免費學習資料 囊括小初高九大學科（知識點/練習題/模擬卷/真題卷/學霸筆記）考點12 賓語從句一、教材重點回顧：賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當賓語的句子。賓語從句在中考中是重點考查內容，主要考查知識包括賓語從句的引導詞、賓語從句的語序及賓語從句時態(tài)對應及否定遷移等。1. 賓語從句的引導詞在復合句子中，作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。例如：I want to know whose book this is.我想知道這是誰的書。賓語從句的引導詞有三種：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑問詞what/ when/ where/ who等。例如：He said that he could help me. 他說他能夠幫助我。Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.你媽媽問這個星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告訴我運動會將在什么時候開始嗎？(1) 以that引導的賓語從句：that引導的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當，引導詞that沒有實際意義，不在從句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。Do you think (that) it will rain? 你認為天會下雨嗎？He said (that) he could come on time. 他說他會準時來的。(2) 以whether或if引導的賓語從句：從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問句轉化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。whether和if意為“是否”。Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡這個故事?！咀⒁狻恳韵虑闆r一般只用whether不用if。1) 接帶to的動詞不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去動物園。2)與or not連用時。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否準時來，我說不準。(3) 特殊疑問詞what/ when/ where/ who等引導的賓語從句：此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞，這些引導詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 請問我們得走哪個門？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他沒有告訴我他要在這里呆多長時間。2. 賓語從句的語序由whether/ if和特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時注意相應的助動詞和動詞的變化等。Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告訴我們你爸爸在哪里工作嗎？Did you get home very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他問我是否到家很晚。3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)對應(1) 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句根據(jù)實際情況用各種時態(tài)。例如：My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般將來時）我的老師說他將在一個星期后回來。My teacher says he is watching TV. （現(xiàn)在進行時）我的老師說他正在看電視。My teacher says he has seen the movie. （現(xiàn)在完成時）我的老師說他已經看過這部電影了。(2）如果主句是一般過去時，賓語從句用相應的過去時態(tài)。例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time.（過去進行時）我爸爸說在那個時候他在看電視。My father said the he had already seen the movie. （過去完成時）我爸爸說他已經看過那部電影了?！咀⒁狻咳绻e語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般現(xiàn)在時）我們的老師告訴我們太陽比地球大多了。4. 賓語從句的否定轉移主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，從句的否定一般要轉移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute，will they？ 我認為他們不會等到最后一分鐘，他們會嗎？I dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不會做這樣的事，他會嗎？二、中考考點梳理1、賓語從句的連接詞：賓語從句的連接詞包括that、if/whether (是否)、特殊疑問詞。連接詞 that, (that 只在從句中起連接作用，不在句中充當語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam 我相信她考試及格了?！咀⒁狻?that引導的賓語從句變成被動語態(tài)時，只變主句，不變從句。實際上，我們經常把It is said that .（據(jù)說）；It is known that .（眾所周知）；It is reported that .（據(jù)報告）等當作固定句式來運用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 據(jù)說他來自加拿大。if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當作“是否”講。從句中有 or not 結構時，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch我問他是否吃中飯了。 I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not 我問他是否吃中飯了?！咀⒁狻恳话闱闆r下，if和whether可互換，在口語中多用if， 而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。1). 與 or 連用分別引導兩個從句時，或強調兩方面的選擇, 特別是句中有or not時用whether，不用if。I dont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他們是否會來。2). 在動詞不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否會去。3). 在介詞之后只能用whether引導賓語從句，而If則不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取決于我是否有足夠的時間。4). 賓語從句置于句首表示強調時，用whether，不用if。Whether he is single, I dont know.我不知道他是否單身5). 在某些動詞（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引導賓語從句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虛擬語氣）我們討論過我們是否要關店。 6). 在引導否定概念賓語從句時，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. 他問我是否已經完成了作業(yè) 。 