狀語時用來修飾 詞， 詞， 詞或 的一種句子成分。它可以表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較、方式等。當(dāng)充當(dāng)狀語的部分是一個句子時，也就是狀語從句。分類如下：動形容副句子 狀語從句1. 時間狀語從句2. 地點狀語從句3. 原因狀語從句4. 條件狀語從句5. 讓步狀語從句6. 目的狀語從句7. 結(jié)果狀語從句8. 方式狀語從句9. 比較狀語從句 引導(dǎo)詞可分為兩部分 as while when whenever before after until (till) since as soon as every timenext timethe first/timethe momentthe minute/instantlyimmediatelydirectly(一就) as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句, 可以表達(dá)“正當(dāng)”， “一 邊一邊”，“隨著”等意思。1. 表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生。 As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. 2. 表示在某事發(fā)生的過程中，另一事發(fā)生。 Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 3. 表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。 Helen sang a song as she washed. 4. 表示“隨著.”.常指一個行為是另一個行為的結(jié)果，或一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)變化。句中的動詞多表示狀態(tài)的發(fā)展變化。As she grew older, she became more beautiful. 1. as, while , when的區(qū)別 while:持續(xù)性動詞 進(jìn)行時一般或現(xiàn)在情況將來情況V一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去情況e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.e.g. Im going to the post office. - While you are there, can you get some stamps for me?e.g. I hurt my should while I was doing gym. While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while=_)While I really don t like art, I find his work impressive. ( while =_ )While there is life there is hope. (while = _ )He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. whenalthough as long asWhile 在句中的不同含義: when: 持續(xù)性非持續(xù)性動詞都可當(dāng)時正在忽然e.g. When I first saw her, I fell in love with her. -When did you get home? -It was eight oclock when I got home.1)They were walking down the street when they saw an accident.2) I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. 盡管雖然鑒于如果屆時e.g. He walks when he might take a taxi. The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here? 雖 然屆 時如 果鑒 于 , 既 然 when 還有一些較為靈活的翻譯: before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“在之前”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。 We clean the classroom before we leave school every day. It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.不久你就會為你的所作所為后悔的。 after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“在之后”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。 After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.用過了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。 since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“自從”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。 例句翻譯：我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。We havent seen each other since we parted. 常用句型：It has been (is) + 時間段 + since從句 “自從有多長時間了 ”例句翻譯：自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)有六年時間了。It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university. until/ till引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 until / till 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“直到時”，表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句之前。 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式。例句：我會待在這里，直到你回來。Ill stay here until you come back. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時, 主句常用否定形式。 not until“直到才”，這時until 可用before替換。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 例句：他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。 as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“一就”，表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。 例句：他一回來我就告訴他這件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 相當(dāng)于as soon as 用法的詞或短語還有：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives. Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake. 名詞短語引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time等也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her. By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended. By the time he comes, we will already have left. 1. When every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me. 2. At next time you come, do remember bring your son here. 3. For the first time I met the girl. I felt in love with her. 4. You are welcome to come back at any time you want to. 5. At the last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.語法規(guī)則：every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名詞短語引導(dǎo)狀語從句不加介詞?？键c:名詞短語引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 其他連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhen引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。當(dāng)no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. 我還未來得及講話，他就掛斷了電話。 1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers A. when B. until C. before D. since3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. since C. As D. While4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while 地點狀語從句用連接副詞 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引導(dǎo)。e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. Where there is a will, there is a way. c. You can sit wherever you like. d. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which 原因狀語從句表示主句中的某一動作或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的原因。引導(dǎo)這種從句 常用的連接詞是：because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 這七個連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱。e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.表示“直接”原因。表示“間接的推斷”原因.不可出現(xiàn)在句首。 because, since, as, for的區(qū)別:because直接原因，非推斷語氣最強(qiáng) 回答why的問題。since 通常放句首譯為“既然”as 不談自明的原因，語氣最弱。for 放句中，引導(dǎo)后半句表原因, 或補(bǔ)充推斷 的理由。 1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2. Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking.3. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him.4. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more.5. He must be ill, _ he is absent Today.6. Some people believe that _ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.becauseasAsSince for since 條 件 狀 語 從 句 表 示 主 句 中 的 某 一 動 作 或 狀 態(tài)是 在 什 么 情 況 或 條 件 下 發(fā) 生 的 。 