2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第二部分 語法 專題十 形容詞與副詞.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第二部分 語法 專題十 形容詞與副詞 考點1 形容詞與副詞的語境辨析 1.I’m so________to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(xx安徽,26) A.special B.superior C.grateful D.a(chǎn)ttractive 2.They gave money to the old people’s home either________or through their panies.(xx安徽,31) A.legally B.sincerely C.personally D.deliberately 3.It was ________ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(xx福建,23) A.careless B.considerate C.patient D.generous 4.Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food es from,understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________ alive.(xx浙江,13) A.steadily B.instantly C.formerly D.permanently 5.Listening is thus an active,not a ________,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.(xx浙江,14) A.considerate B.sensitive C.reliable D.passive 6.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ review of the case.(xx江蘇,31) A.prehensive B.plicated C.conscious D.crucial 考點歸納 解決詞義辨析題的關(guān)鍵是牢記某些高頻詞的詞義,掌握詞義的有效辦法就是通過語境去記憶,通過背誦句子來記憶詞匯的音、形、義。 1.—Did he break it accidentally (=by accident/by chance)? —No,purposely (=on purpose). ——他是不小心把它打碎了? ——不是,是故意地。 2.Search your heart and ask if you’re equally to blame. 捫心自問你是不是同樣也應(yīng)該受到譴責。 3.I’m especially (=particularly) fond of pop songs. 我尤其喜歡流行音樂。 4.Eventually (=Finally),he made it. 他終于成功了。 自己創(chuàng)設(shè)語境牢記下列高考高頻詞匯: increasingly,largely,meanwhile,merely,pletely,partly,practically,rarely,accessible,accurate,adaptable,addicted,adorable,affordable,aggressive,alternative,apparent,artificial,available,casual,cautious,plex,confident,constant,contradictory,controversial,dramatic,effective,flexible,frequent,individual,inevitable,optional,permanent,potential,relevant,skeptical,secure,sensitive,responsible,subtle,transparent,unique等。 考點2 形容詞和副詞的比較等級 1.Andy is content with the toy.It is________ he has ever got.(xx四川,7) A.a(chǎn) better B.the better C.a(chǎn) best D.the best 2.This is by far________movie that I have ever seen.(xx遼寧,33) A.a(chǎn)n inspiring B.a(chǎn) much inspiring C.the most inspiring D.the more inspiring 3.Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a ________ boss.(xx大綱全國,17) A.better B.good C.best D.still better 考點歸納 1.否定詞與比較級連用表達最高級的意義。 I can’t agree more.我完全同意。 2.比較級+than any other+單數(shù)名詞/any of the other+復數(shù)名詞/the others/any of the others表示“某人/物比同一范圍的任何一個人/物都……”,含義是“某人(物)最……”。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China/than any of the other rivers in China. 長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。 3.在倍數(shù)表達結(jié)構(gòu)中,要把倍數(shù)放在比較結(jié)構(gòu)前。 At a rough estimate,Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算,尼日利亞的面積是大不列顛的3倍。 4.比較級前可用still,much,even,far,a lot,a bit,a great deal,以及分數(shù)、百分數(shù)等修飾,此時注意它們要放在比較級前。 You’re driving too fast.Can you drive a bit more slowly? 你開的太快了。你能開得慢些嗎? 考點3 常見的連接性副詞 1.Thanks for your directions to the house;we wouldn’t have found it ________.(xx江西,23) A.nowhere B.however C.otherwise D.instead 2.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,________,supply more jobs.(xx安徽,33) A.however B.a(chǎn)nywhere C.therefore D.otherwise 3.If what your friend es up with surprises you,don’t reject it immediately.