what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I dont understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。我不明白他說的東西。I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。我問他是什么讓他得病了?！咀⒁狻慨斠蓡柎~what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當該句用來作賓語時，語序不需要調整。 Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the matter? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him他怎么了? We want to know what has happened to him. who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for.我知道她在找誰。whose 如： I want to know whose book this is.我想知道這是誰的書which 如： Do you know which book is mine?你知道哪本書是我的嗎？在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞，how 它的應用最廣，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： Can you tell me how much does it cost? 你能告訴我它多少錢嗎？when 它只是連接時間狀語，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? 請告訴我會議什么時候開始。where 它連接地點狀語，如： Could you please tell us where are you from?你能告訴我們你來自哪里嗎？ why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 老師問Tom為什么沒有來學校上課？2、賓語從句的語序:A.賓語從句的連接詞后加陳述語序(主語在前,謂語在后)。例如: I want to know if he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能來。B.當連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時，后面直接加謂語動詞。例如: She asked me who had helped him.她問我誰幫助了他。3、賓語從句的時態(tài)，只要記住以下口訣即可:“主現(xiàn)則從任,主過則從過，客觀真理一般現(xiàn)"A.主現(xiàn)則從任:主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，則從句根據(jù)時間狀語需要從八種時態(tài)中任選一種。例如: 1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.他告訴我他去年在英國學習英語。B.主過則從過:主句如果是一般過去時，則從句根據(jù)時間狀語需要從四種帶“過”字的時態(tài)中任選一種，帶“過”字的時態(tài)分別是：一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。例如: He told me that he liked playing football.他告訴我他喜歡踢足球。C.客觀真理一般現(xiàn):客觀真理永遠用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如: He said the moon goes around the earth.他說月亮繞著地球轉。1、 典例分類1. .Youve no idea _ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. Thats billions of dollars!A. how much it will cost.B. how long it will take usC. how much will it costD. how long will it take us【答案】 A【解析】句意：你不知道建一個新機場要花多少錢。讓我告訴你，年輕人。那是數(shù)十億美元！本題考查同位語從句。同位語從句要用陳述句的語序，因此排除C/D；根據(jù)Thats billions of dollars! 那是數(shù)十億美元！可知，上文應該問的是建一個新機場要花多少錢。而不是多長時間。故選A。2.Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?I dont think _.A. if it comes trueB. that it will come trueC. why it will come trueD. how does it come true【答案】B【解析】句意：你認為人類能在火星上生活嗎？我認為這是不能實現(xiàn)的。if it comes true它是否是真的；that it will come true它會成真的；why it will come true它為什么會成真；how does it come true它是怎樣成真的。根據(jù)對話的意思可知，這里應表示說話人對這個問題的觀點，A、C和D意思不對，賓語從句的引導詞應該用that，故選B。3. .In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask _ .A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous forC. whether is summer a good time to comeD. whether summer is a good time to come【答案】 B【解析】句意：為了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫給我發(fā)電子郵件，問昆明最有名的是什么。賓語從句要用陳述語序，排除選項AC；結合句意"為了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫給我發(fā)電子郵件，問昆明最有名的是什么"可知，主句是一般過去時，賓語從句要用過去時，選項D時態(tài)不對，也語意不通。故選B。4. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave BeijingD. when they would leave Beijing【答案】 C【解析】根據(jù)句意：你能告訴我他們什么時候離開北京嗎？可知考查賓語從句，用陳述語序，故排除A 、B；主句中的could表示語氣的委婉，不是過去時，故從句用一般將來時。故選C。5. .Linda, could you remember _?Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?A. where are we going after examB. where we are going after the examC. where are we going to after the examD. where we are going to after the exam【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意：琳達，你還記得考試后我們要去哪里嗎？你忘了我們答應去香港了嗎？考查賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除 A、C；where不跟介詞連用。排除D。故選B。6. .I don t know _ we will go. Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. WhereB. WhenC. how【答案】 A【解析】句意：我不知道我們將去哪里？為什么不知道？我們將去海灘野餐。結合will go to the beach for a picnic，可知問的是地點. A. 哪里；B. 什么時間；C. 如何。選項A符合題意，故選A。7. .She was so angry at _ he was doing _ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她對他所做的事很生氣，以至于她一言不發(fā)地走了出去。