條 件 狀 語 從 句中 通 常 用 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 表 示 將 來 。條件狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。e.g. a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live. 1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road.A. as soon as B. as far asC. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.B. whether B. untilC. if D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When _ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”. _ they are dirty, certain seas are not able to clean themselves. _ we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. You can be allowed to play the game _you finish your homework first. Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to. IfOnceAs long as on condition thatunless 在復(fù)合句中表示讓步概念的狀語從句被稱為讓步狀語從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though,no matter + 疑問詞(what/ who/ where/ when/ which/ how)疑問詞-ever(whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever)特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as (用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)， while ( 一般用在句首 )， whether or , whether () or not though, although 判斷以下句子是否正確：Although he is rich, but he is not happy. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 要點歸納：though, although當(dāng)“雖然”講, 都不能和 but 連用. 但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. ever if, even thougheven if 和 even though 表示“ ” 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，必須將從句中的 、 、以及謂語中的 提前至從句句首，作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需 。 表語狀語實意動詞省略Though he works hard, he makes little progress. Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though you may object, Ill go.Object as you may, Ill go. whether or , whether () or notwhether or , whether or not 表示“不論是否”，“不管是還是”。其引導(dǎo)的從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。Whether you believe it or not, it is true. Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy. while 也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”，語氣比though/ although弱。其引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于 。句首例句：我盡管喜歡它的顏色，但不喜歡它的形狀。While I like its color, I dont like its shape. no matter + 疑問詞 疑問詞-everNo matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 判斷正誤：No matter what you say is of no use now. Whatever you say is of no use now. 歸納：no matter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句，而 “疑問詞+ever”則可以 1. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. since C. Before D. Unless2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen. A. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though3. I really want the match, however much _. A. does it cost B. costs it C. will it cost D. it costs 4. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until5. _, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him. A. Wanting the job very much B. Although wanting the job badly C. Though he wanted the job very much D. He wanted the job badly 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:in order that 用于正式文體中，所引從句可于主句前或后。so that a. 較常用，一般用于主句后,有時可分開，so 有時可省; 從句中要有情態(tài)動詞, 否則, 就成為下一種句型：b. 無情態(tài)動詞則引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。 e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so that we can hear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget. 注意：當(dāng)從句與主句的主語一致時，可用 so as to do 或 in order to do e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock. 結(jié)果狀語從句常位于主句之后，由 so, so that, such that; so that 等引導(dǎo)。 a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him. b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.d. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left. 描述主句動作進(jìn)行方式的狀語被稱為方式狀語。通常用下列詞語引導(dǎo): as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)等。 a. We must do as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sounds as if it is raining. e. They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。 f. As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水 比較狀語從句常由下列詞語引導(dǎo)： as as, not so / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., the more + adj. / adv.a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter.d. The busier he is, the happier he feels.e. The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.f. Send for a doctor as soon as (it is ) possible. 1. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as2. If things are left _ they are, the problems will never be settled, Im afraid. A. how B. as C. what D. where3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as4. I dare not go there _ my parents will see me. A. in case of B. for fear of C. in order that D. for fear that 注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where和as為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。1. You are to find it where you left it.（地點狀語從句）2. Tell me the address where he lives. （定語從句，句中有先行詞）3. I dont know where he came from.（賓語從句）4. Where he has gone is not known yet. （主語從句）5. This place is where they once hid. （表語從句） “as” 用于不同的狀語從句中1. She sang as she worked. 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard.3. You must try to do as I did.4. She doesnt do her work as carefully as I.5. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 部分狀語從句可用省略形式： even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc.1. The flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day.2. Even if (I am) invited, I wont go there.3. Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, youll be punished by your head-teacher .4. Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.5. She wont speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to.6. When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace. 7. These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.