________,imagine that it is true.(xx浙江,18) A.Thus B.Besides C.Rather D.Otherwise 4.What a terrible experience!________,you’re safe now—that’s the main thing.(xx江西,24) A.Anyway B.Besides C.Otherwise D.Therefore 考點歸納 1.表示增補:besides,further,then,similarly,likewise,moreover 2.表示等同:similarly,likewise,equally 3.表示對比:rather,oppositely 4.表示概括:altogether,generally 5.表示列舉:first(ly),second(ly),finally 6.表示條件:otherwise 7.表示讓步:however,still,yet,nevertheless,though,anyway 8.表示結(jié)果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus 9.表示時間過渡:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally 10.表示同位關(guān)系:namely 11.表示著重特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially 考點4 形容詞和副詞的一些固定表達 1.The idea “happiness,”________,will not sit still for easy definition.(xx江蘇,28) A.to be rigid B.to be sure C.to be perfect D.to be fair 2.—What did you do last weekend? —Oh,nothing ________.(xx大綱全國,35) A.much B.else C.ever D.yet 3.Tony can hardly boil an egg,still________cook dinner.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ,25) A.less B.little C.much D.more 考點歸納 1.to be sure誠然,無疑 to be rigid刻板地說,死板地說 to be perfect完美地說 to be fair公平而言 to be frank坦率地講 2.good/nice and...很,非常,完全 3.much less=still less(承接前述否定內(nèi)容)更不用說 still more還有更多;更進一步 4.so much the better那樣更好 for better or (for) worse不論是好是壞,不論是福是禍 5.Not a/one (little) bit!一點也不! 6.last but not least=last but by no means least最后但同樣很重要的是 解題方法 方法1 形容詞詞義辨析法 形容詞的考查在高考試題中比較多,具體在解答試題時要根據(jù)具體的語境辨析所給選項。 (1)In this lecture,I can only give you a purely_________view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A.private B.personal C.unique D.different 答案 B 解析 由語境可知,此處表示個人觀點,故用personal。personal view個人觀點。 (2)Mistakes don’t just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake bees ________. A.favourable B.precious C.essential D.worthwhile 答案 D 解析 worthwhile表示“值得的,有價值的”,此處表示犯錯誤是值得的。favourable喜愛的,贊同的;precious珍貴的;essential本質(zhì)的。 方法2 副詞詞義辨析法 副詞的考查在高考試題中比較多,具體在解答試題時要根據(jù)具體的語境辨析所給選項。具體來說,要注意:1)一些副詞的具體含義;2)一些副詞在具體句子中的辨析。 (1)—Volunteering is being ________ popular in China. —Yeah,people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A.naturally B.successfully C.splendidly D.increasingly 答案 D 解析 句意為:——志愿活動現(xiàn)在在中國變得越來越受歡迎了。——是的,人們現(xiàn)在開始意識到幫助別人就是幫助他們自己。naturally自然地,理所當然地;successfully成功地;splendidly華麗地,壯觀地;increasingly漸增地。由句意知選D項。 (2)Do you think shopping online will ________ take the place of shopping in stores? A.especially B.frequently C.merely D.finally 答案 D 解析 especially 特別,尤其;frequently經(jīng)常;merely僅僅;finally最終。句意為:你認為網(wǎng)上購物最終會替代商場購物嗎?故選D項。 強化練(十) 形容詞與副詞 (建議用時:12分鐘) 1.—Do you think he is the only person for the job? —I’m not sure but he’ll prove ________ to the task.(xx南京、鹽城二模,24) A.equal B.essential C.special D.superior 2.It seemed an impossible task,but Tom,though physically challenged,carried on ________,until it was pletely fulfilled.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模,33) A.instead B.yet C.regardless D.still 3.—Did you stay at the party until the very end last night? —No,I left as early as I was ________ with politeness.(xx南京、鹽城一模,26) A.content B.consistent C.patient D.permanent 4.—Your argument is ________.I won’t let you pass. —Are you kidding?