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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 完型填空 專題三 議論文素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx南京鹽城質(zhì)檢二]Why do young adult children bee independent so much later than they did in 1970,when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased perpupil expenditures (花銷) not __1__ higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of todays kids so poor when __2__ with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do todays __3__ bee defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school? The answer in two words: parental __4__. Those two words best summarize the __5__ between “old” child raising and new, post1960s parenting. Then, the overall philosophy was that parents were not to be __6__ involved with their kids. They were available __7__ crisis, but they stood a (an) __8__ distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trialanderror process. It was the childs __9__， back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was __10__ children learned to be responsible and determined. Todays parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are __11__ when it es to an understanding of their purpose in their kids lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; __12__， the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are __13__. University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parents participation in childrens academics. Their conclusions __14__ what Ive been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework __15__ a childs academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests. Parents who manage a childs social life interfere with the __16__ of good social skills. Parents who manage a childs afterschool activities grow kids who dont know how to __17__ their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids, __18__ with peers grow kids who dont know how to avoid much less trouble. These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and dont want to leave their __19__. And their parents, when the time es, dont know how to __20__ being parents. You can imagine what will bee of their future. 本文是一篇關(guān)于家庭教育的文章。作者主要論證了撫養(yǎng)孩子不應(yīng)該再是自己父母的事，隔代培養(yǎng)不利于孩子的成長。 1．A.counted on B．resulted in C．touched on D．taken in 答案：B　本空考查動詞短語基本含義的辨析。count on“依賴”；result in“導(dǎo)致，造成”；touch on“談及，涉及”；take in“吸收”。根據(jù)句意判斷，“為什么縮減的班級規(guī)模和增加的每個學(xué)生個人消費沒有達(dá)到更高的學(xué)業(yè)成功水平”。故選B。 2.A.associated B．linked C．pared D．matched 答案：C　本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。associate“聯(lián)系”；link“聯(lián)系”；pare“比較”；match“相配”。和20世紀(jì)60年代或以前相比，孩子的心靈那么脆弱。be pared with“和……相比”。故選C。 3.A.parents B．a(chǎn)dolescents C．psychologists D．youths 答案：A　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。parents“父母親”；adolescents“成年人”；psychologists“心理學(xué)家”；youths“年輕人”。根據(jù)空后的defensive有保護(hù)意識的，應(yīng)是父母親。故選A。 4.A.assistance B．protection C．involvement D．preference 答案：C　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。assistance“幫助”；protection“保護(hù)”；involvement“卷入”；preference“偏愛”。與下文的involved對應(yīng)。故選C。 5.A.differences B．similarities C．choices D．relations 答案：A　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。differences“不同”；similarities“相似性”；choices“選擇”；relations“關(guān)系”。“這兩個單詞最好地總結(jié)了古老的孩子撫養(yǎng)和新的、60后的父母撫養(yǎng)之間的不同?！惫蔬xA。 6.A.slightly B．passively C．highly D．fairly 答案：C　本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。slightly“輕輕地”；passively“被動地”；highly“高度地”；fairly“相當(dāng)，很”。Be highly involved with“高度參與”。故選C。 7.A.in case of B．in spite of C．in view of D．in fear of 答案：A　本空考查介詞短語基本含義的辨析。in case of“避免，萬一”；in spite of“盡管”；in view of“鑒于”；in fear of“害怕”。根據(jù)句意：他們隨叫隨到，以免出現(xiàn)危急時刻。故選A。 8.A.equal B．safe C．long D．short 答案：B　本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。equal“平等的”；safe“安全的”；long“長的”；short“短的”。a safe distance“安全的距離”。故選B。 9.A.fault B．turn C．job D．a(chǎn)ttitude 答案：C　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。fault“瑕疵，錯誤”；turn“次序”；job“工作”；attitude“態(tài)度”。“讓父母們別卷進(jìn)來，是孩子的工作(職責(zé))”。故選C。 10.A.when B．how C．why D．what 答案：B　本空考查表語從句的用法?？蘸蟮谋碚Z從句中缺少方式狀語，故選B。 11.A.confused B．