2019-2020年中考英語總復習 第二部分 語法專題突破 專題十三 復合句（含歷年中考真題）考點分析解讀甘肅中考對復合句的考查重點是賓語從句和定語從句，有時候還會將兩者混合在一道題中。對狀語從句的考查主要以連詞為主，復合句涉題語境豐富，偶爾涉及熱點信息和地方特色，具體包括以下三點：1. 賓語從句：考查賓語從句的語序引導詞、時態(tài)、語序，對賓語從句的引導詞和語序考查的比較多，同時涉及到疑問詞+不定式這個結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 定語從句的考查只涉及引導詞的考查，其中考查較多的引導詞包括why, who, where, which等。3. 狀語從句在甘肅中考中涉及兩方面的考查：從屬連詞的辨析；考查狀語從句的時態(tài)。重難點精講(懶人聽講解)考點精講考點一 賓語從句近3年考查12次1. 連接詞連詞that引導由陳述句變來的賓語從句。that.and/but that.引導由并列或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的陳述句變來的賓語從句。連詞if或whether引導一般疑問句、反意疑問句或選擇疑問句變來的賓語從句。連接代詞、副詞(即疑問詞)引導由特殊疑問句變來的賓語從句。如：I know(that) hes a teacher.我知道他是一名教師。Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？Please tell me how you go to school.請告訴我你怎樣去學校。2. 賓語從句要用陳述句語序如：Do you know where Tom lives?你知道湯姆住在哪里嗎？3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，則賓語從句時態(tài)不受限制，根據(jù)實際情況使用所需要的時態(tài)。如果主句為一般過去時，則賓語從句的時態(tài)只能用過去的某種時態(tài)。如果賓語從句為客觀真理或普遍事實，則用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果賓語從句是由when引導的從句或帶有時間狀語的從句，則when引導的從句或時間狀語從句中的時態(tài)不變。如果賓語從句中含有過去具體的年、月、日時，則其時態(tài)保持不變。如：I hear Joan left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說瓊昨天去了北京。I hear Joan has left for Beijing.我聽說瓊已經(jīng)去了北京。I hear Joan will leave for Beijing.我聽說瓊將要去北京。Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說她昨天這個時候正在看電視。Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說她很快要去學校。Kate said she had seen the film before.凱特說她之前已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。The teacher wanted to know when the girl was born.老師想知道這個女孩是什么時候出生的。Tom said he had worked here since he left school.湯姆說他自從離開學校后一直在這兒工作?？键c二 定語從句近3年考查12次關(guān)系詞功能先行詞that, who主語、賓語、表語whom, that賓語人物that, which主語、賓語、表語事物、時間、地點、原因例如：where狀語地點whose定語人、物考點三 狀語從句甘肅中考對狀語從句的考查包括兩方面：引導詞的考查；主將從現(xiàn)時態(tài)的考查。類別連詞時間狀語從句when/while/as 當時，since自從(到現(xiàn)在)，until/till 直到，as soon as 一就條件狀語從句if如果原因狀語從句because因為, since既然， as由于目的狀語從句so that以便；為了結(jié)果狀語從句so that結(jié)果是， so/such.that.如此以至于讓步狀語從句although/though盡管比較狀語從句than比, as.as.和一樣not so/as.as.不如方式狀語從句as像；如地點狀語從句where 哪里注意：英語中時間和條件狀語從句必須遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句為一般將來時態(tài)時，它所引導的狀語從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來的意思，這時主句和從句所表達的時態(tài)在意義上仍然保持一致。常見的應使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時間的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once等；表示條件的if, unless, so long as, in case等。如： I was doing my homework when he came.當他來的時候我正在做作業(yè)。Wewill go to see you if we are free.如果我們有時間就去看你。Since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我們開會吧。Please speak slowly so that we can follow you.請說慢一點以便于我們能跟上你。We got up so late that we missed the early bus.我們起得太晚以至于錯過了早班車。The air is around us, though we cannot see it.空氣就在我們周圍，盡管我們看不見它。It was much better than Iwould expected.它比我期望得要好多了。We did as the teacher told us to.我們按照老師說的去做。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。考點四 復合句使用時的注意事項賓語從句在介詞之后、動詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether, 不用if。I cant decide whether to buy this bike or not.狀語從句在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。