(xx南京三模,21) A.sound B.rational C.liberal D.plain 5.In this moviegoing season,women are driving ticket sales to a degree,________,if ever,seen before.(xx南京三模,23) A.really B.frequently C.rarely D.never 6.The talks on Iran’s nuclear issue have entered a ________ final stage when all the parties involved are trying to strike a prehensive deal.(xx徐州三模,24) A.concrete B.crucial C.consistent D.contrary 7.The keeper of the spring cleared away the leaves and branches,and wiped away the silt(淤泥) that would ________ have choked and polluted the fresh flow of water.(xx江蘇百校聯(lián)考,25) A.thus B.otherwise C.therefore D.later 8.In China people believe in the saying “out of debt,out of pressure”;however in the west it is just the ________ —when you are in debt,you are trustworthy and financially capable.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模,23) A.objective B.opposite C.contrary D.contradictory 9.—How do you find the performances done by those petitors? —Nothing special,except for the bilingual speech,which is really exciting and dramatic. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word?(xx鎮(zhèn)江零模,35) A.impressive B.emotional C.theatrical D.noticeable 10.The point is that you should be happy with what you already have and not risk losing it by being ________ and trying to get more. A.cautious B.considerate C.sensitive D.greedy 11.Work must be defined as purposeful activity rather than ________ as activity for economic gain. A.scarcely B.rarely C.merely D.fairly 12.When asked why they use pirated CDs and puter software,many people said that the ________ versions cost too much. A.a(chǎn)rtificial B.a(chǎn)uthentic C.a(chǎn)dequate D.a(chǎn)vailable 13.Alex has been in China for quite a few years.________,he speaks fluent Chinese. A.Especially B.Frequently C.Surprisingly D.Consequently 14.The acting is so ________ that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. A.enthusiastic B.fundamental C.convincing D.optimistic 15.Although she had been ill for a long time,it still came as a shock when she ________ died. A.eventually B.willingly C.unexpectedly D.disappointedly 16.The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a ________ show. A.living B.live C.a(chǎn)live D.lived 17.Each spring the apple tree in my garden blossoms so ________ that the air bees filled with the sweet of apple. A.a(chǎn)bundantly B.a(chǎn)pproximately C.a(chǎn)pparently D.a(chǎn)utomatically 18.A ________ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from Bank of China. A.beneficial B.perfect C.valid D.flexible 19.________,the search engine just gave me some brief introductions rather than the whole content of the book to read. A.Luckily B.Mostly C.Funnily D.Disappointingly 20.There are many sayings in English urging us to be ________.For example,“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” and “Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.” A.a(chǎn)mbitious B.cautious C.merciful D.punctual 學生用書答案精析 專題十 形容詞與副詞 考點1 1.C [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:我非常感激所有那些志愿者,因為他們幫我愉快地結(jié)束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的;superior優(yōu)越的;grateful感激的;attractive有吸引力的。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是在向志愿者表達感激之情,故選C。] 