Lesson Five The One Against the Many一個對多個.VocabularyA. Look up the following words and phrases. Select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which each appears:1. to approach: to begin dealing with; to adopt a method for attaining a goal or purpose2. faith: complete ,unquestioning acceptance of something3. philosophical commitment: dedication to abstract thought-out principles4. to report: to give an account (of); to describe5. Intelligences: bright, perceptive people6. to condition: to affect, modify or influence7. to translate: to transform or convert8. temper: a frame of mind; character9. free: (of a person) able to act at will; not under compulsion or restraint10. to betray: to lead astray; to deceive. Explain the following in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings:1. As a nation, America has refused to cling to certain rigid priciples concerning social and economic development. America has been adaptable and flexible.2. No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.3. A mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking.4. Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology.5. As a man following a fixed set of beliefs, Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present day reality.6. The essence of the dogma is put in the hands of a few priests who can never go wrong.7. In this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relative truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only Truth.8. Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology.9. The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.10. The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve Absolute Truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up. Translate the following into Chinese:A. Phrases1. 人的尊嚴2. 智力提高3. 生產(chǎn)資料4. 代議制政府機構5. 教條式的偏見6. 分析問題的理論體系7. 一系列必須遵循的主張8. 僵硬的經(jīng)驗理論9. （由于信仰教條的原因）使選擇的范圍變得十分狹小10. 宿命論的歷史觀11. 封閉的世界12. 豐富的、永不停地的人類生活13. 獨自掌握了絕對真理14. 自由思想不受約束的交流15. 鐵板一塊的世界B. Sentence1. 美國的經(jīng)驗在許多方面都是獨特的。2. 這個國家有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢主要是人口相對稀少而資源十分豐富。3. 它源于對思想原則的信仰，而不是出于對經(jīng)濟利益的追求4. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分發(fā)揮的最好方式。5. 在意識形態(tài)體系與經(jīng)驗主義斗爭的歷史上，意識形態(tài)體系曾吸引了人類歷史上一些聰明絕頂?shù)娜宋?. 在她處于最佳時期時，美國可以說超越了所有的意識形態(tài)體系。7. 政府管得越少越好8. 說實在的，杰斐遜一生在意識形態(tài)體系上所做的努力與他的性格是相矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是靈活的、從經(jīng)驗出發(fā)的。9. 我甚至建議在思想界和學術界的討論中摒棄某些用濫了的詞語。這些詞語只能使頭腦發(fā)熱，而不會給人以智慧的光芒。10. 自由人掌握許多具體的真理，但他們認為沒有一個凡人能夠掌握絕對真理。部分文檔在網(wǎng)絡上收集，請下載后24小時內(nèi)刪除，不得傳播，不得用于商業(yè)目的，如有侵權，請聯(lián)系本人。謝謝