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1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣 條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來過去式 (were)had done would/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might +have done1.過去式2. should+ V.(原)3. were to do would/could/should/might +V. (原)一. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果他來這，他就能夠

2、幫助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會學(xué)法語。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the cour

3、se of French. 要是失敗了，我會再試一次。If it should fail, I would try again. 1.如 果 你 早 來 5分 鐘 ， 你 就 趕 上 這 趟 車 了 。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如 果 我 現(xiàn) 在 不 忙 ， 我 就 來 幫 你 了 。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3.如 果 明 天 下 雪 了 ， 我 們 怎 么 辦 ？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwere would helpshould we

4、re to snowWould have caught If I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have gone If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned 二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型:

5、1. wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在: 過去時（were）過去: 過去完成時(had done)未來: would/could/might +V.(原) should 我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。I wish I would be a scientist. 2. would rather that現(xiàn)在:過去:未來: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt

6、come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時 3. as if /though + 從句 現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時過去完成時 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were

7、 drunk.她看起來似乎是冰做的she looked as if she were made of ice. 4. Its (about/high) time +that過去時(were)Should(不省) +V.你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們該去睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣。

8、使用should + 動詞原形, 或者將should省略。常見動詞: 一個堅持, 兩個命令, 三個建議, 四個要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, ask I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建議” 或“堅持要某人做某事時”, 即它們用于其本意“暗示、

9、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為”時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。 1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once. obey wasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. have was 以上動詞相應(yīng)的名

10、詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句, 表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣, 從句中的動詞形式為(should）+動詞原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句，從句中的動詞要用虛擬, 即(should)+動詞原形我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 很奇怪她竟然拒

11、絕來參加聚會。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)Its necessary that we should study hard. 7. 虛擬語氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中, “要是就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看過那部電影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film! 8.在含有If it were not

12、for或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語氣中。If it were not for the rain , the crops would die. 要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)If it had not been for your help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help, 9. 混合型的條件句當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時間不一 致時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作

13、相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完成時（指過去行為），而主句用一般時（指目前狀態(tài)）。 如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當(dāng)時就不會打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glas

14、s. 10.連詞if的省略如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were，had和should時，可省略if，把were，had和should放到從句主語前面去，多見于書面語。要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。Had you not helped me， I should have failed. 假如你處在我的地位，你也會這樣干的。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進攻我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 1._he come, the

15、 problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for the sun. 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A had he been here . B here he had been

16、. C been here he had . D had he been here .4._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be . 錯綜時間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致。主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自的時間而定。* 近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型： If the United States had built

17、 more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country_ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been 如果你采納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生，四年后就會大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 If yo

18、u had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had三個助動詞, 可以把 if 省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。 If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it

19、rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without, or, otherwise , but for等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。I lost your address, otherwise Iyou long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visit 沒有你的幫助，我們就不會實驗成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是這場雨，我們就

20、完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常見的幾種固定句式。如If only, insist, suggest及Its time/necessary/important that從句等等。If only I to my parents advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan.A. shouldnt agree B. would

21、nt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is