第一空考查what引導的賓語從句；第二空考查sothat如此以至于。故選A。8. .Can you tell me _ on Fathers Day?Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shopB. where you goC. what you did【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)句意：你能告訴我在父親節(jié)你做什么嗎？猜猜是什么？我給我爸爸寫了一首詩?？芍疾橘e語從句，用陳述語序，故排除 A；結合 I wrote a poem for my dad，可知連詞是what。 故選C。9. .Could you please tell me _ mooncakes traditionally in China, Li Hua?During the Mid-autumn Festival. A. when people ate B. when people eat C. when do people eat【答案】 B【解析】根據(jù)句意：你能告訴我人們什么時候吃中國傳統(tǒng)的月餅嗎，李華？在中秋節(jié)期間?？芍疾橘e語從句，用陳述語序，故排除C；從句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。 故選B。10. 【2019 海南省中考】Sandy, do you know _?Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching forB. what is Tom searching forC. who Tom is searching for【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意：桑迪，你知道Tom正在找什么嗎？知道。關于黑洞的一些新聞。可知考查賓語從句，用陳述語序，故排除B；結合Some news about black holes，可知連詞是what。故選A。二、易混易錯點撥1.（江蘇省無錫2017中考）No one doubted _ the Germans _ win the 2018World Cup again. A. if; can B. whether; could C. that; could D. that; can【答案】C 【解析】句意：沒有人懷疑德國人再一次贏得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式，后面接的賓語從句用問句；doubt是否定形式時，后面接的賓語從句用陳述句。根據(jù)No one作主語，故表示沒有人懷疑，這是doubt的否定形式，故后面用that引導的陳述句作賓語從句。doubted是一般過去時，故后面接的賓語從句的謂語用過去式，故為could，故選C。2.Hi, Amy, you live on Center Street. Can you tell me _? Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home. A. where it is B. how I can get there C. if there is a restaurant on it【答案】C 【解析】句意：你好，艾米，你住在中心大街。你能告訴我在那條大街上是否有一家餐館嗎？當然可以。那里有一家叫外婆家的餐館。where it is 它在哪里；how I can get there我如何到達那里；if there is a restaurant on it在那條大街上是否有一家餐館。根據(jù)Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home.可知此處詢問那里是否有餐館。故選C。3.Excuse me, I wonder _. Yes, its near the bookstore. A. where we will go for the holiday B. if there is a lost and found office C. when she will give a call D. how we can go to Hong Kong【答案】B【解析】句意：打擾一下，我想知道是否有失物招領處？有，它在書店附近。A. where we will go for the holiday我們將要去哪里度假；B. if there is a lost and found office是否有失物招領處；C. when she will give a call她將什么時間打電話；D. how we can go to Hong Kong我們怎么去香港。根據(jù)回答，故選B。4. .He asked me _.A. if I would go skating with himB. when did I buy the CDC. that I had a good time【答案】 A【解析】句意：他問我 _。A. if I would go skating with him是否愿意和他一起去滑冰。B. when did I buy the CD我什么時候買CD；C. that I had a good time我過得好。從He asked me知本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，可排除B選項；asked后的賓語從句是由疑問句轉化來的，所以選項C的關系詞不對，可排除，故正確選項是A。5. .Is this the new dictionary _ you got yesterday?Yes. Now its very convenient for me to look up words.A. that B. why C. what【答案】A【解析】句意：這是你昨天買的新的字典嗎？是的，現(xiàn)在對于我來說記單詞是非常方便的。A. that那個；B. why為什么；C. what什么。這里是what引導的賓語從句。根據(jù)題意，故選A。6. .Do you think _ at home on computer in the future?Yes, I think they neednt go to school.A. kids will studyB. did kids studyC. kids studiedD. will kids study【答案】A【解析】句意：你認為孩子們在將來會在家里在電腦上學習嗎？會的，我認為他們不需要去學校。本題考查賓語從句，賓語從句用陳述句語序，排除B和D，且根據(jù)in the future可知，用一般將來時，故選A。7. .I want to know if he _ back tomorrow. Ill call you as soon as _. A. will come; will return B. will come; returns C. comes; will return【答案】B 【解析】句意：我想知道他明天是否回來。他一回來我就打電話給你。分析句子得知，在I want to know if he _back tomorrow中，if引導的賓語從句，意思是是否而不是如果，時態(tài)不遵循主將從現(xiàn)，根據(jù)后文tomorrow，故用一般將來時態(tài)will come，下文中as soon as 表示一就，它引導的時間狀語從句，主句是一般將來時，as soon as 引導的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，結合句意和語境可知選B。 8.I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White _ to his hometown next Tuesday. Im not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, Ill _ him off. A. return；see B. will return；see C. will return；will see【答案】B 【解析】句意：不知我們的外籍教師懷特先生下星期二是否回家鄉(xiāng)。我不確定。但是如果他回家鄉(xiāng)，我會送他。連詞if有兩種用法，一是引導賓語從句，意思是是否，當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可為需要的任意時態(tài)；二是引導條件狀語從句，意思是如果，時態(tài)遵循主將從現(xiàn)。