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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習《特殊句式》教案 新人教版 熱點考向一　強調句 1. 強調句的基本句型 It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分 (1)強調人時可用who/that來連接，強調事物時用that。 所強調的可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句，但結構必須完整。被強調的成分可以是主語、賓語和狀語，但不能是定語或謂語。 It is I who/that am right.(強調主語) 我才是對的。 It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(強調賓語) 我們在學校門口遇到的是他。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work.(強調狀語) 她之所以沒來上班，是因為她母親病了。 2.強調句的特殊句式 強調句的特殊句式 結構構成 一般疑問句 Is/Was it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？ not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not...＋that...，but.../It is not...but...that... Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天給我打電話是什么時候？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做什么？ I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨鏡我才認出她是著名影星。 He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. 他昨晚直到十一點才睡覺。 →It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. 3.用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。 Do be careful while crossing the street. 過馬路時一定要當心。 He did e to see you last Sunday，but you were out. 他上周日的確來看過你，但是你出去了。 判斷一個句子是強調句型還是其他句型，最簡單的方法就是“還原法”，即去掉強調句型的特有結構It is/was...that/who...，若去掉這個結構后句子仍然成立，那該句型便是強調句型，否則，就可能是其他句型。 (1)It was he who did all the cleaning. (2)It is a pity that he has failed again. 熱點考向二　倒裝 1. 完全倒裝 (1)There be＋主語＋...，此結構中的be有時用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物動詞代替 There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 好像機器出了點問題。 (2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物動詞＋名詞 There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall. 鈴響了，我們進入演講大廳吧。 Be quick！Here es the bus. 快點，公共汽車來了。 (3)Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物動詞＋名詞 Out rushed the children. 孩子們沖出了教室。 Away flew the birds. 鳥兒飛走了。 (4)介詞短語(表地點)＋不及物動詞＋主語 On the wall hang two large portraits. 墻上掛著兩張巨幅畫像。 (5)表語＋連系動詞＋主語(表語可以是：形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。 (6)Such＋be＋主語 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. 這些就是事實，沒有人可以否認。 2. 部分倒裝 (1)用于以so，nor，neither開頭的句子，表示重復前句的部分內容，須部分倒裝，且此句的謂語應與前句的謂語在時態(tài)/形式上一致，但“so＋主語＋do”結構則表示對別人所說的情況加以肯定，它的主語與上文的主語相同，so相當于indeed，certainly。 Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I. 瑪麗已經記住了200個單詞，我也是。 －The girls study hard. 這些女孩學習刻苦。 －So they do. 她們的確如此。 (2)表示否定意義的副詞、連詞或短語置于句首時要部分倒裝。這些詞有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，no sooner...than，hardly...when等。 By no means shall we give up. 我們決不會放棄。 At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon. 在任何情況下中國決不會第一個使用核武器。 (3)only置于句首修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語)或狀語從句等時要用部分倒裝。 Only after my friend came was the puter repaired. 只有在我朋友來之后，電腦才修好。 (4)as引導的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動詞原形＋as＋主語)要用部分倒裝。 Tired as he was，he stayed up late. Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood. Child as he is，he knows a lot. 盡管他是個孩子，可他知道很多。(注意開頭的名詞前無冠詞) Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. (5)在so...that，such...that句型中，當so，such引導的結構置于句首時要用部分倒裝。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他說話聲音那樣大，隔壁屋里的人都能聽見。 (6)在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒裝。 Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow. 他剛一到，天就下起雪來了。 熱點考向三　省略句 1. 狀語從句的省略 (1)在時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動詞be，主語又與主句的主語一致或主語是it時，主謂均可以省略。 ①時間狀語從句：Please e here as soon as(it is)possible. ②地點狀語從句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary. ③條件狀語從句：She wont e to the party unless(she is)invited. ④方式狀語從句：I wonder why he didnt do as(he was)told to. ⑤比較狀語從句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday. ⑥讓步狀語從句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking. (2)狀語從句省略主語時，其后用現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動詞與省略的主語是主謂關系，用過去分詞則表示為動賓關系。 Be careful when(you are)crossing the street. 過馬路的時候一定要小心。 Once(he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again. 一個孩子一旦被燒傷，就不敢再碰火了。 2. 答語中的省略 Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。 －Do you think it will rain? 你認為會下雨嗎？ －I hope not(that it will not rain)．我希望不下。 －Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我們隊會贏嗎？－I guess so.我猜會贏。 3. 不定式中“to”的省略 (1)感官動詞(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役動詞(let，make，have)后接不定式作賓語補足語時，省略to，但在被動式中不能省略(let除外)。 I heard someone sing in the next room. 我聽見有人在隔壁唱歌。 The thief was noticed to slip into the room. 有人注意到這個賊溜進了房間。 (2)動詞help和介詞but，except后的不定式作賓語時，有時必須省略to。 He will help me(to)work out the problem. 他將幫助我解決這個問題。 He did nothing but wait all the time. 他除了一直等毫無辦法。 若句中but/except前無do/does/did，則to不能省略。 He has no choice but to wait. 他除了等毫無選擇。 (4)固定結構或句型中常省去“to”。 cant(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...； I would prefer to swim rather than play football. 比起踢足球我更喜歡游泳。 4. 虛擬語氣中if和should的省略 (1)在條件從句中，將助動詞提到句首，省去if。 If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house. →Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house. 如果我們知道這個工廠的計劃，我們就不會買這座房子。 If I were you，I would not do it like that. →Were I you，I would not do it like that. 如果我是你，我不會那樣做。 (2)主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句中省略should。 The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased. 工人們要求提高工資。 類似的動詞還有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，mand，remend等。 It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark. 我們被要求天黑前到達。 It is necessary that he(should)know it. 他有必要知道這件事。 My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once. 我建議我們馬上參觀展覽。 5. 英語中有一些固定的省略結構 (1)在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等連詞引導的狀語從句中，如果主句主語和從句主語一致，且從句謂語中含有動詞be，或者從句為it is結構時，從句往往使用省略的形式。 If(it is)necessary，we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報。 Whenever(it is)possible，he will e to my help. 他一有可能就來幫助我。 While(you are)cycling，dont forget the traffic lights. 騎車時，不要忘記看紅綠燈。 熱點考向三　there be結構 1. There be 結構的謂語形式 There be結構中的謂語動詞be有時可用seem to be，happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, e, occur等替換。 There is likely to be something wrong with his puter. Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 2. There be 的非謂語形式 What is the chance of there being an election this year?(there be的動名詞形式作of的賓語) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.（there be的不定式結構作expect的復合賓語）