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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語法 專題八 名詞性從句 考點(diǎn)1　what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1．A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not________ships are built for.(xx安徽，25) A．what B．whom C．why D．when 2．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(xx浙江，6) A．what B．who C．that D．whoever 3．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(xx陜西，19) A．what B．that C．why D．how 4．—What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I’m not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.(xx江蘇，26) A．how B．what C．that D．who 考點(diǎn)歸納 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，what在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語等。 What can be done today can’t be put off till tomorrow. 今天能做的事不要推到明天去做(今日事今日畢)。 puters can only give out what has been stored in them. 計(jì)算機(jī)只能提供貯存在它里面的信息。 This is what we have been doing these days. 這就是我們近日來一直在做的事。 考點(diǎn)2　when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1．We must find out ________ Karl is ing，so we can book a room for him.(xx重慶，8) A．when B．how C．where D．why 2．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(xx北京，35) A．Where B．How C．Why D．When 3．The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.(xx四川，8) A．where B．why C．what D．which 4．________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(xx江蘇，25) A．That B．Why C．Where D．How 5．You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(xx湖南，26) A．what B．that C．where D．who 6．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s ________ I was born.”(xx四川，2) A．when B．how C．why D．where 考點(diǎn)歸納 連接副詞指的是既具有副詞的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又能引導(dǎo)從句的詞，主要有when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等。這些詞在從句中既作特定的成分，又有具體的含義，不能省略。大多數(shù)連接副詞表示疑問意義。 When we shall meet again is unknown. 我們何時(shí)才能再相見還不知道呢。(when引導(dǎo)主語從句，表示疑問) I don’t know how I can get out of such trouble. 我真不知道如何才能擺脫這種困境。(how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示疑問) This is where the accident happened. 這是事故發(fā)生的地方。(where引導(dǎo)表語從句，不表疑問) I have no idea why he left here. 我不知道他為什么離開這里。(why引導(dǎo)同位語從句，表示疑問) 考點(diǎn)3　連詞whether和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1．I truly believe ________ beauty es from within.(xx北京，33) A．that B．where C．what D．why 2．It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed mittee’s policy can be put into practice.(xx陜西，20) A．that B．which C．what D．whether 3．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(xx浙江，16) A．how B．that C．which D．whether 考點(diǎn)歸納 that，whether既不是連接代詞也不是連接副詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起到連接從句的功能。that沒有實(shí)際意義，而whether意為“是否”。 That you don’t like him is none of my business. 你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。(主語從句) It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(xx重慶，22) 老汽車站是否應(yīng)該被一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的賓館代替仍然在討論之中。(主語從句) I don’t know whether or not he will e. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來。(賓語從句) The fact is that we should depend on ourselves. 事實(shí)就是我們應(yīng)該依靠自己。(表語從句) We have some doubt whether they can plete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。(同位語從句) 考點(diǎn)4　whever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1．Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(xx北京，33) A．whatever B．whenever C．wherever D．however 2．________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.(xx江西，30) A．Whoever B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Wherever 3．We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(xx福建，35) A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever 考點(diǎn)歸納 whichever，whatever，whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，它們本身有詞義，既有連接從句的作用，又在從句中分別充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語成分。起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意思是“無論……，不管……”。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂部將給得勝者獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(賓語從句) I believe whatever he says. 我相信他所說的一切。(賓語從句) Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. 