故選B。9.Excuse me. Could you please tell me _? Sure. Go along this street and turn left. Its on your right. A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when can I get to the bookstore C. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore【答案】C 【解析】句意：打擾一下，你能告訴我怎樣到達書店嗎？當然可以。沿著這條街走，然后向左拐，就在你的右手邊。賓語從句應該用陳述句語序，所以排除B、D；根據(jù)回答Go along this street and turn left.可知在問路，故選C。10.The project is so difficult for your cousin. Yes, I am wondering _. A. that he will finish it on time. B. how could I help him out C. whether he can finish it by himself D. if can I do anything for him【答案】C 【解析】句意：這個項目對于你的表哥來說太難了。是的，我正在想他能否按時獨自完成這個項目。am wondering可知，后面的賓語從句不能用that來引導。故排除A；賓語從句的語序應該是陳述語序，排除B、D，故選C。1. Nobody knows _ to visit our school. A. when will he come B. when does he come C. when he will come D. when he does come【答案】 C 【解析】句意：沒有人知道他何時來參觀我們的學校。根據(jù)題意可知這里是when引導的賓語從句，要用陳述語序，根據(jù)題意可知是一般將來時，其結構是will+動詞的原形。故選C。2. You should stick to _ you have begun. A. whenever B. no matter what C. since D. whatever【答案】 D 【解析】句意：你應該堅持你已經開始的東西。A.無論何時；B.無論什么；C.自從；D.無論什么。no matter+疑問詞引導讓步狀語從句；疑問詞+ever既可引導讓步狀語從句也可以引導名詞性從句。故選D。3. You have spent too much time playing computer games. Thats _ your eyes hurt. A. why B. how C. what D. when【答案】 A 【解析】句意：你花費太多的時間玩電腦游戲，那就是你的眼睛疼痛的原因。why為什么；how怎樣，如何；what什么；when什么時候。根據(jù)句意You have spent too much time playing computer games是your eyes hurt的原因，故應選A。4. The teacher asked us _. A. when did I finish my work B. why didnt we tell him about it earlier C. what we were interested in D. where we are going to have our lunch【答案】 C 【解析】本題考查賓語從句。賓語從句應用陳述語序。故首先排除A、B，又因為主句為過去式，應排除D項，故選C。5. Jack, could you tell me _? Sure. In the post office on Green Road. A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps【答案】 A 【解析】句意：杰克，請你告訴我你在哪里買到這些郵票的？當然。在格林路的郵局?？疾橘e語從句的用法，從句要用陳述語序，同時，結合答語體現(xiàn)詢問地點，因此引導詞用where，故選 A。6. Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party? Well, I dont know _. A. that I can finish my work by then B. if can I finish the work by then C. whether I can finish the work by then D. that can I finish the work by then【答案】 C 【解析】句意：你能抽出時間來參加我們的感恩節(jié)聚會嗎？哦，我不知道到那時我是否能完成這項工作。此題考查賓語從句，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。根據(jù)句意，故選C。7. I hope you do not mind my asking, but I wonder _ it may be possible for me to share the room with you. A. that B. if C. which D. how【答案】B 【解析】句意：我希望你不要介意我問，但是我想知道我是否有可能和你分享一個房間。這是一個if引導的賓語從句；A. that 引導賓語從句，它本身無意義；B. if引導賓語從句，是否；C. which引導賓語從句，哪一個；D. how引導賓語從句，怎樣。故選B。8. Im not sure _ the highway will close soon. Lets set off earlier. A. whether B. when C. how D. why【答案】 A 【解析】句意：我不確定高速公路是否會很快關閉，讓我們早些動身吧。A. whether是否；B. when 什么時候；C. how如何；D. why為什么。soon不久，很快，表示時間，因此句子不能再用when來引導，結合句意可知，答案為A。9. David asked me _. A. if I will be free that day B. whether or not I would be free that day C. where do I come from D. when will I leave here【答案】 B 【解析】句意：大衛(wèi)問我那天是否有空?？疾橘e語從句的時態(tài)和語序。賓語從句要用陳述語序，首先可以排除C、D選項；asked為ask的過去式，當主句是一般過去時，賓語從句要用過去時態(tài)的某種形式（客觀事實和真理除外），這樣A選項也不符合題意，答案為B。10. Could you please tell me _? Yes, sure. A. if there is a bookshop near here B. where can I buy a stamp C. when will the next bus arrive D. you like to eat what【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能告訴我這里附近是否有一個書店嗎？是的，當然可以。根據(jù)Could you please tell me可知，本題是考查賓語從句，賓語從句中一般為陳述語序。選項B、C是疑問語序，所以排除掉；D項的疑問代詞應該位于句首，也排除掉；再根據(jù)回答Yes，sure. 可知賓語從句含有疑問的語氣，所以應用if來引導，故答案選A。11. Im not sure _ there are living things on other planets or not. Even scientists arent sure about it. A. whether B. where C. why D. that【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不確定在其他的星球中是否有生物。甚至科學家都不能確定這件事。A. whether是否；B. where在哪；C. why為什么；D. that作引導詞時無意義。根據(jù)下文Even scientists arent sure about it.可知這里是說是否，用whether引導，故選A。三好網中高級教師1對1，在線輔導，真師可靠！官方網站：資料來源于網絡，版權歸原作者所有,不得商業(yè)轉載；如有疑義請?zhí)砑游⑿盘杁d2247443566，感謝支持！