disappointed C．a(chǎn)mazed D．satisfied 答案：A　本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。confused“混淆不清的”；disappointed“感到失望的”；amazed“感到驚奇的”；satisfied“感到滿足的”?！斑@些就是那些當(dāng)談及他們在孩子生活中的目的時迷惑不解的父母們?！惫蔬xA。 12.A.however B．still C．yet D．thus 答案：D　本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。however“盡管如此”；still“還”；yet“還”；thus“這樣，也就是說”?？蘸蟮膁efensiveness就是解釋前文的“personalize everything that happens to their kids”。故選D。 13.A.unreasonable B．changeable C．understandable D．a(chǎn)voidable 答案：C　本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。unreasonable“不合情理的”；changeable“可改變的”；understandable“可理解的”；avoidable“可避免的”。與該句的狀語部分given...相對應(yīng)，應(yīng)是“可理解的?！惫蔬xC。 14.A.confirmed B．convinced C．realized D．reflected 答案：A　本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。confirm“確認(rèn)”；convince“使……相信”；realize“實現(xiàn)，意識到”；reflect“反映”。此處作者用這個大學(xué)的研究分析來支持自己的觀點，故選A。 15.A.decides B．lowers C．helps D．stimulates 答案：B　本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。decide“決定”；lower“降低”；help“幫助”；stimulate“積累”。根據(jù)前文作者反對父母對孩子照顧過多，父母般的對孩子照顧降低了孩子學(xué)業(yè)上的成就。故選B。 16.A.appearance B．performance C．establishment D．development 答案：D　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。appearance“出現(xiàn)，表情”；performance“表演”；establishment“建立”；development“發(fā)展”。the development of good social skills“良好社交技能的發(fā)展”。故選D。 17.A.value B．devote C．fill D．save 答案：C　本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。value“估價，重視”；devote“投入”；fill“充滿”；save“挽救”。根據(jù)句意：“管理孩子課外生活的父母養(yǎng)大不知道如何充實自己自由時間的孩子”，故選C。 18.Amunication B．conflicts C．cooperation D．petitions 答案：B　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。munication“交流”；conflicts“沖突”；cooperation“合作”；petitions“比賽，競爭”。此處指孩子和父母之間在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面觀點的沖突，故選B。 19.A.home B．school C．career D．profession 答案：A　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。home“家”；school“學(xué)業(yè)，學(xué)?！保籧areer“職業(yè)”；profession“專職”?！坝薪箲]和各種各樣的恐懼的孩子不想離開家，因為他們害怕遇到挫折?！惫蔬xA。 20.A.start B．ignore C．consider D．stop 答案：D　本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。start“開始”；ignore“忽視”；consider“考慮”；stop“停止”?！案改競円膊恢廊绾瓮Ｖ棺龈改?，做回自己。”故選D。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 [xx泉州五校摸底]You may have been told before not to be afraid of anything. Fear is often associated with weakness. Fear is something to be avoided. But thats not true, according to Time For Kids magazine. Fear can be good for us. Fear tells us about danger. Without fear, we wouldnt know to run away from a tiger or step back from a cliff (懸崖)． In a study published in the Justice Quarterly journal in August, researchers from Michigan State University said that a healthy fear of crime keeps teenagers away from potentially dangerous people, places, and activities. Fear makes us jump, scream and sweat. But interestingly, sometimes we make ourselves feel fear on purpose. Think about scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride (過山車)． Margee Kerr, a US sociologist, explained why to Time For Kids. Fear fills our brain with healthy chemicals， especially endorphins and dopamine, and these things create feelings of happiness and excite us, according to Kerr. In addition, when youre scared， your body produces a chemical which helps people bond_with each other. “Watch people walking out of a haunted house (鬼屋), and youll see lots of smiles and high fives (擊掌)，” Kerr told Time For Kids. That also explains why schools and panies organize challenging trips and physical activities to build up team spirit. People experience and deal with fear in different ways. If you happen to be a “coward” who gets scared easily, dont worry. There is some evidence that being scared can help a person manage stressful situations. Kerr said that things like giving a report in front of your class or performing in a school play help build a sort of endurance (忍耐力) to fear that makes us more confident. “You bee more fortable with the physical experience of fear, and so youre better able to work through it during tense situations，” said Kerr. So learn to love your fear. It only grows when we forget how helpful our fear is trying to be. 本文主要講述了人們?yōu)楹螘a(chǎn)生恐懼。