不論誰，要想達(dá)到一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)，就必須采取許多細(xì)小的步驟。(主語從句) 解題方法 方法1　位置判斷法 根據(jù)名詞性從句的句子特點(diǎn)及其所處的位置，判斷出屬于哪一種從句，從而確定連接詞的種類，也有助于對(duì)句子的理解。 What he said astonished us. 他所說的話使我們很驚奇。(從句在主語位置，為主語從句) Everything depends on whether you have enough money. 一切都看你是否有足夠多的錢。(從句在介詞后，作介詞的賓語，為賓語從句) The question is where we’ll go this Sunday. 問題是我們這周日去哪兒。(從句在is后，為表語從句) He expressed the hope that he would e to China again. 他表達(dá)了再來中國(guó)的愿望。(從句在抽象名詞后，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明，為同位語從句) (1)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A．Whether B．What C．That D．How 答案　B 解析　句意為：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。分析句子可知，________ some people regard as a drawback為主語從句，且從句中缺賓語，只能用what來引導(dǎo)；that引導(dǎo)主語從句不作成分。 (2)One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A．that B．how C．what D．why 答案　A 解析　系動(dòng)詞is之后是一個(gè)表語從句，而從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。 方法2　語序判斷法 一般來說，名詞性從句中(當(dāng)然不只是名詞性從句，其他從句也是如此)，從句的語序要用陳述語序，這樣也就很容易作答了。 When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ________. A．he is entering which lane B．which lane he is entering C．is he entering which lane D．which lane is he entering 答案　B 解析　which引導(dǎo)的句子作know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。 方法3　句子成分分析法 看從句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that，whether或if；缺成分就用wh類連接詞(包括how，because等)。 (1)We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture. A．that B．which C．what D．where 答案　D 解析　句意為：我們還沒有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里。分析句子可知，此題考查賓語從句。賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此選擇D。 (2)As a new graduate，he doesn’t know ________ it takes to start a business here. A．how B．what C．when D．which 答案　B 解析　句意為：作為一名新畢業(yè)生，他不知道需要什么才能在這里開始經(jīng)營(yíng)。空格后的賓語從句中takes是動(dòng)詞，其后缺少賓語，所以引導(dǎo)該賓語從句的連接詞要用what。 1．If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(xx安徽) 如果我能采訪他，我會(huì)問他，是什么讓他成為了宇航員以及他是如何訓(xùn)練的。 2．I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.(xx安徽) 我還想問他在太空的感受以及太空旅行是否和我在書上讀到的那樣有趣。 3．If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true，we can find the correct answer and learn more.(xx湖北) 如果我們養(yǎng)成質(zhì)疑我們所接受的東西是否真實(shí)的習(xí)慣，我們就能發(fā)現(xiàn)正確的答案并且會(huì)學(xué)到很多東西。 4．The reasons are as follows：(xx湖南) 理由如下： 5．I would appreciate it if I was offered with an opportunity to display my talent.(xx陜西) 如果提供給我一個(gè)展示才能的機(jī)會(huì)我將非常感激。 6．I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.(xx四川) 我從海報(bào)上得知你想提高你的普通話水平。 7．That’s why I am writing to you.(xx全國(guó)Ⅰ) 那就是我給你寫信的原因。 8．Firstly，it is an obvious sign that what I have done is appreciated by the teacher especially in public.(xx湖南) 首先，我的行為被老師當(dāng)眾贊賞是一個(gè)明顯的跡象。 提醒：完成作業(yè)　強(qiáng)化練(八)  強(qiáng)化練(八)強(qiáng)化練(八)　名詞性從句 (建議用時(shí)：12分鐘) 1．—How do you find the new cell phone? —Oh，quite good.A new function has been developed on this new type ________ it can show you vividly what is around the person you are talking to.(xx泰州二模，29) A．how B．which C．what D．that 2．The single most shattering statistic about life in America in the late 1990s was ________ tobacco killed more people than the bined total of those who died from AIDS，car accidents，alcohol，murder，suicide，illegal drugs and fire.(xx常州二模，27) A．what B．when C．that D．where 3．She is ________ is known as a nosy person—she is always dying to know what’s going on in others’ lives.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，28) A．what B．who C．whom D．that 4．Having a good mand of the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary，because language skills affect ________ you perform academically.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，28) A．how B．that C．what D．when 5．Now all of our concentration is on ________ it is that the global environment will return to normal.(xx南通、連云港二模，26) A．which B．what C．where D．when 6．—What is upsetting you，dear? —________ it is necessary for us to move our home to the city.(xx南通第二次調(diào)研，25) A．Why B．How C．That D．Whether 7．The question was frequently referred to at the conference ________ it is a good idea to build nuclear power plants in developed cities.(xx蘇北四市一模，29) A．why B．where C．that D．whether 8．