing or place is known by: "Hi, whats your name?" "My names Diane." Please write your full (= plete) name and address on the form. Whats the name of that mountain in the distance? We finally agreed on the name Luca for our son. The students were listed by name and by country of origin. pure adj. not mixed with anything else: a pure cotton shirt NOTE: The opposite is impure. purify v. [T] to remove bad substances from sth. to make it pure: Plants help to purify the air. One of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood. unable adj. be unable to do sth. to not be able to do sth.: We were unable to contact him at the time. 11. They were able to produce it in large quantities. (P19) 他們能夠大量地生產(chǎn)它。 able adj. be able to do sth. to have the necessary physical strength, mental power, skill, time, money or opportunity to do sth.: Will she be able to cope with the work? Hes never been able to admit to his mistakes. Im sorry that I wasnt able to phone you yesterday. Its so wonderful being able to see the sea from my window. ability (POWER) n. [C or U] the physical or mental power or skill needed to do sth.: Theres no doubting her ability. [+ to infinitive] She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely. Shes a woman of considerable abilities. For reference 1. be able to 不可以和can/could連用，可以和may/might連用； 2. could表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，而was/were able to表示過去發(fā)生的動作。 For example: He could swim at 10 and once he was able to swim across the river. quantity n. [C or U] the amount or number of sth., especially that can be measured or is fixed: Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his possession. We consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night. The (sheer) quantity (= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering. They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in large quantities and cheaply. For reference 表示“許多”的詞或短語如下： (1) 修飾可數(shù)名詞的：many, a great/good many, quite a few, a large/great number of/numbers of, many a (2) 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：much, a great deal of, a large amount of/large amounts of (3) 既可以修飾可數(shù)又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of/large quantities of, a mass of, masses of 高考鏈接 We always keep _______ spare paper, in case we ran out. (xx浙江) A. too much B. a number C. plenty of D. a good many 答案：C 12. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. (P19) 如果沒有青霉素，很多人會死于由細菌引起的疾病。 available adj. able to be obtained, used, or reached: Is this dress available in a larger size? Theres no money available for an office party this year. It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas. [+ to infinitive] Im afraid Im not available to help with the show on the 19th. die v. [I] (dying, died, died) to stop living or existing, either suddenly or slowly: Twelve people died in the accident. She died of/from hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries. It is a brave person who will die for their beliefs. die相關(guān)短語: die from： 死于（外因） die of： 死于（疾病，饑餓，嚴寒等內(nèi)因） die away： （聲音等的）消逝 die down： （火勢，怒氣等的）平息 die out： （風俗習慣，物種等的）滅絕，消失 die off： 相繼死去直至死光 die for：為…而死；渴望得到… For example: The sound of his footsteps gradually died away. It was several minutes before the applause died down. Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. Its a custom which is beginning to die out. His parents died off within a year. I am dying for/to have a drink. 13. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia, an illness that affects the lungs. (P19) 青霉素也用于治療其他的疾病,其中包括肺炎,這是一種侵襲肺部的疾病. affect v. [T] to have an influence on someone or sth., or to cause them to change: Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. The divorce affected every aspect of her life. Its a disease which affe