2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題一 名詞 人教新目標(biāo)版編者按：系統(tǒng)分析河北近5年試題，重點(diǎn)是單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用題，逐命題點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)考查頻次，表格直觀呈現(xiàn)，并在各命題后批注考情，便于快速把握重點(diǎn)，逐一攻克?？季V要求1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2.不可數(shù)名詞3.專有名詞4.名詞所有格考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值名詞詞義辨析xx29printer/radio player/camera1分43glass/weight/water/height1分44minute/night/day/week1分45mother/teacher/doctor/friend1分xx30ice/soup/salt/sugar1分46boys/girls/men/women1分50town/market/garden/school1分55pay/time/advice/love1分xx29color/size/smell/shape1分49fear/trouble/surprise/danger1分50titles/orders/stories/questions 1分51discussion/practice/meeting/review1分xx30potato/banana/candy/pie1分53results/films/prizes/drawings1分55chance/practice/difference/experience1分201130prize/prizes/hobby/hobbies1分48advice/picture/idea/card1分52note/word/address/letter1分名詞單復(fù)數(shù)xx79riverrivers1分80wishwishes1分xx81footfeet1分xx85festivalfestivals1分名詞轉(zhuǎn)換201182sciencescientist1分82playplayers1分分析河北近5年中考真題可以看出，名詞為單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且近兩年偏向名詞詞義在語境中的辨析，句子設(shè)置的語境貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際。對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查會(huì)和詞義辨析結(jié)合，注重對(duì)語境的考查。對(duì)名詞所有格的考查也會(huì)和單復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)合，側(cè)重于不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)題形式均為簡(jiǎn)單句，以兩個(gè)單句為主，一個(gè)句子提供語境，另一個(gè)句子設(shè)題，詞數(shù)在912個(gè)。另外，完形填空和詞語運(yùn)用中也會(huì)涉及對(duì)名詞的考查，完形填空側(cè)重考查名詞的詞義辨析，而詞語運(yùn)用則側(cè)重對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的所有格的考查。預(yù)計(jì)xx年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇仍會(huì)考查名詞詞義辨析題，且與語境緊密結(jié)合。完形填空也會(huì)涉及23道名詞詞義辨析題，且與上下文語境相結(jié)合。詞語運(yùn)用中考查名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的可能性較大。河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破名詞名詞辨析【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】()1.If Peter es to us by any chance，please ask him to leave a _AletterBsentenceCmessage Dnotice()2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)If you go to visit London，dont forget to bring your _. Because it rains a lot.Apassport BmoneyCmap Dumbrella()3.(xx石家莊28中模擬)Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students.Aduty BhobbyChabit Dmanner()4.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _Aknowledge BenergyCchange Dcourage()5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit BjobCmenu Dskill()6.I want to write for international _ to bee a writer.Achairs BputersCdoors Dmagazines()7.The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings BtroublesCquestions Dinformation()8.Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors BplayersCwaiters Dwriters()9.Please pick me up at the _. My plane arrives at 8：00 am.Ahotel BairportCmuseum Dtheatre()10.(xx保定17中模擬)I will stay at _ when the summer holiday e.Ahouse BhomeCfamily Dflat()11.Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat BspaceCplace Droom()12.(xx張家口9中模擬)Now there are more and more new drivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea BfeelingCexperience Dsense【滿分點(diǎn)撥】分析河北中考近幾年單選和完形對(duì)名詞辨析的考查，主要以語境辨析和近義詞辨析為主。1語境辨析分析河北中考近幾年單選和完形，名詞辨析側(cè)重于對(duì)語境辨析的考查，同時(shí)較少涉及單復(fù)數(shù)、固定搭配。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，首先應(yīng)讀懂句意，抓住題干中關(guān)鍵信息，并分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，結(jié)合日常生活的常識(shí)及語境，即可選出正確答案。學(xué)生可結(jié)合河北試題研究話題詞匯分類速記表中常見名詞基本詞義，并背誦教材中常見的固定搭配。2近義詞辨析近義名詞在河北中考中沒有涉及，老師可根據(jù)以下所列常見近義名詞適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充。1family，home，house與room2noise，sound與voice3question與problem4work與job5message，information與news6village，city與countryside7clothes，cloth與clothing8photo，picture與drawing9population與people10road，street，path與way11exercise，exercises與practice12class與lesson13country，nation，state與land14police與policeman15trip，journey，travel與tour名詞的數(shù)【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】一、詞語運(yùn)用1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.2All the _ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _ a little cheaper?5These shoes are too big for my _二、 單項(xiàng)選擇()6.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.AminuteBminutesCchance Dchances()7.I gave a bunch(束) of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers BflowerCflour Dflours()8.(xx保定13中模擬)Mom，Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.Achicken BchickensCa chicken Dthe chicken()9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes，there are.AGermen BGermansCGerman DGermany()10.Do you have any _？Yes，I like chess and drama best.Ajobs BjobChobby Dhobbies【滿分點(diǎn)撥】1名詞的分類類別意義例詞專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞book，desk，table，bike，plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family，class，police，team，group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger，health，love，success，interest2.