2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法 專題四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)1must的用法1You _ be careful with the camera.It costs！(xx四川，2)Amust BmayCcan Dwill2You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(xx重慶，12)Amust BcanCwill Dshall3_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir，but its urgent.(xx重慶，25)ACan BShouldCMust DWould4If you _ smoke，please go outside.(xx大綱全國(guó)，8)Acan BshouldCmust Dmay考點(diǎn)歸納1must表示“義務(wù)、責(zé)任、命令”時(shí)意為“必須”；表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為“一定是，必定是”。2must用在條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，有時(shí)表示固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持，意為“一定要，非得要”。Must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出這討厭的噪音嗎？If you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就帶上我的傘?？键c(diǎn)2will/ would表示意愿1I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.(xx四川，6)Amight mustCwould should2The door_open，no matter how hard she pushed.(xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，29)Ashouldnt couldntCwouldnt mightnt3Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but_say where he was.(xx江蘇，28)Amustnt shouldntCwouldnt mightnt考點(diǎn)歸納1will/would可表示意愿或固執(zhí)堅(jiān)持。用于非人主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示固有的性質(zhì)、傾向。其否定式常表示拒絕。She wont lend me the money.她不愿意把錢借給我。The door wont shut.門關(guān)不上了。2will還可用在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示各種“愿望”，這些愿望包括“請(qǐng)求、意愿、拒絕、同意、允許、堅(jiān)持、選擇、計(jì)劃”等。If you will e into the hall，the meeting will begin soon.請(qǐng)到大廳里來(lái)，會(huì)議快要開(kāi)始了。(表請(qǐng)求)If you will make another try，I shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再試一次的話，我愿盡一切可能幫助你。(表意愿)考點(diǎn)3shall/ should 的用法1Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You _ have made full preparations.(xx福建，27)Amust BcanCwould Dshould2It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.(xx江蘇，31)Amight Bwould Cshould Dcould考點(diǎn)歸納1shall用于主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話者(而非句子主語(yǔ))給對(duì)方的一種允諾、威脅、命令、警告等。You shall have a lot of money.你會(huì)有很多錢的。(允諾)You shall arrive there before sunset.你們要在日落前到達(dá)那里。(命令)She shall get what she deserves.她會(huì)有報(bào)應(yīng)的。(警告)2shall用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱的陳述句中，表示條約、規(guī)章、法令等中的義務(wù)或規(guī)定，常譯為“應(yīng)，必須”。All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成員都要捐助進(jìn)行這一類活動(dòng)所需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)。Visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3在下列句型中的that從句里常用should，把that從句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)從句表達(dá)的情景表示懷疑、驚訝、憂慮、惋惜、歡喜等，翻譯時(shí)，常加上“竟然”兩字。Im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.I think it important/a pity.that.I cannot imagine/believe.that.It worries me/astonished me.that.It is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.Im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，真使我驚訝。It is astonishing that he should have mitted the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的錯(cuò)誤，真令人吃驚。How can you expect that she should lend money to you？你怎么能指望她借錢給你呢？考點(diǎn)4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who _ have taken it？(xx陜西，25) Aneed BmustCshould Dcould2What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure，but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.(xx重慶，26)Amust BwouldCshould Dmight3The children _ lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(xx陜西，21)Amust have got Bmust getCshould have got Dshould get4Why are your eyes so red？You_have slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.(xx四川，5)Acant BmustntCneednt Dwont考點(diǎn)歸納1表示肯定推測(cè)時(shí)must>will>would>ought to>should>can>could>may>might。2表示否定推測(cè)時(shí)cant語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，意為“不可能”；may/might/could not的語(yǔ)氣較弱，意為“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推測(cè)，而表示“禁止，不能”)。3表示推測(cè)時(shí)，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might只能用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各種句式，can用于肯定句中時(shí)，有時(shí)表示“一時(shí)的可能性或暫時(shí)的可能性”。4“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞do”表示對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be doing”表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)?？