學案：Language points of Module3 Unit 1 The world of our senses Part I Welcome to the unit Part II Reading1. When Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. 波莉離開家的那天早晨，這座城市已籠罩在灰白色的霧氣中。cover vt 遮蓋，掩蓋；占地(面積)；走過，行走(路程)；讀完；采訪；(錢)夠用；包括，涵蓋She covered her face with her hands. 她以手掩面。拓展：be covered with 由所覆蓋 cover up 掩飾，隱匿under (the) cover of 在.掩護下；以.為借口 from cover to cover 從頭至尾under the same cover 在同一封信或同一郵包中2.step out into the fog =walk faster into the fog 加快腳步進入濃霧中3. wonder vt. (1) 對 感到疑惑，想要知道+ 疑問詞引導的句子或不定式 (2) 禮貌地提問或請人做事時說 I wonder ifvi 對感到驚訝 （at/ about） n. (Its ) no wonder (that). 難怪I wonder what we will do next = I wonder what to do next. 我不知道下一步該做什么。No wonder youre that/so tired, youve been walking for hours. 難怪你那么累，你一直走了好幾個小時。4. Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. 一出來到大街上，她就很快地朝她平常等的汽車站走去。Once out in the street 相當于 Once she was out in the street 引導時間狀語從句。在從句主語與主句主語一致時，從句可省略主語。例如：Once published (publish), this dictionary will be very popular.Once seen (see), it will never be forgotten. Once seeing(see) Jim, I will inform him of the news.Words of similar use: if; when; while; unless etc.When brushing(brush) your teeth , dont leave water running all the time.If brushed (brush) three times a day, teeth can remain healthy. First aid, if properly done (do), can save a persons life. I wont go to the party unless (I am) invited(invite).5. The truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.=The truth is that the fog is so thick that the bus cant run so far. 事實上是霧太濃了，車不能開那么遠。 句中第一個that引導的是表語從句。例如：The reason he did not come is that he was ill. 他沒來的原因是他病了。 第二個that (或this) 在此處等于so，意思是“那么”（或“這么”），修飾形容詞或副詞。例如： Can hard work change a person that much? 艱辛會使人變化那么大嗎? You see, a fog this bad is rare.(Page3 Line53) 你聽我說，這么糟糕的霧很少見。6. As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. Line14-15observe: vt. 觀察 observe sth./sb.; observe that The teacher _ _ _ _ _ _老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一些學生睡著了。 observe (see, watch, notice) sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事（強調(diào)過程，動作的結(jié)果） sb. doing sth. 觀察某人做某事 （強調(diào)動作正在進行）observer: n. 觀察者observation: n. 觀察，觀察力 in a dark coat表示“穿著黑色外套”?！癷n+服飾或顏色”可以表示人的穿戴。The man in a uniform is a detective. _。Do you know _ _ _ _? 你認識那個穿紅衣服的女孩嗎?7. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.a. The doctor prescribed some pills and told her to get/have a weeks rest. n. 休息b. Parents rest their hope on their children. Vt 依靠；寄托c. Well eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast. n.剩余的人，物再：The rest of his life was spent in prison. 他的余生在獄中度過。The rest of the books are on the shelf. 剩余的那些書在架子上。the rest 作主語時，謂語動詞由of 后的名詞(單、復數(shù))決定glance: vi. glance at 看一眼，瞥一眼The man glanced nervously at his watch. 男子緊張地瞥了一眼他的手表?！颈嫖觥縢lance at 很快地看一眼，瞥一眼 glare at 怒視 stare at 凝視，盯著看 n. give/take/have a glance at (朝)一瞥8. The tall man was nowhere to be seen. 哪兒也看不到這個高個子男人了。to be seen是動詞不定式的被動形式，在此作定語。通常不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，且動作的施動者不明確時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。例如：The meeting to be held is of great importance. 明天要開的會很重要。These are the books to be distributed among the students. 這些是要發(fā)給學生的書。nowhere無處；任何地方都不。例如：The missing wallet is nowhere to be found. 丟失的錢包任何地方都找不著。Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet. 我們?nèi)魏纹渌胤蕉颊也坏絹G失的錢包。9. L2122 As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, L 23 Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her cheek, and L 25 She could feel her heart beating with fear.L32 Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard. 上述四個句子中劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)都為：動詞 + _ + _，分別由現(xiàn)在分詞 (如approaching，beating，staring ) 或者_(如brush) 充當_。 ( 你能說它們之間的區(qū)別嗎？)10. Polly set off towards Park Street. 波莉向花園街走去。Line20-21set off 動身，出發(fā)(常與for連用)；引爆，使爆炸；引起，激發(fā)Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling. 股票市場上人心惶惶，掀起了拋售浪潮。set about doing sth開始著手做某事 set an example to 為.樹立榜樣set out to do sth開始做某事 set aside 存儲，留出set up 建立，成立 set foot on 踏上，涉足 set fire to 點燃，點火 11. but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.By the time they get here, well _ have finished _ (finish) the work. By the time l got to the station，the train _ had _ already _ gone _(go).By the time I finished eating, he _ was _already _ asleep _(asleep).小結(jié)：by the time + 一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。by the time + 一般現(xiàn)在時從句，主句用將采完成時，表示主句動作將先發(fā)生。當主句的謂語有表狀態(tài)的be動詞時，主句通常不用完成時態(tài)。拓展：表示時間的短語可作為連詞用的還有：every time，the instant，the moment，the day，the year，next time，the first (second，third.)time等以及副詞immediately，instantly，directly等。12她能感到由于害怕自己的心在砰砰亂跳。She could feel her heart beating with fear.with表示原因 如：冷得發(fā)抖shake with coldbeat v. 跳動；擊打；拍打；打敗 n.心跳節(jié)拍 過去式beat，過去分詞 beaten Hes still aliveI can feel his heart beating（心跳）.Occasionally the master beat the desk (敲著桌子) with his heavy ruler as he cried,“Silence, please silence!”He beat me (贏了我)at chess.beat down 打倒 beat off 擊退，打退 beat sb. to death 打死 13. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. 剛才她還盼望著能有人朝她這里走來?，F(xiàn)在她想到的是跑掉，但是因為恐懼，她一動也不能動。和a minute before連用的時態(tài)是過去完成時, 如果是a minute ago則和一般過去時時態(tài)連用wish for 意思是盼望/期盼Its no use wishing for the impossible (期望不可能的事).hold vt. 使保持特定位置或狀況 Hold your head up ( 抬起你的頭來) for three minutes; it will help you relax. The man held the door open (讓門敞開) as he noticed an old woman came up behind him. still (1)adj. 靜止的，不動的Keep still while I fasten your shoe. 當我替你系鞋帶時，你不要動。The sea was calm and still. 海上風平浪靜。(2)adj. 寂靜的，無聲的The room was still at the end of the speech. 演講結(jié)束時，室內(nèi)一片寂靜。辨析still, calm，quiet, 與silentstill 靜止的，不動的，指沒有運動或動作的狀態(tài)；calm 平靜的，沉著的，指無風浪或人的心情不激動；quiet 寧靜的，安靜的，指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒有煩惱焦慮；silent 寂靜的，沉默的，不發(fā)音的，指沒有聲音或不講話。Tell the children to keep calm. 告訴孩子們沉著些。(指不慌張，冷靜)She kept silent about the matter. 她對這件事保持沉默。(指什么也不說)Ask the boys to keep quiet. 讓孩子們保持安靜。(指不要吵鬧)The officer asked the Swedish to keep still. 軍官讓那個瑞典人別動。(指不移動也不出聲)14. watch out (for)(1)密切注意，留意留心Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company, they dont come very often.要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的機會，這樣的機會不多。Im always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.我總是警惕著過去可能沒注意到的錯誤。(2) Watch out ! Theres a danger ahead. 小心!前面有危險。watch out (for) look out (for) Cf. look out of take care (of) be careful of15.It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny. 這給了我一個機會，我可以回報在晴天里人們所給與我的幫助了。配對下列詞義pay for 付清；繳清 pay in 回報 pay off 負擔支付的費用,為付出代價 pay sbout 存款pay up 償還，還清pay back報復某人How can I pay you back for all your kindness? My husband cheated me but Ill find some way to pay him back. After 10 years of hard work, the couple eventually pay off the debts.How much should I _ pay _ you _ for _ the broken glasses?You will _ pay for _ your carelessness.pay for 負擔支付的費用 pay in 存款 pay off 償還，還清 pay sbout 報復某人 pay up 付清；繳清 pay back 回報16. A blind person_ like me cant get across the road without help, except _ in a fog like this. 像我這樣的瞎子沒人幫助是沒有辦法過街，除非是在這樣的大霧里。翻譯下列句子中的get across The explanation did not get across to the class. 被理解He didnt get his explanation across to the class. 把講清楚except 意思是 除了 ，可以用在名詞、代詞、介詞、不定式和句子前。I usually go to work by bike, except that it snows / except on snowy days (除了下雪天).We have nothing to do except glance at each other from time to time (除了偶爾對看一眼).附件1：律師事務(wù)所反盜版維權(quán)聲明附件2：獨家資源交換簽約學校名錄（放大查看）學校名錄參見：