I will tell him about it when he es tomorrow.I wont go to the cinema if he doesnt e tomorrow.定語從句先行詞是all, few, little, something, everything, nothing等不定代詞時，只能用that。All that he said is true.先行詞被only, no, any, all等詞修飾時，只能用that。This is the only thing that my father bought for me.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that。This is the second book that I have read.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用that。This is the best book that I have read this year.先行詞既包括人又包括物時，只能用that。We talked about the people and things that we remembered.在介詞后只能用which。The house in which I lived has been sold.專題十四情景交際考點分析解讀情景交際在甘肅各地市的考題中都會涉及，各地考查數(shù)量不一，數(shù)量會在17道。在2011年省卷中考查最多。xx年張掖、平?jīng)?、白銀、酒泉等地的單選中涉及6道情景交際。話題以課本和課標中常見的話題為主。?？荚掝}包括感謝及應答、道歉、建議、意愿、邀請等就餐、問路等?？疾閷W生在具體語境中靈活運用語言的能力，考生應熟練掌握日常表達用語。重難點精講(懶人聽講解)1.感謝感謝某人Thank you./Thank you very much. （非常）謝謝你。Thanks./Thanks a lot./Many thanks. （非常）謝謝。Thanks/Thank you for. （因）感謝你。Itis very kind of you. 你真是太好了。Thanks. That would be nice. 謝謝，那太好了。應答Not at all./Thatis OK./Thats all right./Youare wele./Itis a pleasure./My pleasure.不用謝。/不客氣。2.道歉當要麻煩別人時：Excuse me./I beg your pardon.打擾一下。/請再說一遍。當做錯某事時：Sorry./Iam sorry for /Iam sorry that 對不起回答道歉時的答語：Thatis all right./Thatis OK./Never mind./Itis nothing./It does not matter.沒關(guān)系。/沒什么。3.祝愿和祝賀Good luck(to you)! 祝你好運！Merry Christmas! 祝你圣誕節(jié)快樂！Happy New Year! 新年快樂！Happy birthday! 生日快樂！Congratulations! 祝賀你！Have a good time! 祝你玩得開心！The same to you. 同樣祝福你。4.意愿Iam going to pick apples. 我將去摘蘋果。Iwould like you to meet my parents, too.我也想讓你見見我的父母親。I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿一些書去教室。I hope you have a good time. 我希望你過得愉快。5.邀請和應答邀請和應答Will you e to my party?你能來參加我的宴會嗎？Would you like to go for a walk?你想去散步嗎？May I invite you to dinner?我可以請你吃飯嗎？接受邀請時的答語：Yes, Iwould like/love to.是的，我愿意。Yes. Itis very kind of you.是的，你真是太好了。That would be nice.那太好了。拒絕邀請時的答語：No, thank you.不，謝謝你。Iwould love/like to, but我想，但是6.提供（幫助等）和應答Can I help you? 我能幫忙嗎？What can I do for you? 我能為你做些什么？Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。7.請求Can/Could you. for me? 你能替我做嗎？Will/Would you please.? 你可不可以？Please hurry. 請快點。8.勸告和建議Youwould better ask that woman. 你最好問問那位婦女。Why donnot you go to the park?/Why not go to the park? 為什么不去公園呢？How/What about going out for a walk? 去散步怎么樣？Shall we play together? 我們一起玩，好嗎？You shouldnt stay up too late. 別睡得太晚。9.打電話撥電話方的交際用語Could/May/Can I speak to.please?請找接電話，好嗎？Whois that(speaking)? 你是哪一位呀？This is.(speaking). 我是Could you ask him/her to call me back?您能讓他/她給我回電話嗎？Iam calling to tell/ask you to.我打電話給你是想告訴/要你去Thatis very kind of you(to help me).你能幫我真是太好了。接電話方的交際用語Hold on(for a moment), please. 請稍等。Iam sorry/afraid heis/sheis out at the moment/right now. 對不起，（我恐怕）他/她現(xiàn)在不在。Can I take a message (for you)? 我能替你帶話嗎？10.購物營業(yè)員常用的交際用語Can I help you?/What can I do for you? 你要買什么？How many/much.do you want? 你要多少？What about this one? 這件/種怎么樣？What colour/size/kind do you like/want?你喜歡/想要什么顏色/尺寸/種類的？Iam afraid we havent got any.in that size at the moment.恐怕我們現(xiàn)在沒有那個尺寸的Here you are. 給你。顧客常用的交際用語I want/would like to buy some.(for.)我想（為）買一些Iam looking for.我正在找I would like/want two kilos of. 