键c(diǎn)5與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的特殊搭配I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.(xx陜西，23)Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill考點(diǎn)歸納1cannot/never.too/enough.再也不過(guò)分，越越好2cant help/choose but do.只好做3cant but do.不得不做4cant help doing.情不自禁做5it cant be helped實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法；無(wú)法避免6more than sb.can.非某人所能7may/might well do.理所當(dāng)然8may/might as well do.不妨做；還是做的好9dare I say/suggest.我可以說(shuō)考點(diǎn)6虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(xx重慶，7)Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written2It is lucky we booked a room，or we_nowhere to stay now.(xx安徽，32)Ahad Bhad hadCwould have Dwould have had3Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her.(xx陜西，23)Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced4If I _ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.(xx北京，34)Adidnt see Bwerent seeingCwouldnt see Dhadnt seen5We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(xx陜西，23)Awould stay Bhas stayedCstayed Dstay6It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ it？(xx重慶，13)Ahad done Bhave doneCdid Dam doing7Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _something instead of just talking.(xx遼寧，33)Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid考點(diǎn)歸納1在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，如果用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，則主句和從句都用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若不用，則主從句都不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，不能一方用另一方不用。2注意but (except)表示條件的結(jié)構(gòu)：would動(dòng)詞原形but (except)現(xiàn)在時(shí)陳述句(陳述語(yǔ)氣)，表示同現(xiàn)在相反的假設(shè)。would have過(guò)去分詞but (except)過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句(陳述語(yǔ)氣)，表示同過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)。I would have gone with her，but I was too busy.我本來(lái)要和她一起去的，但是我太忙了。3Its (high/about) time that主語(yǔ)should do/過(guò)去時(shí)“到了某人做的時(shí)候了”。It is high time that we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候了。4would rather.過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)(與過(guò)去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來(lái)。解題方法方法1意義判斷法所謂意義判斷法就是分析語(yǔ)境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是做題的前提。You_ park here！Its an emergency exit.Awouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt答案D解析句意為：你不能把車停在這里！這是一個(gè)緊急出口。wouldnt不會(huì)；neednt沒(méi)有必要；couldnt不能夠；mustnt不準(zhǔn)，禁止。故選D項(xiàng)。方法2句型判斷法有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推測(cè)時(shí)，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推測(cè)只能用于肯定句中。運(yùn)用此法就是通過(guò)分析所給句子的句型特點(diǎn)，選用具有特定句型特點(diǎn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_.You read it in here.(xx陜西，23)Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt答案D解析句意為：我可以把這本書(shū)帶出閱覽室嗎？不可以，你一定不能帶出去。你就在這里讀。mustnt表示強(qiáng)烈的禁止。方法3語(yǔ)氣判斷法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情感或態(tài)度，所以在解答此類試題時(shí)，一定要注意說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣(這也是解題的難點(diǎn))，這就要求正確理解句子，從說(shuō)話者的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合特定的情感需要。Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone_ring.Amust BcouldCmight Dneed答案A解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。must在此表示說(shuō)話人的愿望或感到不耐煩，意為“偏要”。句意為：正當(dāng)我們要坐下來(lái)吃飯時(shí)，偏偏電話鈴響了。方法4人稱判斷法有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)某個(gè)意義時(shí)，要與特定的人稱連用，這為我們選擇正確答案提供了方向。I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.(xx江蘇，25)Acould BshallCmust Dmay答案B解析句意為：我還沒(méi)有弄到參考書(shū)，但是下個(gè)月我將參加這門學(xué)科的測(cè)試。不要擔(dān)心，到星期五時(shí)你就有了。could能夠；shall在句中表示“允諾”；must必須；may也許，可以。方法5句型提示法虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句中，在不同的從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)體現(xiàn)，如if非真實(shí)條件句(分三種情形)，wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，It is time that.的定語(yǔ)從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞形式，就基本上掌握了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。If we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken答案B解析句意為：如果我們走另一條路的話，我們或許能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)這里參加這次會(huì)議了。