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加scapcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等結(jié)尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f，fe為v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o結(jié)尾o前為輔音音素時(shí)加es，o前為元音音素時(shí)加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos復(fù)合名詞將后一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名詞改變內(nèi)部元音字母footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice詞尾加renchildchildren單復(fù)數(shù)同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成詞，故其復(fù)數(shù)形式為直接加s。(2)man和woman作定語時(shí)，其本身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與被修飾詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老師)a woman cookwomen cooks(女廚師)3常見不可數(shù)名詞歸納及用法(1)常見的不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞食物bread面包meat肉cheese奶酪液體milk牛奶water水wine酒oil油自然物體soil土壤sand沙子wood木頭抽象名詞情感joy高興friendship友情peace和平學(xué)科math數(shù)學(xué)geography地理physics物理chemistry化學(xué)概念population人口knowledge知識(shí)(2)不可數(shù)名詞量化的表示不可數(shù)名詞的多少可用以下詞組來表示：a block of一塊a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一組，一雙，一對(duì)a piece of一片(張，塊) a pile of一堆短語a pair(piece)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，中心詞是pair(piece)(pieces)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若短語是two pairs(pieces)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，則中心詞是two pairs(pieces)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(3)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)易混歸納exercise(鍛煉)some exercises(練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)a paper(報(bào)紙，證件，試卷)wood(木頭，木材)a wood(小樹林)room(空間)a room(房間)life(生活)seven lives(七條生命)名詞所有格【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】1One of my _ homework wasnt handed in today.(classmate)2When is _ Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.(child)()3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours Dhour()4.(xx石家莊41中模擬)On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centersDcitiess center()5.(xx石家莊28中模擬)Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you Da friend of yours【滿分點(diǎn)撥】含有and的所有格用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示兩人共同擁有某物，這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s，用A and Bs表示。如：Mrs. King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母親。用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞，表示分別擁有各自的物品時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：There are Toms and Marys bags.這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。雙重所有格兩種形式：of名詞所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一個(gè)朋友。of名詞性物主代詞。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一個(gè)女兒?jiǎn)?？河北中考考點(diǎn)精練()1.(xx德州中考)The New York Times is a popular daily _.AdictionaryBmagazineCnewspaper Dguidebook()2.(xx廣安中考)How many _ can you see in the picture?Two.Adog BchildCsheeps Dsheep()3.(xx涼山中考)_fathers didnt e to the meeting.Why?Because they have gone to Beijing.AJeffs and Amys BJeff and AmyCJeffs and Amy DJeff and Amys()4.(xx溫州中考)Annie has a _，and she is going to see her dentist today.Acold BfeverCcough Dtoothache()5.(xx重慶中考A卷)Dave really likes driving.I think being a _ is just right for him.Adoctor BteacherCfarmer Ddriver()6.(xx臨沂中考)I live near the station.Its only about five _ walk.Aminutes BminuteCminutes Dminutes()7.(xx天津中考)In xx，Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.Aability BtradeCelectricity Dmemory()8.(xx承德2中模擬)Are all the students from _in your class?No，there are only 3 _in our class.The others are from other countries.AGermany；GermenBGermany；GermansCGerman；GermansDGerman；Germany()9.(xx武威中考)He has a collection of _He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters.Astamps BnovelsCinstruments Dmagazines()10.(xx蘭州中考)You paid ￥10 for _this morning.A4 bottle milksB4 bottles of milkC4 bottles of milksD4 milk()11.(xx邯鄲25中模擬)None of them talked.They finished their meal in _Asilence BorderCplace Dpublic()12.(xx保定8中模擬)Whats your favorite，Jim?My favorite is _.I often listen to it on MP3.Asports BdanceCscience Dmusic()13.(xx河南中考)Is this photo taken in Tibet?Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountain in the _ of the photo.Aform BbackgroundCshape Dinstruction()14.(xx邢臺(tái)金華中學(xué)模擬)Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents.Asatisfaction BdevelopmentCmunication Dpreparation()15.(xx濟(jì)南中考)Im a little hungry now.I only drank some _ before I came to school.Abread BmilkCbanana Dnoodle()16.(xx寧夏中考)Listen! Who is singing?Its Betty.She has a sweet _.Asound BvoiceCnoise Dspeech()17.(xx石家莊40中模擬)There are fifty _ in our school.They are all friendly to us.Awoman teachers Bwomen teacherCwoman teacher Dwomen teachers()18.(xx張家口9中模擬)You look so young! How old are you?Aha! Its a_.Asuggestion BreasonCsecret Dproblem()19.(xx保定17中模擬)The customers are pleased with the_ of the restaurant.Abalance BexperienceCsurface Dservice()20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Knowledge can help open up the _ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.Astudents BstudentsCstudents Dstudent