滬教牛津版七年級上Unit3 The Earth單元目標(biāo)：1.學(xué)會使用可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 2There is/ are 的基本用法。 3.掌握本單元的重點詞匯。核心詞匯：Earth 地球 quiz 小測試 pattern 模式 protect 保護(hù) report 報告 part 部分 land 陸地 field 田地 large 大的 provide 提供 pollution 污染 burn 燃燒 energy 能源 pollute(動詞) 污染 ground 地面 kill 殺死 important 重要的 fact 事實 kilometer 公里 own 擁有 catch 捕捉 problem問題 重要短語:protect tne Earth 保護(hù)地球 provide.with為.提供 make energy 制造能源 put.into把.倒入stop doing sth停止做某事 throw away扔掉常考句型：1. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields. (地球上)有森林和河流，山脈和田野。 注：there be 結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示“某時或某地有某人或某物”，其形式為“there be +名詞+地點狀語+時間狀語”，其中be動詞為謂語動詞，它的形式應(yīng)與緊跟其后面做主語的名詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。 例：There is a desk and four chairs in the room. 房間里有一張桌子和四把椅子。There are four chairs and a desk in the room.房間里有四把椅子和一張桌子。析: There be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在關(guān)系”，而have強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”。如. There is a boat in the river. 河里有一條船。I have a nice watch. 我有一塊好看的手表。(2)表示“有”時，there be 結(jié)構(gòu)不能與行為動詞have連用，在表示“附屬于某物/某地的東西”時，there be結(jié)構(gòu)可以與have替換。如：下周三有個班會。There is going to have a class meeting next Wednesday. (錯)There is going to be a class meeting next Wednesday. (對)教室墻上有四扇窗戶。There are four windows in the wall of the classroom.= The classroom has four windows in the wall.2. All plants need light and water.所有的植物都需要陽光和水。注：need在這為實義動詞，可用于各種句型，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Need也可作情態(tài)動詞，但僅用于否定句或疑問句中，后接動詞原形。例：Does he need to hand in his examination paper now?他需要現(xiàn)在交卷嗎？-Must I finish my homework now?我必須先在完成我的作業(yè)嗎？-No，you neednt.不，不需要。3.There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上也有很多像你我一樣的人。注：also, 副詞。意為“也”。例：Tom is going to Canada, Linda is also going to Canada.湯姆打算去加拿大，琳達(dá)耶也打算去。析：also,too和either三者都表示“也”，其中also和too可以替換，都可以用于肯定句和疑問句，但位置不同。also常放在實義動詞前，be動詞、連系動詞后面；too常放在句末，too前面要加逗號。either只用于否定句。例：She plays the piano and sings, too. =She plays the piano and also sings. 她會彈琴也會唱歌。 I dont like the pink one, I dont like the red one either. 我不喜歡那個粉色的，我也不喜歡那個紅色的。3. Its important for us to protect the Earth for our future.為了我們的未來，保護(hù)地球很重要。 注:It在句中作形式主語，整整的主語為不定式to protect the Earth.動詞不定式作主語，可以放在句前也可以放在句后。 句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。語法專講：名詞的數(shù)：名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類。可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)往往要與補丁冠詞a或an連用，復(fù)數(shù)則使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。1 可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示名詞的單數(shù)，要在名詞前加不定冠詞a或an. a加載以輔音開頭的名詞前，an加在以元音開頭的名詞前。如： a book an apple 2. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在單數(shù)名詞后加上"-s"或“-es"構(gòu)成的，其復(fù)數(shù)的一半構(gòu)成方法如下表：情況 構(gòu)成方法 例詞一般情況 在詞尾加sdesk-desksgirl-girls以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esbus-busesFish-fishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-esFamiliesParty-parties以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sDay-daysKey-keys以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f或fe為v再加-esKnife-knivesWife-wives 以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esPotato-potatoesHero-heroes 以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sRadio-radiosZoo-zoos注意：（1）少數(shù)以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時只加-s。 如：photo-photos相片 piano-pianos鋼琴（2） 一些名詞的不規(guī)則變化a. 元音發(fā)生變化 man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet腳 tooth-teeth牙b. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同Deer-deer鹿 fish-fish魚 sheep-sheep綿羊 Chinese-Chinese中國人c. 詞尾發(fā)生變化Child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛d. 有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式Clothes衣服 trousers褲子 glasses眼鏡 scissors剪子2、 不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量時，通?？稍诓豢蓴?shù)名詞前面加上表示數(shù)量的單位詞。a glass of water一杯水 two glasses of water兩杯水A kilo of meat一公斤肉 two kilos of meat兩公斤肉2. 不可數(shù)名詞的不確切數(shù)量的表達(dá)方式當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞的各種大概、不確切的數(shù)量時，課運用下列單詞和短語：單詞：not (any) / no沒有 little幾乎沒有 a little / some一些 most大部分， all全部 短語：a lot of / lots of /plenty of / much / a great deal of/. 許多There be結(jié)構(gòu)There be結(jié)構(gòu)又叫存在句，它是英語中一種常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在某地存在某人或某物”。1、 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定式2、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致（就近原則）3、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問式4、 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式。課后練習(xí)：I.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞 1.They went for walks together in the f_. 