根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞might have arrived可以推出，本句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以if條件句中應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。方法6特定詞匯暗示法英語(yǔ)中某些短語(yǔ)如If it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，它們對(duì)于解答試題有很大的幫助，掌握了這些要點(diǎn)知識(shí)，做起題來(lái)也就很容易了。Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed答案B解析could have done表示本能夠做某事(但沒(méi)做)。提醒：完成作業(yè)強(qiáng)化練(四)強(qiáng)化練(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (建議用時(shí)：12分鐘)1Fortunately enough，the old man was rushed to the hospital in time.Three minutes late，and he _.(xx泰州二模，32)Awould die Bwas to dieCshould have died Dwould have died2Where are my new sneakers？Have you seen them?How _ I know？Im your sister，not your servant.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，24)Ashall Bwill Cshould Dmight3Mom！Jack has broken a cup!It doesnt matter.Accidents _ happen.(xx南京、鹽城一模，22)Ashould Bmust Cwill Dshall4The measure of a mans real character is what he _ if he _ he would never be found out.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，31)Awould do；knew Bmay do；knewCmight do；knows Dshould do；had known5The guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we _ straight past otherwise.(xx南京三模，31)Ahad walked Bwere walkingCwould have walked Dmust have walked6What about your trip to the town?Couldnt be worse.Stuck in the mud，the car _ not move，however hard we pushed it.(xx徐州三模，31)Acould Bshould Cwould Dmight7Did you go to Taylor Swifts concert last night?I would rather I _.But I was preparing a report for my boss.(xx徐州三模，31)Adid Bhad Cwould Dmight8I think I saw Mr.Smith at yesterdays party.He _ there.He is now on a business trip in Greece.And he left the day before yesterday.(xx徐州三模，28)Amustnt have been Bcouldnt have beenCmight not be Dshould not be9Thanks for inviting me to your party._ my classmate Jane e?Of course.She is always wele.(xx蘇北四市一模，25)AMust BShould CWill DShall10Did you attend the opening ceremony of The Voice of China last week?Sorry！We _ it，but we had a terrible traffic accident on our way.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，32)Amust have attended Bmust attendCcould have attended Dcould attend11My puter _ start，no matter how hard I try.It might have crashed.(xx南京、鹽城二模，27)Awont BshouldntCmustnt Dwouldnt12The boys parents _ the operation last week had it not been for the donations from our school.Acouldnt have paid for Bcouldnt pay forCshouldnt have paid for Dwouldnt pay for13Statistics indicate that it _ well be quite some time before the global economy starts to recover.Amay Bshould Ccan Dmust14The sleeping baby would be scared _ a sudden loud noise.Awas there Bthere wasCshould there be Dthere should be15Lucy looks so upset.She _ the driving test.It is the second time that she has failed in the test.Acant pass Bmustnt passCcant have passed Dmustnt have passed16The weather in the south is generally warm，but it _ be very cold sometimes.Amust Bshall Cwill Dcan17Did Jack take the doctors advice that he _ in bed for another three days?If only he _.Alie；did Blie；hadClies；does Dlies；would18Do you know where David is？He is not in the office.Well，he _ have gone farhis coats still here.Ashouldnt BmustntCcant Dwouldnt19There is a real possibility that these babies could be terrified，_ a sudden loud explosion. Ashould there be Bbeing thereCthere was Dthere having been20I _ in the final of the Voice of China，but I was kicked out of the first round.Amust join Bwould have joinedCmust have joined Dwould join學(xué)生用書(shū)答案精析專題四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)11A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你一定要非常小心地對(duì)待這個(gè)照相機(jī)，它很貴。根據(jù)下文的it costs可知，照相機(jī)一定很昂貴，所以“必須”小心對(duì)待，故選擇A。2A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你一定是卡蘿爾，這么多年你一點(diǎn)兒都沒(méi)變。依據(jù)第二句可知，此處應(yīng)用must表示很有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。3C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你必須現(xiàn)在插話嗎？難道你沒(méi)看到我正在打電話嗎？抱歉，先生。但事情緊急。分析句意可知前者是問(wèn)對(duì)方必須(must)要插話嗎，答語(yǔ)中的“urgent”也是關(guān)鍵信息。can表示“能夠”；should表“應(yīng)該”；would表“將會(huì)”，均不合語(yǔ)境。4C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：如果你一定要吸煙，請(qǐng)到外面去。