—What impresses you most about Mrs.Flower’s garden，the flowers，the bushes or whatever? —________ the garden is laid out. A．Where B．How C．Because D．When 9．In the English language，sentence stress is like word stress and is ________ gives English its rhythm. A．when B．why C．that D．what 10．A project has recently been launched by the charity organization ________ people should donate books to remote mountainous schools. A．that B．what C．which D．a(chǎn)s 11．There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. A．that B．which C．what D．when 12．What I really doubt is ________ the western media，as they say，is really that objective and just. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 13．It is still a plete mystery ________ caused the accident. A．what B．how C．that D．where 14．There is no possibility ________ he will keep his word.He is always telling lies. A．how B．whether C．when D．that 15．It has been announced that the award will be given to ________ has made the largest donation to charity this year. A．a(chǎn)nyone B．the one C．whomever D．whoever 16．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. —Is that ________ you had a few days off? A．why B．when C．what D．where 17．Father made a promise ________ I passed the exam，he would buy me a PS4. A．if B．that if C．whether D．that 18．Dozens of people were waiting with a camera for ________ seemed like hours，hoping to catch a glimpse of the US First Lady，Michelle Obama. A．that B．when C．which D．what 19．Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A．why B．how C．whether D．when 20．Firstclass players of football must have excellent ball control，but it is not just ________ they do with their feet ________ counts. A．how；that B．that；what C．what；that D．whether；what  學(xué)生用書答案精析 專題八　名詞性從句 考點(diǎn)1 1．A　[考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：船停在港口里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的?？崭窈笠龑?dǎo)從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導(dǎo)，故選A。why和when是連接副詞，不能作賓語；whom指人。] 2．A　[考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的話，務(wù)必調(diào)查清楚水面之下有什么。水中經(jīng)常隱藏著石頭或樹枝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處investigate后跟賓語從句，從句缺少主語，故用what引導(dǎo)。who與whoever都可以作主語，但是不符合句意；that在名詞性從句中僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分。] 3．A　[考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：讀了多麗絲萊辛的傳記，我對(duì)她在文學(xué)上取得的成就欽佩不已。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞for后接的是賓語從句，從句中缺少achieve的賓語，故用what引導(dǎo)。] 4．B　[考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：——這么亂！你總是這么懶！——媽媽，要怪也不應(yīng)當(dāng)怪我啊。我這么懶也是你慣出來的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，I am后是表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作me的補(bǔ)足語，相當(dāng)于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me。] 考點(diǎn)2 1．A　[考查賓語從句。句意為：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來這里的時(shí)間，故選when。] 2．B　[考查主語從句。句意為：我們?cè)鯓永斫馐挛锱c我們所感覺到的東西有很大關(guān)系。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“________ we understand things”為主語從句，結(jié)合句意可知選B。] 3．B　[考查賓語從句。句意為：這個(gè)展覽告訴了我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円鲂┦虑閬碜柚箍諝馕廴?。賓語從句中缺少狀語，故選項(xiàng)C、D錯(cuò)誤；where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，不符合題意，故選why，表示“……的原因”。] 4．C　[考查主語從句。句意為：李白，一個(gè)偉大的中國(guó)詩人，其出生地是眾所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”作該句子的主語，表示“李白出生的地方”。] 5．C　[考查賓語從句。句意為：你如果要計(jì)劃到達(dá)那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要往哪里去。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，know后的________ you’re going是賓語從句，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。] 6．D　[考查表語從句。由題干中“the hospital”可知，此處指“我出生的地方”，故用where引導(dǎo)表語從句。句意為：奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！盷 考點(diǎn)3 1．A　[考查賓語從句。句意為：我真的相信美來自人的內(nèi)心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，賓語從句意思完整只缺連接詞，故選A。] 2．D　[考查主語從句。句意為：新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。It作形式主語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。] 3．B　[考查同位語從句的連接詞?？崭窈竺娴膹木浣忉屨f明belief的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句，且從句中不缺少任何成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 考點(diǎn)4 1．A　[考查賓語從句。believe后是賓語從句且從句中缺少主語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatever可以作主語。] 2．