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1、選修六unit1 語(yǔ)法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、概念 語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法或態(tài)度。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣（The Indicative Mood）、祈使語(yǔ)氣（The Imperative Mood）、和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（The Subjunctive Mood）。 陳述語(yǔ)氣是用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或提出一種看法；祈使語(yǔ)氣則表示請(qǐng)求、命令、警告或勸告等，而虛擬語(yǔ)氣則表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。 I saw Wang Ping yesterday. 語(yǔ)氣 Do come to the meeting next Monday.

2、 語(yǔ)氣 If I were you, I would not do it like that. 語(yǔ)氣 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用 在含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，現(xiàn)將其形式列表如下： 假設(shè)情況 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式 主句的謂語(yǔ)形式 于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be---were） would/should/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be---were） 2) should+動(dòng)詞原形 3) were to+動(dòng)詞原形 would/should/might/c

3、ould+動(dòng)詞原形 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had +過(guò)去分詞） would/should/might/could have done 特別提示： u 主句中的should只用于第一人稱，但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。 1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If I ______(be) you, I ________________(tell)him the truth. If she ______（have） enough money, she __________(buy) a computer. 2) 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

4、If it ____________, the crops would be saved.要是能下雨的話，莊稼就能得救了。 3）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 If you _____________(take) my advice, you _______________(not fail) in the exam. 如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格。（事實(shí)上你根本沒(méi)聽(tīng)我的） u 在虛擬條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 If I were you, I would do it another way. =_____________, I wo

5、uld do it another way. If I should have time, I would help Tom with his maths. =___________________, I would help Tom with his maths. If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have finished the work on time. =___________________________, I wouldn’t have finished the work on time 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)

6、用 1) 動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句 I wish (that) +從句 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be---were） 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬 would/ could +動(dòng)詞原形 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬 過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had done） 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬 I wish it _______(be) spring in my hometown all the year round. I wish I __________(meet) him yesterday. 特別提示：wish本身可以是過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的一種愿望，that從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受影響。 He wished that he ____

7、_______(not tell) Lucy the bad news yesterday. 2) 在表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” should可省略。 一堅(jiān)持：insist 二命令：order，command 三建議：suggest，propose，advise 四要求：request，require，demand，ask 1 She asked that she _____ of developments. A should keep inform B be kept informed C should be keep

8、 to inform D keep inform 2 The doctor advised that he ________(change) his job. 特別提示 suggest 表“暗示、表明”，insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1 The smile on his face suggested that he _______(be) satisfied with our work. 2 The man insisted that he ______________(never steal) the money. 3）在would rather 后的

9、賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用過(guò)去式來(lái)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。 did/ be---were 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬 would rather sb had done 對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬 I’d rather you _________(go) tomorrow. I’d rather she _______________(do) that. 我寧愿她沒(méi)那樣做。 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 1 If I had worn my overcoat, I ______ cold. A won’t have caught B couldn’t h

10、ave caught C won’t catch D wouldn’t catch 2 ---Shall we go to the movie tonight? ---No, I’d rather ____ at home with our baby. A you stayed B you stay C stayed D to stay 3 ---Mike, it’s a pity you didn’t come to the opening ceremony of the 11th National Games. It was really great! ---

11、Really? If I ______ so busy, I would have gone. A hadn’t been B weren’t C shouldn’t be D wouldn’t be 4 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a visit. A come B would come C came D have come 5 Should the weather be good tomorrow, we ______ climbing. A

12、 had gone B could have gone C would go D went 6 ---Why didn’t you buy the flat? ---I ______, but I didn’t have the money. A would have B bought C would like to D had bought 7 I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. A has come B did come C

13、 came D had come 8 I wish I ______ English hard when I was young, but it is too late now. A had studied B have studied C studied D study 9 Seeing we were very tired, Jack suggested that we _____ a ten-minute coffee break. A could take B may take C must take D take 10 The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free immediately. A did, set B had done, should be set C do, be set D had done, must be set 11 ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube. A Were B Should C Would D Will 3