if you must do sth.如果你一定要做某事(表示雖不贊同，但允許)，為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)21C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此題考查的是would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，可譯為“過(guò)去常常”。句意為：我仍舊記得我快樂(lè)的童年，那時(shí)我的母親常在周末帶我去迪斯尼樂(lè)園。2C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：不管她怎么推，門還是打不開(kāi)。shouldnt不應(yīng)該；couldnt主觀的不能；wouldnt不會(huì)；mightnt可能不。3C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。mustnt禁止，不允許；shouldnt不應(yīng)該，表示責(zé)怪、批評(píng)；wouldnt不愿意，表示否定的意愿；mightnt或許不，表示否定的可能性。句意為：幾天后，我哥哥打電話說(shuō)他一切都好，但不愿意說(shuō)他在哪兒。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)31D考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”。句意為：很抱歉，媽媽，我的面試又失敗了。噢，真是太糟糕了，你本應(yīng)該做好充分準(zhǔn)備的。should have done本應(yīng)該做但是沒(méi)有做。2C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：讓我難為情的是，他們自己那么窮，竟然還要給我?guī)С缘?。should可表示說(shuō)話人的驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感，此處意為“竟然”，表驚訝?？键c(diǎn)41D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。第二句句意為：可能是誰(shuí)拿走了呢？need需要；must一定，肯定，表猜測(cè)時(shí)通常只用于肯定句；should多指預(yù)期的事，常譯為“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”；could可表示說(shuō)話者主觀猜測(cè)的“可能”，此時(shí)用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，符合題意。2D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示推測(cè)。must表示的可能性最大，其次是would，should，might。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的“Im not sure”可知，此處表示的可能性較小，故用might。3A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：孩子們一定在樹(shù)林里迷路了；要不然他們本會(huì)按計(jì)劃到湖邊的宿營(yíng)地的。根據(jù)句意可知前句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事(但沒(méi)做成)”。4A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你的眼睛為什么這么紅？你昨晚肯定沒(méi)睡好。是的，我熬夜寫(xiě)了一篇報(bào)告。cant have done不可能做過(guò)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)，符合句意。mustnt禁止；neednt沒(méi)必要，wont不愿意?？键c(diǎn)5B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與too構(gòu)成固定句型cant/couldnt.too.，意為“再都不為過(guò)”，故選B?？键c(diǎn)61D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：要是沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)的經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會(huì)寫(xiě)出他的著名小說(shuō)永別了，武器。該句使用了含有without的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由語(yǔ)境知，這里是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthave done，故D項(xiàng)正確。2C考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：很幸運(yùn)我們訂了一個(gè)房間，否則我們現(xiàn)在將無(wú)處可住。or引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行虛擬，因此用“would動(dòng)詞原形”，故選C。3D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好??！I wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be用were)；敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用could/should/would/might do；敘述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，選D項(xiàng)。4D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：如果不是親眼看到，我就不會(huì)相信這件事。由主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wouldnt have believed 可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。5C考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。would rather后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用“had過(guò)去分詞”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。根據(jù)后一句中的is可知，此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，故選C項(xiàng)。6A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：是John打壞了窗戶。為什么你說(shuō)得好像是我打壞的似的？題中broke表示“打壞窗戶”發(fā)生在“過(guò)去”。as if/though后面的從句用had done表示對(duì)“過(guò)去”的虛擬。故A項(xiàng)正確。7DIts high time that后面的句子通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，有時(shí)也用“should動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，但should不可省略。句意為：Jack是一個(gè)很喜歡說(shuō)大話的人。到了他做點(diǎn)事情，而不是只講大話的時(shí)候了。二輪專題強(qiáng)化練答案精析強(qiáng)化練(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣1D句意為：足夠幸運(yùn)的是那位老人被迅速送到了醫(yī)院。到得很及時(shí)，再晚三分鐘，他就會(huì)喪命。根據(jù)句意可知本題是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；should have done本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做，不符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。2C句意為：我的新運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋在哪里？你看到過(guò)嗎？我怎么知道啊？我是你的姐姐，不是你的仆人。should可以表示意外、驚喜或者在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)是不可思議的情況，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。