C　[whoever意為“無論是誰，任何人”，其后不能和one連用；whatever無論是什么；whichever無論哪一個(gè)；wherever無論哪兒。句意為：你們中無論是誰打破了窗戶都要負(fù)責(zé)賠償。根據(jù)句意可知，C項(xiàng)合適。] 3．C　[句意為：無論是誰參加晚會(huì)，我們都許諾給他/她一個(gè)和電影明星拍照的機(jī)會(huì)。promise sb.sth.許諾某人某事，即promise后跟雙賓語，whoever attends the party為whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，充當(dāng)promise的賓語，因?yàn)閺木淙鄙僦髡Z，故不能選擇賓格形式的whom和whomever，而who表示特指，由句意可知此處表示泛指，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。]  二輪專題強(qiáng)化練答案精析 強(qiáng)化練(八)　名詞性從句 1．D　[考查同位語從句。句意為：——你覺得這款新手機(jī)怎么樣？——哦，很好。在這款新手機(jī)上開發(fā)了一個(gè)新功能，能把正在跟你通話的人周邊的環(huán)境生動(dòng)地展現(xiàn)給你。從句意思、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句來補(bǔ)充說明a new function的具體內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。] 2．C　[考查名詞性從句。句意為：在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，在美國(guó)有一項(xiàng)關(guān)于生命的最令人震驚的統(tǒng)計(jì)是死于煙草的人數(shù)超過了死于艾滋病、車禍、酗酒、謀殺、自殺、非法毒品和火災(zāi)的總?cè)藬?shù)。was后是表語從句，從句是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此直接用that來引導(dǎo)。故選C項(xiàng)。] 3．A　[考查表語從句。句意為：她是為人們所知的那種愛管閑事的人——她總是渴望知道其他人的生活中正在發(fā)生什么。________ is known as a nosy person為表語從句，從句中缺少主語，排除C項(xiàng)；that在名詞性從句中沒有意義，也沒有句法功能，只能起引導(dǎo)作用，排除D項(xiàng)；此處談?wù)摰氖撬膫€(gè)性、性格，而不是指她是誰，排除B項(xiàng)。故選A項(xiàng)。] 4．A　[考查賓語從句。句意為：精通你將去的那個(gè)國(guó)家的語言是必要的，因?yàn)檎Z言技能會(huì)對(duì)你在學(xué)術(shù)上如何表現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生影響。affect后為賓語從句，從句缺少方式狀語。故選A項(xiàng)。] 5．D　[句意為：現(xiàn)在我們的注意力都集中在地球環(huán)境何時(shí)回歸到正常狀態(tài)上?？蘸笫墙樵~on的賓語從句，賓語從句又用的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？此處用了陳述語序。該句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，故選D。] 6．D　[考查主語從句。句意為：——親愛的，什么事情讓你不開心??？——我們是否有必要搬家去城市(讓我不開心)。根據(jù)問題What is upsetting you，dear？可知是對(duì)主語進(jìn)行提問，也就是說回答的內(nèi)容應(yīng)作________ is upsetting me.的主語，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用whether“是否”，其完整的回答應(yīng)該是Whether it is necessary for us to move our home to the city is upsetting me.。故選D項(xiàng)。] 7．D　[考查同位語從句。句意為：在發(fā)達(dá)城市建立核電站是不是個(gè)好主意這個(gè)問題在會(huì)議上經(jīng)常被提到。本句包含一個(gè)同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明question的具體內(nèi)容，即在發(fā)達(dá)城市建立核電站是不是個(gè)好主意這個(gè)問題，由于該同位語從句較長(zhǎng)，被放在了句子的后面。故選D項(xiàng)。] 8．B　[考查名詞性從句。句意為：——什么讓你對(duì)Flower太太的花園印象最深刻，是花、灌木還是其他諸如此類的東西？——是花園布置的方式。lay out布置，給說話者留下最深刻印象的是花園布置的方式。故選B項(xiàng)。] 9．D　[考查表語從句。句意為：在英語中，句子重音就像單詞重音一樣，給英語以韻律。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)is之后為表語從句，從句缺少主語，并且指代物，故選what。] 10．A　[考查同位語從句。句意為：這個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)最近發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)慈善項(xiàng)目，人們應(yīng)該把書捐給偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)學(xué)校。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句補(bǔ)充說明project的具體內(nèi)容。] 11．A　[考查名詞性從句。句意為：人類在將來主要依賴太陽能是非?？赡艿摹here is a strong possibility that...很可能……，……的可能性很大?？蘸笫莗ossibility的同位語，從句中不缺少成分且語意完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。故選A項(xiàng)。] 12．C　[考查表語從句。句意為：我確實(shí)懷疑西方媒體是否像他們說的那樣客觀公正。whether是否。] 13．A　[考查名詞性從句。句意為：什么引起的事故仍然是一個(gè)不解之謎。這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，it為形式主語，空后引導(dǎo)的為主語從句，且從句中缺主語，故選A。] 14．D　[考查同位語從句。句意為：他會(huì)守信用是不可能的。他總是撒謊。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句作no possibility的同位語。] 15．D　[考查名詞性從句。句意為：據(jù)宣布，該獎(jiǎng)將會(huì)發(fā)給今年對(duì)慈善做出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人。空處引導(dǎo)介詞to的賓語從句又在從句中作主語。故選D。] 16．A　[考查表語從句。句意為：——上周我開車去珠海參加航空展了?！蔷褪悄阏?qǐng)假的原因嗎？由句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。] 17．B　[考查同位語從句。句意為：父親許諾如果我考試及格，他會(huì)給我買一個(gè)PS4。make a promise答應(yīng)，許諾，題干中promise后跟同位語從句，用that引導(dǎo)，解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容，同位語從句中包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，故選B。] 18．D　[考查賓語從句。句意為：很多人拿著相機(jī)等待似乎數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)，希望能看一眼美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾奧巴馬?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的句子作介詞for的賓語，從句中缺少主語，所以用what。] 19．C　[考查主語從句。句意為：村里的每一個(gè)人都很友好，跟你在那兒住的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短沒關(guān)系。whether...or...“是……或者……”，符合句意。] 20．C　[考查名詞性從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。第一空引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句中缺賓語，故排除A、B、D；第二空應(yīng)該填強(qiáng)調(diào)句的引導(dǎo)詞that。]