2.C [考查副詞辨析。句意為:他們或者親自或者通過他們的公司給敬老院送錢。legally合法地,法律上;sincerely真誠地;personally親自,當面,個別地,就自己而言;deliberately故意地,謹慎地,慎重地。根據(jù)through their panies可知personally為正確答案。] 3.B [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:Michael通知我們他要遲一會兒以防我們擔心,他想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)。careless粗心的;considerate考慮周到的;patient有耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。] 4.C [考查副詞辨析。句意為:我們大多數(shù)人,如果對食物來源多少知道一點點的話,就會明白我們嘴里的每一口食物從前都是有生命的。formerly以前,從前,符合語境。steadily穩(wěn)固地,堅定地,不動搖地;instantly立刻,馬上;permanently永久地,長期不變地。] 5.D [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:聆聽是一種積極的行為,而不是被動的接受,它包括聽、理解和記憶。passive被動的,消極的,與前面的active對應(yīng)。considerate體貼的,體諒的;sensitive易受傷害的,易受影響的,敏感的;reliable可靠的,可信賴的。] 6.A [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:警官們決定對該案件進行一次徹底、詳盡的審查。prehensive綜合的,詳盡的;plicated復雜的;conscious有意識的;crucial至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)and判斷,所填詞和thorough(徹底的,細致的)意思相近,故選A項。] 考點2 1.D [考查形容詞的最高級。句意為:Andy對這個玩具很滿意。這是他得到的最好的玩具。根據(jù)he has ever got可以推知這是“他得到的最好的玩具”,故選D。] 2.C [考查形容詞最高級。句意為:這是我所看過的電影中最激勵人的一部。by far表示“……得多,最”,用來修飾比較級和最高級。根據(jù)定語從句“我所看過的”可知,此處應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級形式。] 3.A [句意為:為史蒂文森先生工作非常好——我實在找不到一位比他更好的老板了。否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級含義。] 考點3 1.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。nowhere無處;however然而;otherwise否則,要不然;instead反而。句意為:謝謝你為我們指路,要不然我們找不到那所房子。故C項正確。] 2.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:我們希望的是,我們能在市場發(fā)揮更大作用,因此,提供更多的就業(yè)機會。however然而,表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;anywhere無論何處,表條件;therefore因此,表因果關(guān)系;otherwise否則,表相反的結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意選C。] 3.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。rather表示“相反”,即“先不要拒絕,相反把它想象成真的”。thus因此;besides除此之外還有;otherwise否則,均不合題意。故此題選C項。] 4.A [考查副詞詞義辨析。anyway無論怎樣,不管怎樣;besides此外,而且;otherwise否則,要不然的話;therefore因此,所以。句意為:多么恐怖的經(jīng)歷?。〔还茉鯓?,你現(xiàn)在安全了,這才是最重要的。根據(jù)句意可知A項符合題意。] 考點4 1.B [考查動詞不定式短語意義辨析。to be rigid刻板地說,死板地說;to be sure誠然,的確,無可否認;to be perfect完美地說,說得完美些;to be fair公平而言,說句公道話。本句主干是The idea “happiness” will not sit still for easy definition.,其意思是:給“幸?!边@一概念下定義遠非易事。根據(jù)四個動詞不定式短語的意義和句子主干的意思,我們可以選擇B項to be sure。綜合考慮可知題干句意為:誠然,給“幸福”這一概念下定義遠非易事。] 2.A [句意為:——上周末你干什么了?——哦,沒(干)什么事。nothing much和nothing else是固定短語,nothing much意為“沒什么事”,nothing else意為“沒有別的東西,沒有別的事情”;nothing不和ever構(gòu)成固定短語,但可以一起用在句中,表示“沒有什么事情曾經(jīng)……”;nothing和yet也不能構(gòu)成固定短語,但也可以同時出現(xiàn)在句中。由語境可知,此處顯然是表示“沒什么事”,故A項正確。] 3.A [考查副詞比較級。句意為:Tony幾乎連雞蛋都不會煮,更不必說做晚餐了。句中hardly提示Tony不會做飯,still后跟比較級用來加強語氣,此處表示“更不必說”。] 二輪專題強化練答案精析 強化練(十) 形容詞與副詞 1.A [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:——你認為他是這項工作的唯一人選嗎?——我不確定,但是他終會勝任這個任務(wù)。essential必不可少的;special特別的;superior (在級別、職位上)較高的,(在質(zhì)量等方面)更好的。equal(能力、勇氣等)勝任的,能應(yīng)付的,相當?shù)?,平等的,符合題意,故選A項。] 2.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:這似乎是一項不可能完成的任務(wù),但是盡管湯姆有身體上的缺陷,他還是不加理會,照常進行,直到完全完成任務(wù)。instead代替,反而;yet還不,還沒;still仍然。regardless不顧,不加理會,carry on regardless不加理會,照常進行,符合題意,故選C項。] 3.B [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:——你昨晚一直待到聚會結(jié)束了嗎?——沒有,在不失禮節(jié)的情況下,我盡早離開了。content滿意的;consistent與……一致的,符合的,be consistent with sth.與某事物相一致;patient耐心的;permanent永遠的。