3C句意為：媽媽！杰克打碎了一個(gè)杯子！不要緊。意外總是會(huì)發(fā)生的。should應(yīng)該；must必須；shall用于第三人稱表示命令、警告等；will總是，慣于(表示某事經(jīng)常發(fā)生或總是如此)，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。4A句意為：衡量一個(gè)人的真正品格是看如果他知道不會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，他會(huì)怎么做。is后是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)從句是一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，if從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)用were)，主句用would do。故選A項(xiàng)。5C句意為：這個(gè)導(dǎo)游非常熱情，知識(shí)非常豐富，我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)美妙的夜晚，溜達(dá)到了一些地方，不然這些地方我們會(huì)徑直經(jīng)過(guò)。根據(jù)句意，假如沒(méi)有這個(gè)導(dǎo)游，這些地方我們只會(huì)路過(guò)，這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。故選C項(xiàng)。6C句意為：你們這次去鎮(zhèn)上怎么樣??？不能更糟了。車陷在了泥里，不論我們?cè)趺从昧ν?，它就是不?dòng)。當(dāng)物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，will/would的否定形式可以表示“不起作用”。故選C項(xiàng)。7B句意為：你昨晚去泰勒斯威夫特的演唱會(huì)了嗎？我寧愿我去了。但是我昨晚在給老板準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)報(bào)告。would rather后接從句，如果與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式；如果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用had done，這里在談?wù)撟蛲戆l(fā)生的事情，是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，用had done，done被省略。故選B項(xiàng)。8B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)。句意為：我覺(jué)得我在昨天的聚會(huì)上看到史密斯先生了。他不可能在那里。他現(xiàn)在在希臘出差呢。他是前天離開(kāi)的。本題是對(duì)過(guò)去的情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；must表猜測(cè)時(shí)不能用在否定句中；couldnt have done過(guò)去不可能，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。9D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為：謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我參加你的聚會(huì)，能讓我的同學(xué)簡(jiǎn)來(lái)嗎？當(dāng)然。她一直很受歡迎。shall和第三人稱連用，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。故選D項(xiàng)。10C句意為：上周你們參加了中國(guó)好聲音的開(kāi)幕式了嗎？很遺憾！我們本來(lái)能夠參加的，但是路上出了嚴(yán)重的交通事故。must have done是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)，意為“過(guò)去肯定”；must do不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣；could do不表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬；could have done本能夠做的事情而沒(méi)做，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。11A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為：不論我怎么努力，我的電腦都無(wú)法啟動(dòng)。它可能已經(jīng)崩潰了。wont可表示“拒絕，不肯，不能，怎么也不”，主語(yǔ)可以是人或物。故選A項(xiàng)。12A句意為：如果不是我們學(xué)校的捐款，上周這個(gè)男孩的父母就不能支付手術(shù)費(fèi)。had it not been for.if it had not been for.。根據(jù)從句結(jié)構(gòu)以及主句含義可知這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用couldnt have done結(jié)構(gòu)；shouldnt have done本不該做的事情做了，與題意不符。13A句意為：數(shù)據(jù)表明很有可能還有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間全球經(jīng)濟(jì)才開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇。may well很有可能，有充分的理由，符合本題題意。should，can，must不能和well搭配使用。故選A項(xiàng)。14C句意為：如果突然之間有大的聲響，這個(gè)睡著的孩子會(huì)被嚇著的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及would be scared可以判斷出，此處的假設(shè)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。因此從句可以使用should do結(jié)構(gòu)。另外should提前，if可以被省略。故選C項(xiàng)。should there be.if there should be.。15C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：露西看起來(lái)很沮喪。她不可能通過(guò)了駕照考試。這已經(jīng)是她第二次沒(méi)有考過(guò)了。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知她第二次駕考失敗，故推斷出她看起來(lái)沮喪一定是因?yàn)闆](méi)有通過(guò)駕考，cant have done表示“過(guò)去不可能做某事”，故選C。16D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can“有時(shí)會(huì)，可能”，表示客觀上的可能性。17B考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第一個(gè)空advice后跟的同位語(yǔ)從句常用sb.should do sth.，should可省略；第二個(gè)空if only表示“要是就好了”，因是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。18C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你知道戴維德去哪里了嗎？他不在辦公室。嗯，他不可能走遠(yuǎn)他的衣服還在這里。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處是對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的否定猜測(cè)，用cant have done，答案選C。19A考查虛擬條件句中的省略倒裝。在虛擬條件句中，可以省略引導(dǎo)詞if，把were/should/had提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。本句的完整形式是if there should be a sudden loud explosion。20B考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為：我本想?yún)⒓又袊?guó)好聲音的決賽，但是第一輪就被淘汰了。主句是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，故謂語(yǔ)用would have done，意為“本想做某事(但實(shí)際卻未做)”。故選B。