我想買兩公斤I like the colour, but itis/theyare too. 我喜歡這個顏色，但它/它們太Itis great, but its not.enough. 不錯，但它不夠I prefer.but this.is too. 我喜歡，但這個太Have you got any other kind/colour/size? 你們還有其他種類/顏色/尺寸的嗎？That looks nice/great. 看起來不錯。Have you got anything cheaper? 你們有更便宜點的嗎？How much does it cost? 多少錢？Can/May I try them/it on, please?我能試一試嗎？11.問路及應答問路的交際用語Excuse me, whereis.? 勞駕，在哪兒？How can I get to.? 我怎樣去？Which is the way to the.? 去是哪一條路？Could you tell me how to get to the.please? 請問您能告訴我怎樣去嗎？How far is it? 有多遠？Which bus can I take? 我可以乘哪路公車？指路的交際用語Itis over there on the left/right. 在那兒左邊/右邊。Itis next to the./in front of the./behind the./outside the./between. and. 它在的旁邊/前面/后面/外面/中間。Itis at the end of the street. 在街道的盡頭。Youwould better take/catch a bus. 你最好乘公共汽車。At the end of the road youwill see the. 至路盡頭你就會看到It will take you about half an hour. 大約要花半個小時到那兒。Go across the bridge. 從橋上走過去。Go up this road to the end. 沿著這條路走到盡頭。Turn left/right at the second crossing. 從第二個十字路口向左/右拐。You cannot miss it. 你不會錯過的。Itis about 15 minutes walk. 步行大約15分鐘。12.看病醫(yī)生常用交際用語Whatis wrong with you?/Whats the matter?/Whats up? 你怎么了？How long have you been like this?你像這樣多久了？Have you taken your temperature?你測過體溫嗎？Have you had anything to eat this morning?早晨你吃過什么東西嗎？Thereis nothing serious. 不要緊，不嚴重。Take this medicine and stay in bed for a few days. 吃這個藥并臥床休息幾天。You will get better soon. 你會很快好起來的。You will be all right/well soon. 你會很快沒事的。病人常用的交際用語I have got a headache/cough. 我頭痛/咳嗽。Iam not feeling well./I dont feel very well./I feel terrible. 我感覺不舒服。Thereis something wrong with. 我不舒服。13.喜好和厭惡喜歡Which do you like better, . or .?你喜歡（這兩者）中的哪一個？I like . better than.我喜歡勝過Which do you like best, ., .or.?你最喜歡（這三者）中的哪一個？I like.best.我最喜歡Would you like.? 你想要嗎？I like/love.a lot/very much/a little.我很/十分/有一點喜歡厭惡I dont like.at all. 我一點也不喜歡I prefer to.rather than. 我寧可也不14.談論天氣詢問天氣Whatis the weather like today? 今天天氣如何？How is the weather in England?英格蘭的天氣怎么樣？Lovely weather, isnt it? 天氣不錯，不是嗎？描述天氣Itis fine/cloudy/windy/rainy.晴天/多云/有風/有雨。Itis rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isnt it?今天很暖和/冷/熱，不是嗎？What a heavy rain! 好大的雨！15.就餐主人常用語：What would you like to have?你想要些什么？Would you like something to drink?你想要一些喝的嗎？Help yourself to some chicken.請隨便吃一些雞肉?？腿顺Ｓ谜Z:Yes, Iwould like a drink.是的，我想要一杯飲料。Iwould like rice and chicken.我想要雞肉米飯。Just a little, please.就一點點。Can I have some more soup?我還能再要一些湯嗎？Itis so delicious. Thank you.太香了，謝謝你。No, thank you. Ihave had enough.不用了，已經(jīng)足夠了，謝謝。Iam full, thank you.我飽了，謝謝。16.情感高興How wonderful/nice! 太棒了！Thatis lovely/great/wonderful! 那很可愛/好/棒！Iam happy. Itis well done. 我很高興，干得好。Iam pleased to know that. 知道那事我很高興。滿意Good! 好！Well done! 干得好！Perfect! 太完美了！Thatis fine. 那很好。Thats better. 那更好。Thatis good enough. 那足夠好了。憂慮Whatis wrong? 怎么了？Whatis the matter? 出什么問題了？Anything wrong? 有什么問題嗎？What should we do? 我們該怎么辦？Are you worried about your health?你擔心自己的健康嗎？遺憾與同情Iam so sorry! 很抱歉。Itis a great pity! 太遺憾了。What a shame/pity！ 真遺憾！Thatis too bad! 那太糟了。Im sorry to hear that. 聽到這個消息我很難過。17.禁止和警告You cant do that. 別這么做。Be careful!/Take care! 小心！Donnot walk there. The floor is wet.別走那兒，地板太滑。