2.I want a l_ box; this is too small. 3.It is important for us to p_ the Earth for our future. 4.Plants absorb(吸收) e_ from the sun. 5.We shouldnt p_ our environment.II.根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，每空一詞 1.幫助他人是很重要的。_ _ _ help others. 2.不要忘記把垃圾丟掉。Dont forget to _ _ your rubbish. 3.我把雜志放入抽屜里。 I _ the magazine _ the drawer. 4.你們上星期日在共圓玩的高興嗎？Did you _ _ _ _ in the park last Sunday? 5.我們通常起點起床。We usually _ _ at 7 oclock. 6.在我們的城市里有800萬人。_ _ eight million _ in our city. 7.布萊克先生拿起帽子走了出去。Mr Black _ _ his hat and went out. 8.請將這些句子從黑板上抄下來。 Please _ these sentences _ from the blackboard. 9.我們每人有一個書房。 _ of _ has a study. 10.從我家到學(xué)校我走了半小時。I walked for _ an hour _ my home _ school.III.寫出下列名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 1.brush _ 2.wife_ 3.sheep _ 4.baby _ 5.box _ 6.Japanese _ 7.watch _ 8.policeman _ 9.houses_ 10.deer_ 11.teeth _ 12.men_ 13.are_ 14.oxen_ 15.mice_ 16.ladies_綜合練習(xí)：一單項選擇 I：選出可以替換換線部分的選項（ ）1.They provide the children with food and books. A.give; with B.give; / C.satisfy; with D.Provide; to( )2.Today, there is a lot of pollution. A.many B. Lots of C.much D.a little( )3. He reports the theft to the police. A.says B.tells C.gives information about D.speaks( )4. The stove is burning. A.on fire B.empty C.full D.in danger( )5.The pollution pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants. A.comes into living B.causes the death of C.endangers D.destroysII：選出最佳選項填在橫線上使句意完整。（ ）1.Benny saw three _ climbing the walls. A.thiefs B.thief C.thieves D.thieve ( )2. - Tom,what are those? - They are_. A.dears B.a dear C.deer D.deeres( )3.There _ a book and two pens on the desk. A.is B.are C.be D./( )4.The boy is thirsty, he would like _.A. A cup of tea B. a bowl of chocolate C.a box of chocolate D. a piece of bread( )5.Maths _ my favourite subject. A.is B.am C.are D.be( )6.Its important _ us to study hard.A.to B.for C.of D.with( )7.There are many plants on Earth. Some live _ the land. Some live _ the water. A.under, on B.in, under C.on. under D.under, in( )8.We must stop _ the animals! A.kill B. To kill D.killed D.killing( )9.Dont _ rubbish into the river! A.go B.throw C.pull D.push( )10. Forests are very important. They provide us _ a lot of things.A. of B.to C.with D.for2 用所給詞的正確形式填空。I:用be(am, is, are)的正確形式填空。1. There _ two boxes of toys.2. Water _ very important in our daily life.3. What _ those?4. They _ going to have lunch together.5. I _ studying now.II:根據(jù)語境，用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. There are also many people like you and _ (I) on Earth.2. Its _ (importance) to find out what he is doing.3. There _ (be) two books and a pencil on the table.4. The young in our society need care and _ (protect).5. I went to many interesting _ (place) last year.6. Do you have any _(plant).7. _ (leaf) turn yellow in autumn.8. I have two _ (piece) of news for you.9. I want to make _ (friend) with you.10. I want three _(glass) of juice, please.三完形填空。Please have a look at this picture of a family. Are these people_41_ ? No, they are not from China. They _42_ from America. This is an _43_ girl. Her name is Kate Brown. She is new in my class. _44_ the two boys. The one in the red football clothes is Jim, the other one in black is Peter. They are the _45_ brothers, and Jim _46_ Peter. They are _47_ school. The man with glasses on his nose is _48_ father. The woman is their mother. _49_ are new teachers in our school. They _50_ us English.( )41. A. AmericansB. ChineseC.English D. Japanese( )42. A. comes B. be C. are comingD. come ( )43.A. AmericaB. English C. American D. England( )44. A. look afterB. watch C. Look D. Look at ( )45. A. hersB. girls C. Kates D. Kate( )46. A. looks likeB. is looking likeC. looks the same D. look like ( )47. A. go toB. in C. atD. go to the ( )48. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them ( )49. A. They B. TheirC. Them D. Theirs四閱讀理解：（25分） (A)One day, Bruce played in front of a house. A woman came up and asked Bruce, “Little boy, is your mother at home?” “Yes, she is.” answered the boy. Then the woman went over to ring the bell. The bell rang and rang, but no one came to open the door. the woman got angry and called out to him, “You told me your mother was at home, didnt you?” “Yes,” the boy answered. “My mother is at home, but this isnt my home.”