它告訴我們，恐懼有時會幫助我們成功解決環(huán)境的壓力，所以我們要學(xué)會愛上自己的恐懼，把不利轉(zhuǎn)化為有利。 1．Whats the best title for the passage? A．Ways to Build up Team Spirit B．Fear, a Sign of Weakness C．Love Your Fear D．Different Ways to Deal With Fear 答案：C　考查主旨大意。通讀全文，特別是最后一段，可以看出作者的觀點是人應(yīng)該先愛上自己的恐慌，然后坦然面對。故選C。 2．Which of the following is True according to the passage? A．Fear is harmful to our health. B．Fear is something to be avoided. C．Experiencing fear helps us to build a sort of endurance to fear. D．People who get scared easily have no chances to get changed. 答案：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文中第一段“Fear is something to be avoided. But thats not true...”“Fear can be good for us.”和倒數(shù)第二段“...help build a sort of endurance (忍耐力) to fear...”可知答案，故選C。 3．The underlined phrase “bond with” is closest in meaning to ________. A．get closer to B．fight against C．look down upon D．be more careful with 答案：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。A項，get closer to“接近”；B項，fight against“反抗”；C項，look down upon“瞧不起”；D項，be more careful with“對……更小心/仔細(xì)”。根據(jù)文中“That also explains why schools and panies organize challenging trips and physical activities to build up team spirit.”可知是讓人走的更近，故判斷選A。 4．Which of the following is Not mentioned to experience fear? A．Read scary books or see scary movies. B．Take a scary roller coaster ride. C．Attend challenging trips or physical activities. D．Take some medicine containing endorphins and dopamine. 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中第二段最后一句“...scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride (過山車)．”和第四段“...schools and panies organize challenging trips and physical activities...”，故選D。 1．scream n．/vi. 尖叫；尖叫聲 2．chemical n．/adj. 化學(xué)的；化學(xué)物質(zhì) 3．scared adj. 害怕的；恐懼的 4．physical adj. 物理的；身體的 5．helpful adj.有幫助的；有益的 1．be associated with 與……有關(guān)系 2．on purpose 故意地　　3.build up 增進(jìn)；加強(qiáng) 原文：There is some evidence that being scared can help a person manage stressful situations. (同位語從句) 譯文：有證據(jù)表明，害怕能幫助一個人處理緊張的形勢。 仿寫：There is no doubt _that_to_study_abroad_gives_you_an_ excellent_opportunity_to_learn_English. 毫無疑問，出國學(xué)習(xí)給你提供了一個學(xué)好英語的極佳機(jī)會。 B [xx河北邯鄲質(zhì)檢一]A Hong Kong Disneyland park admission ticket is your passport to a full day of magical adventures. Learn the ways to buy your tickets now. Three types of 1Day ticket are available： Ticket Type Price General Admission Ticket (aged 12～64) HK $499 Child Ticket (aged 3～11) HK $355 Senior Ticket (aged 65 or above) HK $100 Free admission for children aged under 3. Book Online Now Purchase tickets conveniently through our website, then pick up your tickets starting from 1 hour after you have purchased online. Purchase Tickets Directly at Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express You can purchase tickets at the Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express, conveniently located at the MTR Hong Kong Station. Open from 9：00 a．m.～8：00 p．m. on Monday to Friday and from 9：00 a．m.～5：00 p．m. on Saturdays, Sundays and Public Holidays. Purchase 2 Park Tickets at one of the following locations and receive a FREE limitededition Disney gift： ●Avenue of Stars Kiosks You can purchase tickets at Avenue of Stars Kiosks in Tsim Sha Tsui. Open daily from 9：00 a．m.～10：30 p．m.. ●Asia WorldExpo Box Office You can purchase tickets at Asia WorldExpo Box Office. Open Mondays to Fridays from 10：00 a．m.～6：00 p．m.. Reserve Tickets for Hotel Guest As a hotel Guest of Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel or Disneys Hollywood Hotel, Park tickets are reserved for your purchase at front desk. Open daily from 9：00 a．m.～8：00 p．m.. Buy at Hong Kong Disneyland Main Entrance Guests can purchase tickets on the day of their visit at the Main Entrance Ticket Booths or Guest Relations Windows. Open daily from 30 minutes before Park opening until Park closes. 本文主要講的是香港迪斯尼樂園的營業(yè)時間和票價，是廣告類題材。 5．In which place can you get a free gift for buying two tickets? A．Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express. B．Hong Kong Disneyland Main Entrance. C．Asia WorldExpo Box Office. D．Disneys Hollywood Hotel. 