Unit 6When was it invented ?Section A Reading 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (Passive Voice)結(jié)構(gòu): be + V-p.p.am / are / is +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞was / were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): Many people speak English. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))English is spoken by many peopleThe naughty boy broke the window yesterday. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday. We bought some books. 主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Some books were bought ( by us ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過去式 賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞+ 賓語(yǔ) 主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：1. 把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。2. 把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3. 原主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4. 其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種句型 肯定句 主語(yǔ) + be + 過去分詞 + (by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.2 否定句 主語(yǔ) + be + not +過去分詞 + (by)3 一般疑問句 Be + 主語(yǔ) +過去分詞 + (by)? A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4 特殊疑問句 疑問詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) +過去分詞 + (by)?Where was a sweet song sung by her? 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用:（1） 不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒 有必要知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 這座房子太舊了，它是1950年建的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時(shí)候通車? （2） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象即賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。 H e was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比賽中獲得了第一。 有時(shí)為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者,這時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。You are requested to give a performance. 請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。（3） When was the car invented?It was invented in 1885.Who were they invented by?They were invented by Julie Thompson.What are they used for?They are used for seeing in the dark.Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts. 一般講，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，重點(diǎn)是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例如下： 1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般過去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): was / were + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 H is desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. H ow delicious the soup is! Who cooked it? It was cooked by Mom. What a beautiful card it is! Who made it?It was made by H ow clean the clothes are! Who washed them?They were washed by 2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.My camera was stolen from my hotel room (by somebody) . 3. Where did you take these photos?Where were these photos taken?4a Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.We were advised by our parents not to go out alone.The book was translated into different languages by different writers. 1. H e wrote an article last week. An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.H istory is made by the people.把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。 Exercise. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. - Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. - It _ in many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taughtD 2. We _ to close the windows before we left the lab. A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told3. - Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? - Yes. In fact, it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around. A. polluted B. was polluted C. has polluted D. will pollute D B . 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. My parents bought me a computer last week. 2. We often hear the girl sing happily in her room. The girl is often heard to sing happily (by us) in her room. A computer was bought for me by my parents last week. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The pizza was _ (make) by me. Would you like to have some?2. The G reat Wall is _ (know) all over the world.3. This story was _ (tell) by my grandmother last night.4. Was a new science museum _ (build) in your hometown last year?5. No student is _(see) in the playground. made known told built seen 6. H istory is _ by the people. ( make)7. H e is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)8. The book _ by him last year. ( write )9. The radio _ last week. (repair) madeaskedwas writtenwas repaired 4b Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box.The keyswere invited were broughtwas locked rangwere told brokewere eaten liked 4c Write the correct forms in the blanks.The keyswas invented was bornworked learnedwas invented was saidis used 將下列各句改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.H e saved a lot of money this summer. 2. We spend large sums of money each year in painting the steelwork of bridges.A lot of money was saved this summer.Large sums of money is spent each year in painting the steelwork of bridges. 【2017安徽蕪湖】42. These days students in some schools _ not to use mobile phones. A. ask B. askedC. are asked D. were asked 答案：C 【解析】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)students是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)these days可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【2017雅安】20. A lot of trees _ on the hill yesterday. A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been planted D. were planted答案： D 【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，用一般過去時(shí)，由trees和plant構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 （2017江蘇宿遷）We _ (ask) to help our parents do some housework every day. (2013山東威海)你能告訴我電話是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的嗎？ _. are / were askedCould / Can you tell me when the telephone was invented? 【2017江蘇南京】Yaxi, a quiet village in G anchun, _ Chinas first “Slow City” in November 2011. A. names B. named C. is named D. was named【2017湖北黃石】You have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock. A. isnt done B. wont be done C. doesnt do D. wasnt doneD A 【2017陜西】The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented【2017廣西南寧】 H an H ans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read DC 【2017河南】When Tim _ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asking【2017陜西】E very day, too much water _ in our school. We should save it. A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted AA 【2017杭州】To my great surprise, the famous athletes story _ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. reported C. was reporting D. reports【2017嘉興】 Tell me one thing youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosenAD