2019-2020年中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)材料-語法專題十一 主謂一致一就近原則出現(xiàn)幾個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱單復(fù)數(shù)須和最近的主語保持一致。 二意義一致原則主語形式是單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞根據(jù)意義要用復(fù)數(shù)；反之主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。如表示一筆錢，一段時間，一定重量時，這些單位雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。 三語法一致一個句子的主語是單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。細(xì)則如下：1. 由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or等）連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與較近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home.2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中，謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語保持一致。There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There _(e) the bus. 3. 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，其謂語動詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。I know the man who_(be) talking to my father.4. 在強調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時它應(yīng)與被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。It is Marys brother who_(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.5. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.When to leave _(be) not been decided.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.注：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。What he said and what he did _(be) always different last night . 由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”.6.“+ (of) +名詞”作主語時，若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞），則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如： half of, some of, any of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quarter of, a third of, 30% of。Most of the water here _(be) clean.80% cotton _have) been sent to America.80%Half of the apples _(be) red.7. 詞組“a number of”作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war.The number of the visitors _ (have) decreased this year. 5. 英語的集體名詞（family, public, group, team, class等詞），指代“整體”時為單數(shù)；指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。My family _(be) very poor when I was a little girlMy family _(be) all looking forward for your ing. 8. every +.and every +.或each+and each +作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working.9. 英語句中的each， either， neither等詞，作代詞充當(dāng)主語，修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither of us _(have) been abroad. Neither answer _(be) wrong .10. 由some, any every, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Somebody _(be)waiting for you at the school gate.11. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主語時，通常謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等詞語時，則謂語動詞要與量詞（pair, suit, piece ）在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk .12. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，卻表示單數(shù)意義（maths, physics, news ）謂語用單數(shù)。Maths_(be) my favorite subject.13.“the +形容詞（old /young /rich /poor ）”表示“一類人”，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The young _(like) listening to popular songs .14.“the +姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)” 表示“某某夫婦，某某一家人”，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The Greens _(be)having lunch now.15. 當(dāng)主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短語時 ，謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。I along with my sister_(be) going to Shanghai next month. 16. 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10 minutes is enough.17.加減乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運算謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。2 and 3 _5. 18.“the +姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“一家人、.夫婦”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China.19由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher ing. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher ing. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) 練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！( )1There_ be a fashion show in our town tomorrow.Aare going to B. will have C. has D. is going to( )2Doing exercise _ good for your health.A.be B. am C. is D. are( )3 Neither he nor I_ from Canada. We are from Australia.A.is B. are C. am D. be( )3. A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.A.have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to( )4Now the number of Chinese people _ working Africa more than one million.A.is B. are C. was D. were ( )5. Not only my friends but also I _ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A.be B. am C. is D. are( )6. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A.are B. is C. were D. was( )7. Neither Kate nor her cousins _ to America, but _ of them have known the country very well.A.have been; all B. have gone; both C. has been; all( )8 There _a dictionary and two pens on the desk.A.am B. is C. are( )9.Maths _my favourite subject, what about you?Physics_. I think its very interestingA.is：is B. are; are C. are；is( )10. In our school library there _ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.A.are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is( )11 Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before.A.have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never.( )12 Neither of the books_ interesting. I wont buy of them_.A.is; either B. are; neither C. is; any( )13 There _still some apple juice in the fridge. Its not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.A.was B. were C. is D. are( )14 How time flies! Well graduate. Three years really_ short time.A.was B. are C. is( )15.Do you think there _ robots in Peoples homes in the future?A.will be B. will is C. be will( )16 There_ some milk, two apples and a bottle of juice in the fridge.A.is B. are C. have( )17 Nobody except Tom and Mary _in the classroom. The students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.A.am B. is C. are( )18 I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.Sorry, I with my parents _ at that time.A. was shopping B. were shopping C. are shopping D. went shopping