根據(jù)句意,盡管是盡早離開晚會,但是那時離開不算失禮,故選B項。] 4.D [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:——你的論據(jù)太普通了。我不會讓你通過的?!阍陂_玩笑吧?sound合理的,正確的;rational理智的,有理性的;liberal自由的,開明的,均為褒義詞,與句意不符。plain極普通的,平庸的,符合題意,故選D項。] 5.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:在這個電影季,婦女在一定程度上推動了票房,這種情況以前如果有,也是很少見的。really真正地;frequently頻繁地;never從來沒有,與if ever不相符。rarely罕有,很少,符合題意,故選C項。] 6.B [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:伊朗核問題談判已經(jīng)進入了關(guān)鍵性的最后階段,在這一階段所有參與方都努力達成全面協(xié)議。concrete具體的;crucial關(guān)鍵性的;consistent一致的;contrary相反的。根據(jù)語境crucial符合題意,故選B項。] 7.B [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:泉水管理員把樹葉和樹枝清理掉,還清除了淤泥,不然的話這些淤泥會堵住并污染新鮮的水流。thus因此;therefore因此;later后來;otherwise否則,不然的話,符合語境。故選B項。] 8.B [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:在中國人們相信這樣的話:無債一身輕。然而在西方卻恰恰相反,你負債,說明你值得信任并且有經(jīng)濟能力。objective客觀的;opposite相反的,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為it is just the opposite;contrary相反的,對立的,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為on the contrary;contradictory矛盾的。根據(jù)中國人和西方人相信的兩句話的含義可知,中國人和西方人的觀念是恰恰相反的,再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),故選B項。] 9.A [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:——你覺得那些參賽者的表演如何?——沒什么特別的,除了那個雙語演講,這很令人興奮和引人注目。下面哪個選項的含義與畫線詞的意義最相近?答話者對這些表演不屑一顧,但是認為雙語演講很令人興奮和……。impressive令人印象深刻的;emotional情感的;theatrical戲劇性的;noticeable顯而易見的。dramatic應(yīng)與exciting在意義上是并列的,用impressive“令人印象深刻的”,符合題意。故選A項。] 10.D [句意為:關(guān)鍵是應(yīng)該對你已經(jīng)擁有的東西感到滿足,而不是冒著失去它的風險貪婪地想要得到更多。cautious小心的,謹慎的;considerate考慮周到的;sensitive敏感的;greedy貪婪的。根據(jù)句意可知選D。] 11.C [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:工作必須被定義為有目的的活動,而不僅僅是為了經(jīng)濟收益的活動。merely僅僅,符合題意。scarcely幾乎不;rarely很少地;fairly相當?shù)?。] 12.B [考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為:當被問到他們?yōu)槭裁从帽I版CD和電腦軟件的時候,很多人都回答說正版花費太多。authentic真正的,authentic version正版,符合題意。artificial人工的;adequate充足的;available可得到的。] 13.D [考查副詞詞義辨析。句意為:Alex在中國好多年了,因此他漢語說得很流利。根據(jù)句意,前后句存在因果關(guān)系,故選consequently“因此,所以”。especially特別,尤其;frequently經(jīng)常地;surprisingly驚奇地。] 14.C [句意為:他的表演是如此令人信服以至于使你相信這是他吃過的最豐盛的一餐。convincing令人信服的,符合句意。enthusiastic熱情的;fundamental基礎(chǔ)的;optimistic樂觀的。] 15.A [考查副詞辨析。句意為:盡管她已病了很久,但是她最終的辭世對我們來說仍然是個打擊。根據(jù)主從句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可以判斷,eventually “最后”符合語境。willingly自動地,情愿地;unexpectedly出人意料地;disappointedly失望地,均不符合句意。故選A。] 16.B [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:今晚這么多人坐在電視機前是因為將有一場現(xiàn)場直播。living活著的,在使用的;live現(xiàn)場直播的,現(xiàn)場演出的;alive有生命的,還活著的;lived是live的過去式。根據(jù)語境可知選B。] 17.A [考查副詞辨析。句意為:每年春天,我花園里的蘋果樹開花開得如此多以至于空氣中彌漫著蘋果的甜味。abundantly “大量地,豐富地”符合題意。approximately大約;apparently明顯地;automatically自動地。] 18.C [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:當你從中國銀行購買外匯時,需要合法有效的證件。valid “合法有效的”符合題意。beneficial有益的;perfect完美的;flexible靈活的,有彈性的。] 19.D [考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)句意,這個搜索引擎只給了我一些簡單介紹而不是要讀的整本書的全部內(nèi)容的介紹,故而感到失望,disappointingly “令人失望地”符合題意。luckily幸運地;mostly主要地,大部分地;funnily有趣地,滑稽地。] 20.B [考查形容詞辨析。句意為:英語中有很多諺語是督促我們要謹慎,例如,“不要把你的雞蛋放在一個籃子里。”和“在孵出來之前不要數(shù)你的小雞。”ambitious有野心的;cautious謹慎的;merciful仁慈的;punctual守時的。由句意可知選B項。]- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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