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中句子“Purchase 2 Park Tickets at one of the following locations and receive a FREE limitededition Disney gift.”可知答案選C。 6．For a young couple with a 2yearold kid spending a day in the park, they have to pay at least ________. A．HK $499 B．HK $854 C．HK $998 D．HK $1,353 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章可知12～64歲，每人499美元，三歲以下免費，一對年輕夫婦和兩歲的孩子一天共花費：499＋499＝998，故答案選C。 7．To buy tickets at Hong Kong Disneyland Ticket Express on Sundays, you have to get there before ________. A．5：00 p．m. B．6：00 p．m. C．8：00 p．m. D．10：30 p．m. 答案：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章中句子Open from 9：00 a．m.～8：00 p．m. on Monday to Friday and from 9：00 a．m.～5：00 p．m. on Saturdays, Sundays and Public Holidays.可知在周日售票時間最晚是下午5點，故答案選A，在五點之前必須到達(dá)。 1．a(chǎn)dmission n．準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn) 2．a(chǎn)vailable adj.可獲得的；可購得的 1．the way to do 做……的方法 2．pick up 拿起；拾起 原文：Purchase tickets conveniently through our website, then pick up your tickets starting from 1 hour after you have purchased online.(祈使句) 譯文：可以通過我們的網(wǎng)站很方便地購票，然后距你在網(wǎng)上購票一小時就可以拿到票了。 仿寫：e_in_and_shut_the_door. 進(jìn)來吧，把門關(guān)上。 Ⅲ.語法填空 [xx黑龍江哈六中二模]British families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19th century. The __1__ (invent) of the railways made this possible. The first holidaymakers __2__ (be) quite rich and went for their health and education. The seaside was a place to cure people of illness. And doctors remended bathing in the sea and drinking sea water. At that time ordinary working people had very little time off work. __3__， in 1871, the government introduced for “Bank Holidays”， that is national holidays. This allowed people __4__ (have) a day or two out now and then, __5__ gave them a taste for leisure and seaside. At first, they went on a day trip, taking advantage __6__ special trip tickets on the railways. By the 1880s, __7__ (rise) ines meant that many ordinary workers and their families could have holiday at the seaside. Welfare was reduced and cheap hotels __8__ (build) for them. Holidaymakers enjoy __9__ (sit) on the beach, bathing in the sea and eating ice cream. Cheap entertainment was an offer and holidaymakers went to have fun. Today __10__ English seaside remains popular with more than 18 million people taken there each year. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 本文講述的是英國的假期的由來。 1．invention　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。冠詞與介詞之間應(yīng)為名詞，故填invention。 2．were　考查動詞時態(tài)。句中無謂語，且與and連接的went并列，故填were。 3．However　考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合句意，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案是However。 4．to have　考查非謂語動詞用法。由“allow sb. to do sth.”可知，此處填不定式。 5．which　考查定語從句。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語指物，故填which。 6．of　考查固定短語。take advantage of“利用”。 7．rising　考查非謂語動詞作主語。分析句子成分可知，此處缺少主語。 8．were built　考查動詞語態(tài)。本句中缺少謂語，build與hotels之間為被動關(guān)系，全文是一般過去時態(tài)，故用were built。 9．sitting　考查動名詞作賓語。enjoy doing sth.“喜歡做某事”。 10．the　考查冠詞的用法。名詞前通常加冠詞等限定語，結(jié)合語境可知，English seaside為特指，故填the。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 [xx江西南昌一模]Im going to study in the senior middle school on September. I can live either at school and at home. But I cant decide because both has advantages and disadvantages. At home, I have my own room, but I can have a good sleep. However, I have to share one room with 5－6 student at school. Maybe I cant sleep good. Its a problem. Although I can have better food at home, I enjoy eat with my classmates. I think its a great fun and I can make more friends. If I live at home, Ill have ride to school. Its a waste of time and not safely. Its so hard to make a decision. 答案： Im going to study in the senior middle school September. I can live either at school at home. But I cant decide because both advantages and disadvantages. At home, I have my own room, I can have a good sleep. However, I have to share one room with 5－6 at school. Maybe I cant sleep . Its a problem. Although I can have better food at home, I enjoy with my classmates. I think its great fun and I can make more friends. If I live at home, Ill have ride to school. Its a waste of time and not . Its so hard to make a decision.