( )51.One day, Bruce played_. A. in a park B. in the street C. in front of a shop D. in front of a house( )52. The woman wanted to see _. A.Bruces mother B. Bruces father C. Bruce himself D. nobody( )53. The woman went over to _ after she talked with Bruce. A.knock at the door of the house B. ring the bell of the house C. give a call to his mother D. ask his mother some questions( )54. The woman got _ because no one came to open the door. A. pleased. B. surprised C. angry D. afraid( )55. In the story the woman didnt find Bruces mother because_. A.she went to the wrong house B. she didnt know Bruces C Bruce was not at home D. Bruce didnt have a mother(B)Mr. Johnson looked at his watch. It was half past seven. He got out of bed quickly. Then he washed and got dressed. He was late as usual, so he did not have time for breakfast. He ran all the way to the station and he arrived there just in time for the train. Mr. Johnson never eats anything in the morning. He always says to his friends at the office, “ It is nice to have breakfast in the morning, but its nicer to lie in bed!”( ) 56. Before Mr. Johnson got out of bed, _. A. he washed B. he got dressed C. he watched TV D. he looked at his watch ( ) 57. He got out of bed quickly because _. A. he was late B. he didnt have breakfast C. he had to run all the way D. he looked at his time table( ) 58. He says something about breakfast to his friends at _. A. homeB. schoolC. workD. house( ) 59. How do you think he went there? A. By busB. On footC. By carD. By train( ) 60. The best title(標(biāo)題) of the passage(文章) is _. A. Ran faster B. Never eat anything D. A lazy man D. Get up early(C)Do you know fish come out of eggs when they are born? After the little fish comes out of the egg, it eats the food in the egg. When it is big, it leaves the egg. It swims in the water. You can see the eyes and nose. Its ears are hidden(藏在) in the head. Some fish eat other fish. Some fish have small mouths and teeth and they often eat plants. ( ) 61.The fish is in _ before theyre born.A. an egg B. the body of its mother C. the water D. the body of its father ( )62.The fish eat _ after they come out of the egg. A. some small fish B. big fish in the water C. other eggs D. the food in the egg ( ) 63. When the fish is big, it_. A. goes away from the egg B. doesnt come out of the egg C. eats the eggs D. swims in the egg ( ) 64. Which is right ? A. The fish has no ears. B. We can see the fishs nose, eyes and ears. C. The fish has ears in its head. D. The fish has no nose. ( ) 65. The passage tells us _. A. all big fish eat small fish B. fish with small mouths and teeth eat plants C. all fish have big mouths and teeth D. fishes dont have ears(D) Dear Lily, Thank you for your letter. How are you? I like your pictures (照片)very much！Here are some pictures of my family. I hope you like them, too. In Picture One, Im eating lunch at home with my parents. In the next picture, my brother and I are at school. Were playing football. In Picture Three, my sister is reading a book. In picture Four, my mother and sister are shopping at a shop. In Picture Five, you can see my grandmother, grandfather and I. Were eating dinner at my grandparents home. My grandparents are really nice. I hope to hear from you soon.Sam( )66. There are _ picture of Sams family. A. four B. six C. five( )67. In Picture One, Sam is _.A. eating lunch B. eating dinner C. eating breakfast( )68. In Picture Two, Sam and his _ are at school. A. sister B. brother C. parents( )69. In Picture Four, Sams mother and sister are _. A. working B. playing C. shopping( )70. In the last picture, they are _. A. on a bus B. at Sams grandparents home C. at school(E) Hello, my name is Linda. I am from England. Now I am in China with my parents. I like Chinese. They are very friendly to us. I like Chinese food, too. There are many different kinds of food. They are delicious. My father is Mr. Green. He works in a big company here. My mother is at home. She looks after my father and me. I have breakfast at home. My mother cooks it for me. I usually have an egg, a piece of bread and porridge for breakfast. I dont like milk. I have four lessons in the morning. My school is far from my home. So I have no time to go home for lunch. I just have snacks at school. The snacks are very good in two boxes. One has different food, the other has some rice in it. In the afternoon, I only have two lessons. After the lessons, I usually go home. My father takes me home in his car.I have supper at home with my parents. Sometimes we go out to have dinner with our friends. We have fish, meat, vegetables, soup, rice and fruit for supper. I like Chinese dumplings very much. Write A(正確) or B(錯誤) to the following statements: ( )71. Linda is from England, but she is in China now.( )72. Linda goes to school by bus.( )73. Lindas mother doesnt go to work, she just stays at home.( )74. Linda likes Chinese food and Chinese people very much.( )75. Linda has snacks at home every day.